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·	From Theory To Practice

Job Quality

ABOWD, J.M. "The NBER Immigration, Trade and Labour Markets Data Files," in Immigration, Trade and the Labour Market, J. M. Abowd and R. Freeman, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

ABOWD, John and H. S. Farber, "Product Market Competition and Union Organizing Activity: Preliminary Results," mimeo, MIT, April 1987.

ABOWD, J.M. and R. Freeman, eds., Immigration, Trade and the Labour Market, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, introduction.

ABOWD, J.M. and Lemieux, T "The Effects of International Competition on Collective Bargaining Outcomes: A Comparison of the United States and Canada," in Immigration, Trade and the Labour Market, J. M. Abowd and R Freeman, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

ABRAHAM, Katharine G. and Susan N. Houseman, "Earnings Inequality in Germany," in Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, Richard B. Freeman and Lawrence E Katz, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

AKYEAMPONG, Ernest B. and Jason Siroonian, 'Work Arrangements of Canadians - An Overview," Perspectives on Labour and Income 5 (Autumn 1993): 8-10.

BAKER, M. and D. Benjamin, 'The Performance of Immigrants in the Canadian Labour Market," Journal of Labor Economics 12 (July 1994): 369-405.

BAR-OR, Y., J. Burbidge, L. Magee, and A. L. Robb, "The Wage Premium to a University Education in Canada: 1971-1991," Journal of Labor Economics 13 (October 1995) : 762-794.

BEACH, C. and G. Slotsve, "Polarization of Earnings in the Canadian Labour Market," Bell Canada Papers on Economic and Public Policy 2 (1994): 299- 348.

BENJAMIN, D. "Minimum Wages in Canada," paper prepared for the conference on labour Market Policy in Canada and Latin America under Economic Integration, Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, December 7-8, 1995.

BERMAN, E., J. Bound and 2. Griliches, "Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labour within U.S. manufacturing: Evidence from the Annual Survey of Manufactures," Quarterly Journal of Economics 109 (May 1994): 367-398

BLACKBURN, M., D. Bloom, and R. Freeman, "The Declining Economic Position of Less-Skilled American Males," in A Future of Lousy Jobs?: The Changing Structure of U.S. Wages, G. Burtless, ed., Washington: Brookings Institution, 1990.

BLOOM, David E., Gilles Grenier, and Morley Gunderson, 'The Changing Labour Market Position of Canadian Immigrants," Canadian Journal of Economics 28 (November 1995): 987-1005.

BLOOM, D. and R. Freeman, "The Fall in Private Pension Coverage in the US.," American Economic Review 82 (2): 539-45.

BORJAS, G., R. Freeman, and L. Katz, "On the Labour Market Effects of Immigration and Trade," in Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas, Bojas and Freeman, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

BORJAS, G. and V. Ramey, "Foreign Competition, Market Power, and Wage Inequality," Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (November 1995): 1075- 1110.

BORJAS, George J. and Valerie A. Ramey, "Time-Series Evidence on the Sources of Trends in Wage Inequality," American Economic Review 84 (May 1994): 10-16.

BOUND, J. and G. Johnson, "Changes in the Structure of Wages in the 1980s: An Evaluation of Alternative Explanations," American Economic Review 82 June 1992): 371-392.

BOWLUS, Audra J. "Matching Workers and Jobs: Cyclical Fluctuations in Match Quality," Journal of Labor Economics 13 (Aprill995): 335350.

BROWN, Charles and James Medoff, "The Employer Size Wage Effect," Journal of Political Economy 97 (1989): 1027-1059.

BURBIDGE, J.B., L. Magee, and A.L. Robb, "Disentangling Year, Cohort and Age Effects in Canadian Earnings Data," mimeo, McMaster University, June 1995.

BURBIDGE, J.B., L. Magee, and A.L. Robb, "Canadian Wage Inequality Over the Last Two Decades," mimeo, McMaster University, Fall 1994.

BURTLESS, Gary, "International Trade and the Rise in Earnings Inequality," Journal of Economic Literature 33 (June 1995): 800-816.

BUSHINSKY, M. "Changes in the US. Wage Structure 1963-87: Application of Quantile Regression," Econometrica 62 (march 1994): 405-458.

