Climate Research Branch

Recent Publications from the Climate Research

[Journal Articles] [Book Chapters]

Journal Articles:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Abdella, K., and N. A. McFarlane, 2001: Modelling boundary-layer clouds with a statistical cloud scheme and a second-order turbulence closure. Boundary-Layer Meteor., 98, 387-410.

Agnew, T., and S. Howell, 2003: The use of operational ice charts for evaluating passive microwave ice concentration data. Atmos-Ocean , 41 (4), 317-331.

Arain, M.A., T.A. Black, A.G. Barr,T.J. Griffis,K. Morgenstern, and Z. Nesic, 2003: Year round observations of the energy and water vapour fluxes above a boreal black spruce forest. Hydrological Processes, 17, 3581-3600.

Arain, M.A.,  T.A. Black A.G. Barr, P.G. Jarvis, J.M. Massheder, D.L. Verseghy and Z. Nesic, 2002: Effect of seasonal and inter-annual climate variability on net ecosystem productivity of boreal deciduous and conifer forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 32, 878-891.

Arora, V.K.,2005: Comment on "Optimized stomatal conductance of vegetated land surfaces and its effects on simulated productivity and climate", by A. Kleidon. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(8), L08708, 10.1029/2004GL022110.

Arora, V.K.and G.J. Boer, 2005: A parameterization of leaf phenology for the terrestrial ecosystem component of climate models.Global Change Biology, 11(1), 39-59.

Arora, V.K.,2003: Simulating energy and carbon fluxes over winter wheat using coupled land surface and terrestrial ecosystem models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 118(1-2), 21-47.

Arora, V.K.and G.J. Boer, 2003: A representation of variable root distribution in dynamic vegetation models. Earth Interactions, 7(6), 19.

Arora, V.K.and G.J. Boer, 2003: The temporal variability of soil moisture and surface hydrological quantities. CAS/JSC WGNE Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, Report No. 33, May 2003, WMO/TD No. 1161, pp. 7.1-7.2

Arora, V.K., 2002: Modelling vegetation as a dynamic component in soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer schemes and hydrological models. Reviews of Geophysics,40(2), 1006, 10.1029/2001RG000103.

Arora, V.K., 2002: The use of aridity index to assess climate change effect on annual runoff. J. Hydrol., 265(1-4), 164-177. 

Arora, V.K.,and G.J. Boer, 2002: A GCM-based assessment of simulated global moisture budget and the role of land-surface moisture reservoirs in processing precipitation. Climate Dynamics, 20(1), 13-29.

Arora, V.K.,2001: Assessment of simulated water balance for continental-scale river basins in an AMIP II simulation. J. Geophy. Res., 106(D14), 14827-14842.

Arora, V.K.,2001: Streamflow simulations for continental scale river basins in a global atmospheric general circulation model. Advances in Water Resources,24(7), 775-791.

Arora, V.K.,and G.J. Boer, 2001: Effects of simulated climate change on the hydrology of major river basins. J. Geophy. Res., 106 (D4), 3335-3348.

Arora, V.K.,and G.J. Boer, 2001: Moisture processing at the land surface in CCCma AGCM3, CAS/JSC WGNE Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, Report No. 31, April 2001, WMO/TD No. 1064, pp. 7.1-7.2

Arora, V.K.,F.H.S. Chiew, and R.B. Grayson, 2001: Effect of sub-grid scale variability of soil moisture and precipitation intensity on surface runoff and streamflow, J. Geophy. Res., 106(D15), 17073-17091.

Arora, V.K.,F. Seglenieks, N. Kouwen, and E. Soulis, 2001: Scaling aspects of river flow routing. Hydrological Processes, 15(3), 461-477.

Arora, V.K.,and G.J. Boer,2000: The effects of simulated climate change on the hydrology of major river basins. CAS/JSC WGNE Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, Report No. 30, February 2000, WMO/TD No. 987, pp. 7.1-7.2.

Arora, V.K.,F.H.S. Chiew, and R.B. Grayson, 2000: Use of river runoff to test the CSIRO9 land surface scheme in the Amazon and the Mississippi River Basins. Intl. J. of Climatology, 20(10), 1077-1096.

B

Bailey, W.G., I.R. Saunders, J.D. Bowers and D.L. Verseghy,2000: Application of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme to a full canopy crop during a drying cycle. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38(1), 57-80.

Ballabrera-Poy, J., R.G. Murtugudde, J.R. Christian,and A.J. Busalacchi, 2003: Signal-to-noise ratios of observed monthly tropical ocean color. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, doi: 10.1029/2003GL016995

Barber, D.G., J. Iacozza and A.E. Walker, 2003: Estimation of snow water equivalent using microwave radiometry over Arctic first-year sea ice. Hydrological Processes, 17, 3503-3517.

Barker, H. W., J. Li etc., 2003: Assessing 1D atmospheric solar radiative transfer models: interpretation and handing of unresolved clouds. Journal of Climate, 16, 2676-2699.

Barr, A.G.,T.A. Black, E.H. Hogg, N. Kljun, K. Morgenstern, Z. Nesic, , 2004: Inter-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production. Agric. For. Meteorol.,126,237-255.

Barr, A.G.,T.J. Griffis; T.A. Black, X. Lee, R.M. Staebler, J.D. Fuentes, Z. Chen and K. Morgenstern, 2002: Comparing the carbon balances of boreal and temperate deciduous forest stands. Can. J. Forest Research, 32,813-822.

Barr, A.G., A.K. Betts, T.A. Black, J.H. McCaughey and C.D. Smith, 2001: Intercomparison of BOREAS northern and southern study area surface fluxes in 1994. J. Geophys. Res., 106(33), 543-33.550.

Barr, A.G., G van der Kamp, R. Schmidt, T.A. Black, 2000: Monitoring the moisture balance of a boreal aspen forest using a deep groundwater piezometer. Agr. For. Meteor., 102(1), 13-24.

Bartlett, P.A., J.H. McCaughey, P.M. Lafleur and D.L. Verseghy, 2003: Modelling evapotranspiration at three boreal forest stands using the CLASS: Tests of parameterizations for canopy conductance and soil evaporation. Int. J. of Climatology, 23, 427-451.

Bartlett, P.A., J.H. McCaughey, P.M. Lafleur and D.L. Verseghy,2002: A comparison of the mosaic and aggregated canopy frameworks for representing surface heterogeneity in the Canadian boreal forest using CLASS: A soil perspective. J. of Hydrology, 266,15-39.

Bartlett, P.A., J.H. McCaughey, P.M. Lafleur and D.L. Verseghy, 2000: Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme at temperate aspen-birch and mixed forests, and a boreal young jack pine forest: Tests involving canopy conductance parameterizations. Atmosphere-Ocean,38(1),113-140.

Belair, S., R. Brown, J. Mailhot, B. Bilodeau, and L.-P. Crevier, 2003:  Operational implementation of the ISBA land surface scheme in the Canadian regional weather forecast model.  Part II:  Cold season results. J. Hydromet., 4Bellisario, L.M., L.D. Boudreau, D.L. Verseghy, W.R. Rouse and P.D. Blanken, 2000:  Comparing the performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) for two subarctic terrain types. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 181-204.

Bitz, C.M., J.C. Fyfe, and G.M. Flato,2002: Sea ice response to wind forcing from AMIP models. J. Climate,15, 522-536.

Black, T.A., W.J. Chen, A.G. Barr,M.A. Arain, Z. Chen, Z. Nesic, E.H. Hogg, H.H. Neumann, and P.C.Yang, 2000: Increased carbon sequestration by a boreal deciduous forest in years with a warm spring. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1271-1274.

Blanken, P.D.,  W.R. Rouse, A.D. Culf, C. Spence, L.D. Boudreau, J.N. Jasper, B. Kochtubajda, W.M. Schertzer, P. Marsh and D. Verseghy, 2000:  Eddy covariance measurements of evaporation from Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. Water Resources Research, 36, 1069-1077.

Boer, G.J., B. Yu, S.-J. Kim, and G.M. Flato, 2004: Is there observational support for an El Niño-like pattern of future global warming? Geophys. Res. Lett, 31, l06201, doi:10.1029/2003GL018722.

Boer, G.J., 2003: Predicability as a function of scale. Atmo-Ocean, 41(3), 203-215.

Boer, G.J., and B. Yu, 2003: Dynamical aspects of climate sensitivity. Geophys. Res. Lett, 30(3), 35-1 to 35-4.

Boer, G.J., and B. Yu, 2003: Climate sensitivity and climate state. Climate Dynamics, 21, 167-176.

Boer, G.J.,and B. Yu, 2003: Climate sensitivity and climate response. Climate Dynamics, 20, 415-429.

Boer, G.J.,S. Fourest and B. Yu, 2001: The signature of the annular modes in the moisture budget. J. of Climate, 14,3655-3665.

Boer, G.J. and S.J. Lambert, 2001: Second order space-time climate difference statistics. Climate Dynamics, 17, 213-218.

Boer, G. J., 2000: A study of atmosphere-ocean predictability on long timescales. Climate Dynamics, 16(6), 469-477.

Boer, G. J., 2000: Simulating future climate. Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System, 489-504.

Boer, G. J., 2000: Climate model intercomparison. Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System, 443-464.

Boer, G. J., 2000: Analysis and verification of model climate. Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System, 59-82.

Boer, G. J., G. Flato and D. Ramsden, 2000: A transient climate change simulation with greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing: projected climate for the 21st century. Climate Dynamics, 16(6), 427-450.

Boer, G. J., G. Flato, M.C. Reader and D. Ramsden, 2000: A transient climate change simulation with greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing: experimental design and comparison with the instrumental record for the 20th century. Climate Dynamics, 16(6), 403-425.

Bonsal, B.R., A.Shabbar, and K. Higuchi, 2001: Impacts of low frequency variability modes on Canadian winter temperature. Int. J. Climatol., 21(1) 95-108.