BUSHINSKY, M. and J. Hunt, "Earnings Mobility in the United States," mimeo, Yale University, 1995.

CARD, David, Francis Kramarz, and Thomas Lemieux, "Changes in the Relative Structure of Wages and Employment: A Comparison of the United States, Canada, and France," Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section Working Paper no. 355, December 1995.

COLEMAN, M. and J. Pencavel, "Changes in Work Hours of Male Employees: 1940- 1988," Industrial and Lubor Relations Review, January 1993a.

COLEMAN, M. and J. Pencavel, "Trends in Market Work Behavior of Women since 1940," Industrial and Lubor Relations Review, July 1993b.

COX, W. M. and B. J. Fox, "What is Happening to Americans' Income?," The Southwest Economy, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 1995.

CROSSLEY, T E, P Kuhn and H. Schuetze, "Changes in Employment Stability in Canada: 1971-1991," mimeo, McMaster University 1995.

DICKENS, W. T "The Effects of Trade on Employment: Techniques and Evidence," in Tyson, L., W. Dickens, and J. Zysman, eds., The Dynamics of Trade and Employment Cambridge: Ballinger, 1988.

DIEBOLD, E, D. Neumark and D. Polsky, "Job Stability in the United States," National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 4959,1994.

DINARDO, J., N. Fortin and T Lemieux, "Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-92: A Semiparametric Approach," NBER working paper no. 5093, April1995.

DOOLEY, M. "The Overeducated Canadian? Changes in the Relationship among Earnings, Education, and Age for Canadian Men: 1971-81," Canadian Journal of Economics 19 (February 1986): 142-159.

EDIN, Per-Anders and Bertil Holmlund, 'The Swedish Wage Structure: The Rise and Fall of Solidarity Wage Policy?," in Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, Richard B. Freeman and Lawrence E Katz, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

ERICKSON, Christopher L. and Andrea C. Ichino, 'Wage Differentials in Italy: Market Forces, Institutions, and Inflation," in Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, edited by Richard B. Freeman, and Lawrence E Katz, 1995.

EVEN, William and MacPherson, David, '%%y did Male Pension Coverage Decline in The 1980s?," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 47(3), April 1994.

FARBER, H. "Are Lifetime Jobs Disappearing? Job Duration in the United States, 1973-1993," National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper no. 5014.

FEENSTRA, R and G. Hanson, "Foreign Investment, Outsourcing, and Relative Wages," manuscript, October 1994.

FORTIN, N. and T. Lemieux, "Rank Regressions, Wage Distributions, and the Gender Wage Gap" Université de Montreal, unpublished paper, June 1995.

Freeman, R. B. The Overeducated American, New York: Academic Press, 1976.

FREEMAN, Richard B. "How Much has De-Unionization Contributed to the Rise in Male Earnings Inequality?," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper: 3826, August 1991.

FREEMAN, R B. "Are Your Wages Set in Beijing?," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9 (Summer 1995): 15-32.

FREEMAN, R. and L. Katz, "Rising Wage Inequality: The United States versus Other Advanced Countries," in Working Under Different Rules, R B. Freeman, ed., New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1994.

FREEMAN, R. and L. Katz, "Industrial Wage and Employment Determination in an Open Economy," in Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market, John M. Abowd and Richard B. Freeman, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

FREEMAN, R. and K. Needels, "Skill Differentials in Canada in an era of rising Labor Market Inequality," in Small Differences that Matter: Labor Markets and income Maintenance in Canada and the United States, R. Freeman and D. Card, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

FRIEDBERG, R. and J. Hunt, "The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9 (Spring 1995): 23-44.

GOTTSCHALK, Peter and Robert Moffit "The Growth of Earnings Instability in the U.S. Labor Market," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1994: 2.

GREEN, D. and C. Riddell, "Job Duration in Canada," mimeo, University of British Columbia, 1995.

GREGORY, Robert G. and Francis Vella, "Real Wages, Employment and Wage Dispersion in U.S. and Australian Labour Markets," in Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, edited by Richard B. Freeman, and Lawrence E Katz, 1995.

GROSSMAN, G.M. 'The Employment and Wage Effects of Import Competition," Journal of International Economic Integration 2 (1987): l-23.

GROSSMAN, G. M. "Imports as a Cause of Injury: The Case of the US. Steel Industry," Journal of International Economics 20 (May 1986): 201-23.

GROSSMAN, G. M. "International Competition and the Unionized Sector," Canadian Journal of Economics 17 (August 1984): 541-556.

HEAD, K. and J. Reis, "Market-Access Effects of Trade Liberalization: Evidence from the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement," mimeo, University of British Columbia, 1995.

HEISZ, Andrew, "The Changing Importance of Lifetime Jobs in the Canadian Economy." mimeo, Statistics Canada, 1995.

JUHN, C. and D. I. Kim, "The Effects of Rising Female Labor Supply on Male Wages," National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 5236, August 1995.

JUHN C., K. Murphy and B. Pierce, "Wage Inequality and the Rise in the Returns to Skill," Journal of Politica1 Economy 101 (June 1993): 410-442.

KAROLY, L. and J. Klerman, "Using Regional Data to Reexamine the Contribution of Demographic and Sectoral Changes to Increasing U.S. Wage Inequality," in The Changing Distribution of Income in an Open U.S. Economy, J. Bergstrand et al., eds., Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1994.

KATZ, Lawrence E, David G. Blanchflower, Gary W. Loveman, "A Comparison of Changes in the Structure of Wages in Four OECD Countries," in Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, edited by Richard B. Freeman, and Lawrence E Katz. 1995.

KATZ, L. and Murphy, K. M., "Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors," Quarterly Journal of Economics 428 (February 1992): 35 78.

KRUEGER, A. "How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure" Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (Feb. 1993): 33-60.

KRUEGER, Alan B. and Jorn-Steffen Pischke, "A Comparative Analysis of East and West German Labor Markets: Before and After Unification," in Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, edited by Richard B. Freeman and Lawrence E Katz, 1995.

KUHN, P and A. L. Robb, "Unemployment, Skill, and Labour Supply: Evidence from Canadian Microdata: 1971-1991," McMaster University, economics department working paper no. 9511, September 1995.

LALONDE, R. J., and R. Topel, "Labor Market Adjustments to Increased Immigration," in Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market, J. Abowd and R. Freeman, eds., Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1991.

LAWRENCE, C., and Lawrence, RZ., "Relative Wages in US. Manufacturing: an End Game Interpretation," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1 (1985) : 47-106

LEE, Frank C. "Implications of Technology and Imports on Employment and Wages in Canada," mimeo, Department of Industry, Government of Canada, December 1995.

LEMIEUX, Thomas, "Unions and Wage Inequality in Canada and the United States," in Small Differences that Matter: Labor Markets and Income Maintenance in Canada and the United States, R. Freeman and D. Card, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

LESLIE, D. and Y. Pu, 'What Caused Rising Earnings Inequality in Britain? Evidence from Time Series 1970-93," mimeo, Manchester Metropolitan University, September 1994.

LEVY, Frank and Richard J. Murnane, "U.S. Earnings Levels and Earnings Inequality: A Review of Recent Trends and Proposed Explanations," Journal of Economic Literature 30 (September 1992): 13331381.

MACHIN, S. "Changes in the Relative Demand for Skills in the UK Labour Market," in A. Booth and D. Snower, eds., The Skills Gap and Economic Activity, forthcoming 1995.

MORISSE'ITE, Rene, John Myles and Garnett Picot, "Earnings Inequality and the Distribution of Working Time in Canada," Canadian Business Economics 2 (Spring 1994).

MURPHY, Kevin and Finis Welch, "Wage Differentials in the 1980s: The Role of International Trade," Unicon Research Corp., Los Angeles CA, Sept. 1988.

MURPHY, Kevin and Finis Welch, "The Structure of Wages," Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, (February 1992): 285326.

MYLES, J. and Picot, G, "What is Happening to Earnings Inequality in Canada?," mimeo, Statistics Canada, 1994.

PARSONS, D. "The Decline in Private Pension Coverage in the U.S.," Economics Letters 36 (1991): 419-23.

POLD, Henry, "Families and Moonlighting," Perspectives on Labour and Income 7 (Summer 1995): 7-9.

REICH, R B. The Work of Nations, New York: Vintage Books, 1992.