Bonsal, B.R., X. Zhang, L.A. Vincent and W.D. Hogg, 2000: Characteristics of daily and extreme temperatures over Canada. Journal of Climate, 14, 1959-1976.

Boone, A., F. Habets, J. Noilhan, D. Clark, P. Dirmeyer, S. Fox, Y. Gusev, I. Haddeland, R. Koster, D. Lohmann, S. Mahanama, K. Mitchell, O. Nasonova, G.-Y. Niu, A. Pitman, J. Polcher, A.B. Shmakin, K. Tanaka, B. van den Hurk, S. Verant, D. Verseghy, P. Viterbo and Z.-L. Yang, 2004: The Rhone-aggregation land surface scheme intercomparison project: an overview. Journal of Climate, 17, 187-208

Bowling, L.C., D.P. Lettenmaier, B. Nijssen, L.P. Graham, D.B. Clark, M. El Maayar, R.Essery, S. Goers, Y.M. Gusev, F. Habets, B. v.d. Hurk, J. Jing, D. Kahan, D. Lohmann, X. Ma, S. Mahanama, D. Mocko, O. Nasonova, G.-Y. Niu, P. Samuelsson, A.B. Shmakin, K. Takata, D. Verseghy, P. Viterbo, Y. Xia, Y.K. Xue, Z.-L.. Yang, 2003: Simulation of high latitude hydrological processes in the Torne-Kalix basin, PILPS phase 2(e), 1: Experiment description and summary intercomparisons. Global and Planetary Change, 38, 1-30.

Brown, R.D., B. Brasnett and D. Robinson, 2003: Gridded North American monthly snow depth and snow water equivalent for GCM evaluation. Atmos.-Ocean, 41, 1-14.

Brown, R.D., 2000: Northern Hemisphere snow cover variability and change, 1915-1997.  J. Climate, 13, 2339-2355.

Bussières, N., W.M. Schertzer, 2003: The evolution of AVHRR-derived water temperatures over lakes in the Mackenzie Basin and hydrometeorological applications.J. Hydromet., 4(4), 660–672.

Bussières, N., D. Verseghy, and J.I. MacPherson, 2002: The evolution of AVHRR-derived water temperature over boreal lakes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 80(3), 373-384.

Bussières, N., 2002: Thermal features of the Mackenzie basin from NOAA AVHRR observations for summer 1994. Atmosphere-Ocean, 40(2), 233-244.

C

Caires, S., A. Sterl, G. Komen, and V. Swail, 2004: The web-based KNMI/ERA-40 global wave climatology atlas. World Meteorological Organization Bulletin, 53(2), 142-146.

Caires, S., A. Sterl, G. Komen, and V. Swail, 2004: Wave climate and its change--The KNMI/ERA-40 wave atlas. CLIVAR Exchanges, 30, 27-29.

Caires, S., A. Sterl, J.-R.Bidlot, N. Graham and V. Swail, 2004: Intercomparison of different wind wave reanalyses. J. Climate, 17(10), 1893-1913.

Cao, Z., R.E. Stewart and W. Hogg, 2001: Extreme winter warming events over the Mackenzie basin: dynamic and thermodynamic contributions. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79(3), 785-804.

Chaffey, J. and J.C. Fyfe, 2001: Arctic polar vortex variability in the Canadian middle atmosphere model. Atmos.-Ocean,39,457-469.

Chen, J.M., W. Ju, J. Cihlar, B. Amiro, D. Price, J. Liu, W. Chen, J. Pan, A. Black, and A. Barr,  2003: Spatial distribution of carbon sources and sinks in Canada’s forests based on remote sensing. Tellus, 55B, 622-641.

Christian, J.R.,2005: Biogeochemical cycling in the oligotrophic ocean: Redfield and non-Redfield models. Limnology and Oceanography, 50,646-657

Christian, J.R.,R. Murtugudde, J. Ballabrera-Poy, J., and C.R. McClain, 2004: A ribbon of dark water: phytoplankton blooms in the meanders of the Pacific north equatorial countercurrent, Deep-Sea Research II, 51,209-228.

Christian, J.R.,and R. Murtugudde, 2003: Tropical Atlantic variability in a coupled physical-biogeochemical ocean model. Deep-Sea Research II, 50,2947-2969.

Christian, J.R.,M.A. Verschell, R. Murtugudde, A.J. Busalacchi, and C.R. McClain, 2002:  Biogeochemical modelling of the tropical Pacific Ocean. II, Iron biogeochemistry. Deep-Sea Research II,49,545-565.

Christian, J.R.,M.A. Verschell, R. Murtugudde, A.J. Busalacchi, and C.R. McClain, 2002: Biogeochemical modelling of the tropical Pacific Ocean. I. Seasonal and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 509-543.

Comer, N.T., P.M. Lafleur, N.T. Roulet, M.G. Letts, M.R. Skarupa and D.L. Verseghy, 2000:  A test of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) for a variety of wetland types. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 161-179.

Covey, C., A. Abe-Ouchi, G.J. Boer, B.A. Boville, U. Cubasch, L. Fairhead, G.M. Flato, plus 16 others. 2000: The seasonal cycle in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. Climate Dynamics, 16(10), 775-787.