SCHMITT, John, "The Changing Structure of Male Earnings in Britain, 1974-88," in Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, edited by Richard B. Freeman, and Lawrence E Katz. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

SLAUGHTER, M. "Multinational Corporations, Outsourcing, and American Wage Divergence," NBER working paper no. 5253, September 1995.

SUNTER Deborah and Rene Morissette, "The Hours People Work," Perspectives on Labour and Income 6 (Autumn 1994): 813.

TOPEL, R. 'Time Series Evidence on the Sources of Trends in Wage Inequality," American Economic Review 84 (May 1994): 17-22.

WOOD, Adrian, North-South Trade, Employment, and Inequality, Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1994.

WORLD BANK, World Development Report 1995: Workers in an Integrating World, New York, Oxford University Press, 1995.

Unemployment

ADAMS, Charles, 1988, "Hysteresis Effects and Unemployment," in R Cross (ed.), Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis, (Oxford and New York Basil Blackwell), 392-6.

AKYEAMPONG, Ernest B. and Jennifer Winters, 1993, "International Employment Trends by Industry - A Note," Perspectives on Labour and Income, Summer, 33-7.

ALOGOSKOUFIS, George S. and Alan Manning, 1988, "On the Persistence of Unemployment," Economic Policy, 3, 428-69. (a)

ALOGOSKOUFIS, George S. and Alan Manning, 1988, 'Wage Setting and Unemployment Persistence in Europe, Japan and the U.S.A.," European Economic review, 32,698706. (b)

ARESTIS, Philip and Peter Skott, 1993, "Conflict, Wage Determination, and Hysteresis in U.K. Wage Determination," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 15, 365-86.

ASHENFELTER, Orley and David Card, 1986, "Why Have Unemployment Rates in Canada and the United States Diverged?," Economica, 53, s171-s195.

ATKINS, Frank, Christopher Bruce and Ian King, 1991, 'The Canadian Real Wage Phillips Curve: A Sectoral Shift Interpretation," University of Calgary Department of Economics Discussion Paper No.132, May.

BALL, Laurence, 1989, "A Model of Unemployment Persistence," Mimeo, Princeton University.

BALL, Laurence, 1990, "Insiders and Outsiders: A Review Essay," Journal of Monetary Economics, 26, 459-69.

BALL, Laurence, 1993, "What Determines the Sacrifice Ratio?" Working Paper No. 93-21, Princeton University.

BALL, Laurence, 1994, "Credible Disinflation with Staggered Price-Setting," American Economic Review, 84, 282-89.

BARNES, Ruth and Andre Picard, "Claims Received - A Leading Indicator?" In Unemployment Insurance Statistics, Annual Supplement to Statistics Canada 73-001 (monthly), Statistics Canada Labour Division, UI Statistics Section, Catalog 73-2025, pp.ll-16.

BARRO, Robert J., 1988, 'The Persistence of Unemployment," American Economic Review, (Papers and Proceedings), 78, 32-7.

BASSET, Penny, 1994, "Declining Female Labour Force Participation," Perspectives on Labour and Income, Summer, 36-9.

BEACH, Charles M. and Stephan E Kaliski, 1983, "Measuring the Duration of Unemployment from Gross Flow Data," Canadian Journal of Economics, 16, 25863.

BEAN, Charlie, 1994, "European Unemployment: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, 32, 573-619.

BEAUDRY, Paul and Gary Koop, 1993, "Do Recessions permanently Change Output?" Journal of Monetary Economics, 31, 149-63.

BELZIL, Christian, 1990, "A Duration Model of Unemployment and Job Search Outcomes," Concordia University Department of Economics Working Paper No. 1990- 11, June.

BLANCHARD, Olivier J., 1990, "Unemployment: Getting the Questions Right-and Some of the Answers," in J. H. Dreze and C. R. Bean (eds.), Europe's Unemployment Problem, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 6689.

BLANCHARD, Olivier J., 1991, 'Wage Bargaining and Unemployment Persistence," Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 23, 277-92.

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Peter Diamond, 1989, "The Beveridge Curve," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1989:1, l-60.

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Peter Diamond, 1990, "The Cyclical Behavior of the Gross Flows of U.S. Workers," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1990:2, 85143. (a)

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Peter Diamond, 1990, "The Aggregate Matching Function," in Diamond, l? (ed.), Growth / Productivity / Unemployment: Essays to Celebrate Bob Solow's Birthday, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 159- 201. (b)

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Peter Diamond, 1994, "Ranking, Unemployment Duration, and Wages," Review of Economic Studies, 61, 417-434.

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Lamente H. Summers, 1986, "Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem," in S. Fischer (ed.), NBER Macroeconomics Annual, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 1578.

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Lawrence H. Summers, 1987, "Fiscal Increasing Returns, Hysteresis, Real Wages and Unemployment," European Economic Review, 31, 543-66. (a)

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Lawrence H. Summers, 1987, "Hysteresis in Unemployment," European Economic Review, 31, 28895. (b)

BLANCHARD, Olivier J. and Lawrence H. Summers, 1988, "Beyond the Natural Rate Hypothesis," American Economic Review, (Papers and Proceedings), 78, 182-7.

BLANK, Rebecca and David Card, 1991, "Recent Trends in Insured and Uninsured Unemployment: Is There and Explanation?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 1157-89.

BLISS, Christopher, 1990, 'The Natural Rate of Unemployment in A Model with Trade Unions," Discussion Paper No. 54, Nuffield College, Oxford, September.

BROERSMA, Lourens and Philip Hans Franses, 1994, "Modeling Quarterly Unemployment in Canada," Mimeo, Econometric Institute, Erasmus University Rotterdam.

BRUNELLO, Giorgio, 1990, "Hysteresis and "The Japanese Unemployment Problem": A Preliminary Investigation," Oxford Economic Papers, 42,483- 500.

BURDA, Michael C., 1990, "Some Evidence on the Membership Hysteresis Hypothesis in Europe," in Wolfgang Franz, (ed.), Hysteresis Effects in Economic Models. Studies in Empirical Economics, (New York: Springer), 35-53.

BURDA, Michael and Charles Wyplosz, 1990, "Gross Labour Market Flows in Europe: Some Stylized Facts," Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 439, August.

BURNS, Andrew, 1990, "Unemployment in Canada, Frictional, Structural and Cyclical Aspects," Working Paper No. 1, Economic Council of Canada.

BURNS, Andrew, 1991, "The Natural Rate of Unemployment: Canada and the Provinces," in S. Gera (ed.), Canadian Unemployment: Lessons from the 80s and Challenges for the 90s, (Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada), 39-52. (4

BURNS, Andrew, 1991, "Regional Unemployment Disparity and Economic Structure," In S. Gera (ed.), Canadian Unemployment: Lessonsfrom the 80s and 'Challenges for the 90s, (Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada), 79-86. (b)

CARD, David and W. Craig Riddell, 1993, "A Comparative Analysis of Unemployment in Canada and the United States," in David Card and Richard B. Freeman (eds.), Small Differences that Matter: Labor Markets and Income Maintenance in Canada and the United States, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press and NBER), 149-89.

CARD, David and W. Craig Riddell, 1995, "Unemployment in Canada and the United States: A Further Analysis," Mimeo Princeton University, University of British Columbia.

CARRUTH, Alan A. and Andrew J. Oswald, 1988, "Testing for Multiple Natural Rates of Unemployment in the British Economy: A Preliminary Investigation," in R. Cross (ed.), Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis, (Oxford and New York Basil Blackwell), 232-55.

CHAWLA, Raj K., 1990, "Labour Force Participation: An International Comparison," Perspectives on Labour and Income, Winter, 62-70.

CHUI, Tina and Mary Sue Devereaux, 1995, "Canada's Newest Workers," Perspectives on Labour and Income, Spring, 17-23.

COE, David T, 1988, "Hysteresis Effects in Aggregate Wage Equations," in R. Cross (ed.), Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis, (Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell), 284-305.

COE, David T, 1990, "Insider-Outsider Influences on Industry Wages: Evidence from Fourteen Industrialized Countries," in Wolfgang Franz (ed.), Hysteresis Effects in Economic Models. Studies in Empirical Economics, (New York: Springer), 55-75.

COHEN, Gary L., 1991, 'Then and now: The Changing Face of Unemployment," Perspectives on Labour and Income, Spring, 37-45.