Cox, A.T., and V.R. Swail, 2001: A Global wave hindcast over the period 1958-1997: validation and climate assessment. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (C2), 2313-2329.

Croft, B., U. Lohmann, and K. von Salzen,2005: Black carbon ageing in the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis atmospheric general circulation model. Atmos. Chem. Phys.,5,1931-1949.

D

Davey, M.K., M. Huddleston, K.R. Sperber, P. Braconnot, F. Bryan, D. Chen, R.A. Colman, C. Cooper, U. Cubasch, P. Delecluse, D. DeWitt, L. Fairhead, G. Flato and 24 others, 2002: STOIC: A study of coupled model climatology and variability in tropical ocean regions. Climate Dynamics,18, 403-420.

de Leeuw, G., L. Cohen, L. M. Frohn, G. Geernaert, O. Hertel, B. Jensen, T. Jickells, L. Klein, G. J. Kunz, S. Lund, M. Moerman, F. Müller, B. Pedersen, K. von Salzen, K. H. Schlünzen, M. Schulz, C. A. Skjoth, L.-L. Sorensen, L. Spokes, S. Tamm, and E. Vignati, 2001: Atmospheric input of nitrogen into the North Sea: ANICE project overview. Continental Shelf Res., 21, 2073-2094.

De Sève, D.,  M. Bernier, J.-P. Fortin, and A.E. Walker, 2001: Estimation de l’équivalent en eau de la neige dans un milieu de taïga à l’aide des données. SSM/I. Télédetection,  2(1), 13-28.

Delage, Y., P.A. Bartlett and J.H. McCaughey, 2002: Study of ‘soft’ night-time surface-layer decoupling over forest canopies in a land-surface model. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 103, 253-276.

Denman, K.L.,2003: Modelling planktonic ecosystems: parameterizing complexity. Progress in Oceanography, 57, 429-452.

Denman, K.L., and M.A. Peña, 2002: The response of two coupled 1-D mixed layer / planktonic ecosystem models to climate change in the NE Subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 5739-5757.

Derksen, C., A. Walker, and B. Goodison, 2005: Evaluation of passive microwave snow water equivalent retrievals across the boreal forest/tundra transition of western Canada. Remote Sens. Environ., 96(3/4), 315-327.

Derksen, C., A. Walker, B. Goodison, J.W. Strapp, 2005: Integrating in-situ and multiscale passive microwave data for estimation of subgrid scale snow water equivalent distribution and variability. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 43(5), 960-972.

Derksen, C., R. Brown, and A. Walker, 2004: Merging conventional (1915-1992) and passive microwaves (1978-2002) estimates of snow extent and water equivalent over central North America. J. Hydromet., 5, 850-861.

Derksen, C., and A.E. Walker, 2003: Identification of systematic bias in the cross-platform (SMMR and SSM/I) EASE-grid brightness temperature time series. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41(4), 910-915.

Derksen, C., A. Walker, and B. Goodison, 2003: A comparison of 18 winter seasons of in situ and passive microwave-derived snow water equivalent estimates in Western Canada. Remote Sens. Environ., 88, 271-282.

Derksen, C., A. Walker, E. LeDrew and B. Goodison, 2003: Combining SMMR and SSM/I data for time series analysis of central North American snow water equivalent. J. Hydromet., 4, 304-316.

Derksen C., A. Walker, E. LeDrew, and B. Goodison, 2002: Time series analysis of passive microwave derived central North American snow water equivalent imagery. Annals of Glaciology, 34, 1-7.

Derksen, C., E. LeDrew, A. Walker, and B. Goodison, 2000: Winter season variability in North American Prairie SWE distribution and atmospheric circulation. Hydrol. Process., 14, 3273-3290.

Derksen, C., E. LeDrew, A. Walker, and B. Goodison, 2000: Influence of sensor overpass time on passive microwave-derived snow cover parameters. Remote Sens. Environ., 71, 297-308.

Derksen, C., E. LeDrew, and B. Goodison, 2000: Temporal and spatial variability of North American prairie snow cover (1988-1995) inferred from passive microwave-derived snow water equivalent imagery.Water Resources Research, 36(1), 255-266.

Derome, J., G. Brunet, A. Plante, N. Gagnon, G.J. Boer, F.W. Zwiers, S.J. Lambert, J. Sheng and H. Ritchie, 2001: Seasonal predictions based on two dynamical models, Atmosphere-Ocean, 39(4), 485-501.

Dobbie, J. S., J. Li, R. Harvey and P. Chýlek, 2003: Sea-salt optical properties and GCM forcing at solar wavelengths. Atmospheric Research, 65 (special issue for aerosol), 211-233.

Donachie, S.P., J.R. Christian, and D.M. Karl, 2001: Nutrient regulation of bacterial production and ectoenzyme activities in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 48, 1719-1732.

Drolet, G.G., K.F. Huemmrich, F.G. Hall, E.M. Middleton, T.A. Black, A.G. Barr, and H.A. Margolis, 2005: A MODIS-derived photochemical reflectance index to detect inter-annual variations in the photosynthetic light-use efficiency of a boreal deciduous forest. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 98, 212-224.