CORAK, Miles, 1990, 'The Duration of Unemployment and the Dynamics of Labour Sector Adjustment: Parametric Evidence from the Canadian Annual Work Patterns Survey, 1978-80,1982-85," Working Paper No.3, Economic Council of Canada.

CORAK, Miles, 1991, "Canadian Unemployment in Retrospect," in S. Gera (ed.), Canadian Unemployment: Lessons from the 80s and Challenges for the 90s, (Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada), 65-78. (a)

CORAK, Miles, 1991, "Traps and Vicious Circles: A Longitudinal Analysis of Participation in the Canadian Unemployment Insurance Program," Mimeo, Business and Labour Market Analysis Group, Statistic Canada, November. cb)

CORAK, Miles, 1991, "Unemployment comes of Age: The Demographics of Labour Sector Adjustment in Canada," in S. Gera (ed.), Canadian Unemployment: Lessonsfrom the 80s and Challenges for the 90s, (Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada), 89-98. (c)

CORAK, Miles, 1992, "Repeat Users of the Unemployment Insurance Program," Canadian Economic Observer, Statistics Canada 11-010, 3.1-3.25, January.

CORAK, Miles, 1993, "Is Unemployment Insurance Addictive? Evidence from the Benefit Durations of Repeat Users," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 47, 62-72. (a)

CORAK, Miles, 1993, "Unemployment Insurance Once Again: The Incidence of Repeat Participation in the Canadian UI Program," Canadian Public Policy, 19, 162-76. (b)

CORAK, Miles, 1993, "The Duration of Unemployment During Boom and Bust," Canadian Economic Observer, 4.1-4.20, September. (c)

CORAK, Miles, 1994, "Unemployment Insurance, Temporary Layoffs, and Recall Expectations," Canadian Economic Observer, 3.1-3.15, May. (a)

CORAK, Miles, 1994, "Unemployment Insurance, Work Disincentives, and the Canadian Labor Market: An Overview," in Christopher Green, Fred Lazar, Miles Corak, and Dominique Gross (eds.), Unemployment Insurance: How to Make it Work, The Social Policy Challenge Volume 2, (C.D. Howe Institute, Toronto), 86-159. (b)

CORAK, Miles and Stephen R G. Jones, 1995, "The Persistence of Unemployment: How Important were Regional Extended Unemployment Insurance Benefits?" Canadian Journal of Economics, 28,55567.

CÔTÉ, Michel, 1990, "The Labour Force in the '90s," Perspectives on Labour and Income, Spring, 8-16.

CÔTÉ, Michel and D. Hostland, 1994, "An Econometric Examination of the Trend Unemployment Rate in Canada," mimeo, Bank of Canada.

COZIER, Barry and Gordon Wilkinson, 1990, "How Large are the Costs of Disinflation in Canada?" Working Paper No. 90-6, Bank of Canada.

COZIER, Barry and Gordon Wilkinson, 1991, "Some Evidence on Hysteresis and the Costs of Disinflation in Canada," Technical Report No. 55, Bank of Canada.

CROSS, Rod (ed.), 1988, Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis, Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell.

CROSS, Rod, 1990, "Phelps, Hysteresis, and the Natural Rate of Unemployment," in John C. Wood and Ronald N.Woods, (eds.), Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments, (London and New York Routledge), 292-8. (a)

CROSS, Rod, 1990, "Hysteresis and Instability in the Natural Rate of Unemployment," in John C. Wood and Ronald N.Woods, (eds.), Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments, (London and New York: Routledge), 358-75. (b)

CROSS, Rod, 1993, "On the Foundations of Hysteresis in Economic Systems," Economics and Philosophy, Spring. (a)

CROSS, Rod, 1993, "Hysteresis and Post Keynesian Economics," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 15, 3058. (b)

CROSS, Rod and Andrew Allan, 1988, "On the History of Hysteresis," in R. Cross (ed.), Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis, (Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell), 2638.

CROSS, Rod and Harold Hutchinson, 1988, "Hysteresis Effects and Unemployment: An Outline," in R. Cross (ed.), Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis, (Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell), 3-7.

CROSS, Rod, Harold Hutchinson and Serena Yeoward, 1990, "The Natural Rate Hypothesis versus the Hysteresis Hypothesis: A Century of Prices and Unemployment in the US. and the U.K.," Weltwirtschafiliches Archiv, 126, 156-64. (a)

CROSS, Rod, Harold Hutchinson and Serena Yeoward, 1990, "The Natural Rate, Hysteresis, and the Duration Composition of Unemployment in the U.S." Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 29, 89-116. (b)

DEVEREAUX, Mary Sue, 1992, "Alternative Measures of Unemployment," Perspectives on Labour and Income, Winter, 3543.

DIEBOLD, EX. and G.D. Rudebusch, 1989, "Long Memory and Persistence in Aggregate Output," Journal of Monetary Economics, 24, 189-209.

DIXON, Huw, 1988, "Unions, Oligopoly and the Natural Range of Employment," Economic Journal, 98, 1127-47.

DRAZEN, Allan, 1979, "On Permanent Effects of Transitory Phenomena in a Simple Growth Model," Economics Letters, 3, 2530.

DRAZEN, Allan, 1985, "Cyclical Determinants of the Natural Level of Economic Activity," International Economic Review, 26, 387-97. (a)

DRAZEN, Allan, 1985, "State Dependence in Optimal Factor Accumulation," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100, 357-72. (b)

DRAZEN, Allan and Nils Gottfries, 1987, "Seniority Rules and the Persistence of Unemployment in a Dynamic Optimizing Model," Seminar Paper No. 387, Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm.

DRÈZE, Jacques H. and Charles R. Bean, (eds.) 1990, Europe's Unemployment Problem, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

DURLAUF, Steven N., 1989, "Output Persistence, Economic Structure, and the Choice of Stabilization Policy," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1989:2, 69-136.

DURLAUF, Steven N., 1991, "Multiple Equilibria and Persistence in Aggregate Fluctuations," American Economic Review, (Papers and Proceedings), 81, 70-4.

DURLAUF, Steven N., 1993, "Nonergodic Economic Growth," Review of Economic Studies, 60, 349-66.

ECONOMIC COUNCIL OF CANADA, 1990, Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: Employment in the Service Economy, Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada.

ELLIS, Christopher J. and Steinar Holden, 1991, "Hysteresis and the Seniority-Wage Relationship," Memorandum No. 9, Department of Economics, University of Oslo, November.

ELLWOOD, David T, 1982, "Teenage Unemployment: Permanent Stars or Temporary Blemishes?" in Richard B. Freeman and David Wise, (eds.), The Youth Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences, (NBER and University of Chicago Press), 349-85.

FERRALL, Christopher, 1994, "Unemployment Insurance and Youth Labor Market Behavior in Canada and the United States," Discussion Paper #904, Institute for Economic Research, Queen's University, July.

FLATEAU, Paul, Philip E.T. Lewis and Allison Rushton, 1991, "The Macroeconomic Consequences of Long-Term Unemployment," Australian Economic Review, 96, 48-56.

FORD, Robert and David Rose, 1989, "Estimates of the NAIRU using an Extended Okun's Law," Working Paper No. 89-3, Bank of Canada.

FORTIN, Pierre, 1988, "La Persistance du Chômage: Synthèse," L'Actualité Économique, 64, 545-58.

FORTIN, Pierre, 1989, "How 'Natural' is Canada's High Unemployment Rate?" European Economic Review, 33, 89-110.

FORTIN, Pierre, 1990, "Can the Costs of an Anti-Inflation Policy be Reduced?" in York, Robert C. (ed.), Taking Aim: The Debate on Zero Inflation, (Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute).

FORTIN, Pierre, 1991, 'The Phillips Curve, Macroeconomic Policy, and the Welfare of Canadians," Canadian Journal of Economics, 24, 774803.

FORTIN, Pierre, 1993, "The Unbearable Lightness of Zero-Inflation Optimism," Canadian Business Economics, Spring, 3-18.

FORTIN, Pierre, 1994, "Slow Growth, Unemployment and Debt: What Happened? What Can We Do?" in Thomas J. Courchene (ed.), Stabilization, Growth and Distribution: Linkages in the Knowledge Era, (Kingston, Ont.: John Deutsch Institute), 67-108.

FORTIN, Pierre, Manfred Keil and James Symons, 1994, "The Sources of Unemployment in Canada, 1963-1991: Evidence From a Panel of Regions and Demographic Groups," Mimeo, UQAM.

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