Ducré-Robitaille, J.-F., L.A. Vincent and G. Boulet, 2003: Comparison of techniques for detection of discontinuities in temperature series. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 1087-1101.

Duguay, C.R., G.M. Flato,M.O. Jeffries, P. Ménard, K. Morris, and W.R. Rouse, 2003: Ice cover variability on shallow lakes at high latitudes: model simulations and observations. Hydrological Processes, 17(17): 3465-3483.

Dumas, J.A., G.M. Flatoand A.J. Weaver, 2003: The impact of varying atmospheric forcing on the thickness of Arctic multi-year sea ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 1918, doi:10.1029/2003GL017433.

E

Erickson, D.J., J.L. Hernandez, P. Ginoux, W.W. Gregg, C. McClain, and J. Christian, 2003: Atmospheric iron delivery and surface oceanic biological activity in the Southern Ocean and Patagonian region. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017241

Etchevers, P., E. Martin, R. Brown, C. Fierz, Y. Lejeune, E. Bazile, A. Boone, Y-J. Dai, R. Essery, A. Fernandez, Y. Gusev, R. Jordan, V. Koren, E. Kowalczyk, N.O. Nasonova, R.D. Pyles, A. Schlosser, A.B. Shmakin, T.G. Smirnova, U. Strasser, D. Verseghy, T. Yamazaki and Z.-L. Yang, 2003: Validation of the energy budget of an alpine snowpack simulated by several snow models (SnowMIP project). Ann. Glaciol., 38,150–158.

Etkin, D., S.E. Brun, A. Shabbar, P. Joe, 2001: Tornado climatology of Canada revisited: tornado activity during different phases of ENSO. Int. J. Climatol. 21(8), 915-938.

Evans, W.F.J., E. Puckrin and J. Liand H. Lavoie, 2004: Comparison of clear-sky surface radiative fluxes simulated with radiative transfer models. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing ,30, 903-912.

F

Feng, J., H.G. Leighton, M.D. MacKay, 2003: Radiation budgets in the Mackenzie River Basin: an evaluation of the Canadian Regional Climate Model. J. Hydromet., 4, 731-747.

Feng, J., H.G. Leighton, M.D. MacKay, N. Bussières, R. Hollmann, and R. Stuhlmann, 2002:  A comparison of solar radiation budgets in the Mackenzie River basin from satellite measurements and a regional climate model. Atmosphere-Ocean, 40(2), 221-232.

Flannigan, M.D., Logan, K.A., Amiro, B.D., Skinner, W.R. and Stocks, B.J., 2005: Future area burned in Canada, Climatic Change, 72, 1-16.

Flato, G.M.and CMIP contributors, 2004: Sea-ice climate and sensitivity as simulated by global climate models,. Climate Dynamics, 23,229-241.

Flato, G.M.and G.J. Boer, 2001: Warming asymmetry in climate change simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 195-198.

Flato, G.M., G.J. Boer,W.G. Lee, N.A. McFarlane, D. Ramsden, M.C. Reader, and A.J. Weaver, 2000: The Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis Global Coupled Model and its Climate. Climate Dynamics, 16, 451-467.

Fomichev, V., W.Ward, A. Beagley, C. McLandress, J.McConnell, N. McFarlane, and T.Shepherd, 2002: The extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model: Zonal-mean climatology and physical parameterizations. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D10), 10.1029/2001JD000479.

Frei, A., R. Brown, J.A. Miller, and D.A. Robinson, 2005: Snow mass over North America: observations and results from the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-2). J. Hydromet., 6, 681–695.

Fyfe, J.C.and D. Lorenz, 2005: Characterizing zonal wind variability: Lessons from a simple GCM. Journal of Climate, 18, 3400-3404.

Fyfe, J.C.and O.A. Saenko, 2005: Human-induced change in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Journal of Climate, 18, 3068-3073.

Fyfe, J.C.,2003: Extratropical Southern Hemisphere cyclones: Harbingers of climate change? Journal of Climate, 16, 2802-2805.

Fyfe, J.C.,2003: Separating extratropical zonal wind variability and mean change. Journal of Climate, 16, 863-874.

G

Gargett, A.E., W.J. Merryfield, and G. Holloway, 2003: Direct numerical simulation of differential scalar diffusion in three-dimensional stratified turbulence. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33, 1758-1782.

Gillett, N.P., A.J. Weaver, F.W. Zwiers, and M.D. Flannigan, 2004: Detecting the effect of climate on Canadian forest fires. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(18), L18211.

Gillett, N.P., A.J. Weaver, F.W. Zwiers, and M.F. Wehner, 2004: Detection of volcanic influence on global precipitation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(12), L12217.

Gillett, N.P., F.W. Zwiers, A.J. Weaver, and P.A. Stott, 2003: Detection of human influence on sea-level pressure. Nature, 422, 292-294.

Gillett, N.P., F.W. Zwiers, A.J. Weaver, G.C. Hegerl, M.R. Allen, and P.A. Stott, 2002: Detecting anthropogenic influence with multi-model ensemble. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 31-1 to 31-4.

Goita, K., A.E. Walker and B.E. Goodison, 2003: Algorithm development for the estimation of snow water equivalent in the boreal forest using passive microwave data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(5), 1097-1102.

Gong, S. L., L.A. Barrie, J.-P. Blanchet, K. von Salzen, U. Lohmann, G. Lesins, L. Spacek, L.M. Zhang, E. Girard, H. Lin, R. Leaitch, H. Leighton, P. Chylek, and P. Huang, 2003: Canadian aerosol module: A size segregated simulation of atmospheric aerosol processes for climate and air quality models: 1. Module Development. J. Geophys. Res., 108( D1), 4007, doi:10.1029/2001JD002002.

Goyette, S., N.A. McFarlane,and G.M. Flato, 2000: Application of the Canadian Regional Climate Model to the Laurentian Great Lakes region: Implementation of a lake model. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 481-503.

Grant R.F., A. Arain, V. Arora,A. Barr, T.A. Black, J. Chen, S. Wang, F. Yuan, and Y. Zhang, 2005: Intercomparison of techniques to model high temperature effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal coniferous forests. Ecological Modelling, 188(2-4), 217-252.

Gregory, J. M., O. A. Saenko and A. J. Weaver, 2003: The role of the Atlantic freshwater balance in the hysteresis of the meridional overturning circulation. Climate Dynamics, 21, 707-717.

Gregory, J.M., J. Church, G.J. Boer,K. Dixon, G. Flato,D.Jackett, J. Lowe, S. O'Farrel and R. Stouffer, 2001: Comparison of results from several AOGCMs for global and regional sea-level change 1900-2100. Clim. Dyn. 18, 225-240.

Griffis, T.J., T.A. Black, D. Gaumont-Guay, G.B. Drewitt, Z. Nesic, A.G. Barr, K. Morgenstern, and N. Kljun, 2004: Seasonal variation and partitioning of ecosystem respiration in a southern boreal aspen forest.  Agric. For. Meteorol., 125, 207-223.

Griffis, T.J., T.A. Black, K. Morgenstern, A.G. Barr, Z. Nesic, G. Drewitt, D. Gaumont-Guay, and J.H. McCaughey, 2003: Ecophysiological controls on the carbon balances of three southern boreal forests. Agric. For. Met. 117, 53-71.

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Haigh, S.A., K.L. Denman, and W.W. Hsieh, 2001: Simulation of the planktonic ecosystem response to pre- and post-1976 forcing in an isopycnic model of the North Pacific. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58, 703-722.

Hanesiak, J. and X.L. Wang, 2005: Adverse weather trends in the Canadian Arctic. J. Climate, 18 (16), 3140-3156.

Hegerl, G.C., F.W. Zwiers,P.A. Stott and V.V. Kharin, 2004: Detectability of anthropogenic changes in temperature and precipitation extremes. Journal of Climate, 17,3683-3700.

Higuchi, K., C.W. Yuen, and A. Shabbar, 2000: Ice Storm '98 in southcentral Canada and northeastern United States: A climatological perspective. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 66, 61-79.

Holzer, M. and G.J. Boer, 2001: Simulated changes in atmospheric transport climate. J. of Climate,14,4398-4420.

Hsu, C.J., and F.W. Zwiers, 2001: Climate change in recurrent regimes and modes of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106 (D17), 20145-20159.

Hudak, D., B. Currie, R. Stewart,P. Rodriguez, J. Burford, N. Bussières, and B. Kochtubajda, 2004: Weather systems occurring over Fort Simpsom, Northwest Territories, Canada, during three seasons of 1998-1999: 1. Cloud features. J. Geophys. Res., 109(D22) 108, doi:10.1029/2004JD004876.

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IDAG (International ad hoc Detection and Attribution Group), 2005: Detecting and attributing external influences on the climate system: A review of recent advances. Journal of Climate,18,1291-1314.

Iwashita, H., N. Saigusa, S. Murayama, J.H. McCaughey, T.A. Black, A.G. Barr, K. Higuchi and S. Yamamoto, 2005: Effects of soil water content on carbon dioxide flux at a sparse-canopy forest in the Canadian boreal ecosystem. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology (Japan), 61, 131-142.

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Karoly, D.J., J.F.B. Mitchell, M. Allen, G. Hegerl, J. Marengo, and F. Zwiers,2003: Comment on Soon et al. (2001) 'Modeling climatic effects of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions: unknowns and uncertainties'.  Clim. Res., 24, 91-92.

Kim, S.-J., G.M. Flato, G.J. Boer, 2003: A coupled climate model simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum, Part 2: Approach to equilibrium. Climate Dynamics, 20, 635-661.

Kim, S.-J., G.M. Flato, G.J. Boerand N.A. McFarlane, 2002: A coupled climate model simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum, Part 1: Transient multi-decadal response. Climate Dynamics, 19, 515-537.

Kharin, V.V.,and F.W. Zwiers, 2005: Estimating extremes in transient climate change simulations. Journal of Climate, 18, 1156-1173.

Kharin, V.V.,and F.W. Zwiers, 2003: Improved seasonal probability forecasts. Journal of Climate, 16, 1684-1701.

Kharin, V.V., and F.W. Zwiers, 2003: On the ROC score of probability forecasts. Journal of Climate, 16, 4145-4150.

Kharin, V.V.and F.W. Zwiers, 2002: Climate predictions with multi-model ensembles. Journal of Climate, 15, 793-799.

Kharin, V.V.,and F.W. Zwiers, 2001: Skill as a function of time scale in two ensembles of seasonal forecasts. Climate Dynamics, 17, 127-141.

Kharin, V.V., F.W. Zwiers and N. Gagnon, 2001: Skill of seasonal hindcasts as a function of the ensemble size. Climate Dynamics, 17, 835-843.

Kharin, V.V.,and F.W. Zwiers, 2000: Changes in the extremes in an ensemble of transient climate simulation with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM. Journal of Climate,13, 3760-3788.

Korotaev, G. K., O. A. Saenko, and C. J. Koblinsky, 2001: Satellite altimetry observations of the Black Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 106(C1), 917-933.

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Kreyscher, M., M. Harder, P. Lemke and G.M. Flato, 2000: Results of the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project: Evaluation of sea-ice rheology schemes for use in climate simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 105(C5), 11299-11320.

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Lafleur, P.M., M.R. Skarupa and D.L. Verseghy, 2000: Validation of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) for a subarctic open woodland. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 205-225.

Lambert, S.J.and G.J. Boer, 2001: CMIP1 evaluation and intercomparison of coupled climate models. Clim. Dyn., 17, 83-106.

Latif, M., K. Sperber, J. Arblaster, P. Braconnot, D. Chen, A. Colman, U. Cubasch, C. Cooper, P. Delecluse, D. Dewitt, L. Fairhead, G. Flato, and 22 others, 2002: ENSIP: The El Nino simulation intercomparison project. Climate Dynamics, 18, 255-276.

Lawrimore, J., .R. Heim, M. Svoboda, V. Swail, P. Englehart, 2002: Beginning a new era of drought monitoring across North America. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 83(8), 1191–1192.

Lee, T.C.K., F.W. Zwiers, G.C. Hegerl, X. Zhang, M. Tsao, 2005: A Bayesian climate change detection and attribution assessment. J. Climate, 18, 2429-2440.

Letts, M.G.,  N.T. Roulet, N.T. Comer, M.R. Skarupa and D.L. Verseghy, 2000:  Parametrization of peatland hydraulic properties for the Canadian Land Surface Scheme. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 141-160.

Li, J.J. S. Dobbie, P. Räisänen, and Q. Min., 2005: Accounting for unresolved cloud in solar radiation. Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 131,1607-1629.

Li, J.and H. W. Barker, 2005: A radiation algorithm with correlated k-distribution. Part I: local thermal equilibrium. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 62, 286-309

Li, J.and Q. Min, 2002: Parameterization of the optical properties of sulfate aerosols in the infrared. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 59, 3130-3140.

Li, J.,2002: Accounting for unresolved clouds in a 1D infrared radiative transfer code. Part I: Solution for radiative transfer, cloud scattering and overlap. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 59, 3302-3320.

Li, J.and G. J. Boer, 2002: Corrigendum, Journal of Atmospheric Science, 59, 2883.

Li, J.and H. W. Barker, 2002: Accounting for unresolved clouds in a 1D infrared radiative transfer code. Part II: Cloud subgrid-scale variability. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 59, 3321-3339.

Li, J.,J. G. Wong, J. S. Dobbie and P. Chýlek, 2001: Parameterization of the optical properties and growth of sulfate aerosols. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 58, 193-209.

Li, J.and Q. Fu, 2000: Absorption approximation with scattering effect for infrared radiation. Journal of Atmospheric Science,57, 2905-2914.

Li, J.,2000: Accounting for overlap of fractional cloud in infrared radiation.  Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 126, 3325-3342.

Li, J., 2000: Gaussian quadrature and its application to infrared radiation. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 57, 753-765.

Li, J.and G. J. Boer, 2000: The continuity equation for the stratospheric aerosol and its characteristic curves. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 57, 442 - 451.

Li, Ming, A.E. Gargett, and K.L. Denman, 2000: What determines seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton and zooplankton in strongly estuarine systems? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 50, 467-488.

Lindner, T. H. and J. Li.,2000: Parameterization of the optical properties for water clouds in the infrared. Journal of Climate, 13, 1797-1805.

Liu, J., R.E. Stewart, and K.K. Szeto, 2004: Moisture transport and other hydrometeorogical features associated with the severe 2000/2001 drought over western and central Canadian Prairies. J. Climate, 17, 305-319.

Liu, J., H.-R. Cho and R.E. Stewart, 2002: Characteristics of water vapor transportation over the Mackenzie River basin during the 1994-95 water year. Atmos.-Ocean, 40(2), 101-111.

Lorant, V., N. McFarlane, and R. Laprise, 2002: A numerical study using the Canadian Regional Climate Model for the PIDCAP period.  Boreal Environmental Research, 7, 203- 210.

Louie, P., W.D. Hogg, M.D. MacKay, X. Zhang, and R. Hopkinson, 2002: The water balance climatology of the Mackenzie Basin with reference to the 1994/95 water year. Atmosphere-Ocean, 40(2), 159-180.

Lozano, I., and V. Swail, 2002: The link between wave height variability in the North Atlantic and the storm track activity in the last four decades. Atmos.-Ocean, 40(4), 377-388.

Lucas-Picher, P., V.K. Arora, D. Caya, and R. Laprise, 2003: Implementation of a large-scale variable velocity flow routing algorithm in the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM). Atmosphere-Ocean, 41(2), 139-153.

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Ma, X.Y., and G.L. Ji, 2000: Analysis cloud radiative forcing in China using ERBE data. Plateau Meteorology, 19(2), 150-158.

Ma, X.Y., and G.L. Ji, 2000: On the absorption of solar radiation by clouds over China. Chinese Atmosphere Sciences, 24(4), 527-540.

Macdonald, R.W., T. Harner and J.C. Fyfe, 2004: Recent climate change in the Arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal trends. The Science of the Total Environment, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.059.

MacKay, M.D.,  F. Seglenieks, D. Verseghy, E.D. Soulis, K.R. Snelgrove, A. Walker, and K. Szeto, 2003: Modeling Mackenzie Basin surface water balance during CAGES with the Canadian Regional Climate Model. J. Hydromet., 4, 748-767.

MacKay, M.D., K. Szeto, D. Verseghy, E. Chan, N. Bussières, 2002: Mesoscale circulations and surface energy balance during snowmelt in high resolution simulations of a Regional Climate Model. Nordic Hydrology, 34, 91-106.

MacKay, M.D., 2000: A modified pool permutation procedure for short regional climate model simulations nested within analyzed fields. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(16), 2525-2528.

Majorowicz, J.A., S. Grasby, G. Ferguson, J. Safanda and W. Skinner, 2005: Paleoclimatic reconstructions in Western Canada from subsurface temperatures: consideration of groundwater flow. Climate of the Past Discussions, 1,1-28, SRef-ID: 1814-9359/cpd/2005-1-1.

Majorowicz, J.A., W.R. Skinner and J. Safanda, 2005: Ground surface warming in Northern Canada inferred from inversions of temperature logs. Pure and Applied Geophysics, doi:10.1007/S00024-2582-6, 162, 109-128.

Majorowicz, J.A., W.R. Skinner and J. Safanda, 2004: Large ground warming in the Canadian Arctic inferred from inversions of temperature logs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, doi:10.1016/S0012-21X(04)00106-2, 221, 15-25.

Majorowicz, J.A., J. Safanda and W.R. Skinner, 2002: East to west retardation in the onset of the recent warming across Canada inferred from inversions of temperature logs. Journal of Geophysical Research,107 (B10), 2227.

Majorowicz, J.A., and W.R. Skinner, 2001: Reconstruction of the surface warming history of western interior Canada from borehole temperature profiles and climate information.Climate Research, 16(3), 157-167.

McClain, C.R., S.R. Signorini, and J.R. Christian, 2004: Subtropical gyre variability observed by ocean color satellites. Deep-Sea Research II, 51, 281-301.

McClain, C.R., J.R. Christian, S.R. Signorini, M.R. Lewis, I. Asanuma, D. Turk, and C. Dupouy, 2002: Satellite ocean color observations of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 2533-2560.

Meehl, G.A., G. J. Boer, C. Covey, M. Latif and R. J. Stouffer, 2000: The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Workshop. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 81, 313-318.

Meehl, G.A., T. Karl., D.R. Easterling, S. Changnon, R. Pielke Jr., D. Changnon, J. Evans, P.Ya. Groisman, T.R. Knutson, K. Kunhel, L.O. Mearns, T. Root, R.B. Street, R.T. Sylves, P. Whetton and F.W. Zwiers, 2000: Introduction to trends in extreme weather and climate events: Observations, socio-economic impacts, and model projections. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 413-416.

Meehl, G.A., F.W. Zwiers, T. Knutson, L.O. Mearns and P. Whetton, 2000: Trends in extreme weather in climate events: Issues related to modelling extremes in projection of future climate change. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81,427-436.

Ménard, P., Duguay, C.R., G.M. Flato, W.R. Rouse, 2002: Simulation of ice phenology on Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. Hydrological Processes, 16, 3691-3706.

Merryfield, W.J.,2005: Ocean mixing in 10 steps. Science, 308, 641-642.

Merryfield, W.J.,and G. Holloway, 2003: Application of an accurate advection algorithm to sea-ice modeling. Ocean Modelling, 5, 1-15.

Merryfield, W.J.,2002: Intrusions in double-diffusively stable Arctic waters: Evidence for differential mixing? Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32,1452-1459.

Merryfield, W.J.,and G. Holloway, 2002: Predictability of quasi-geostrophic turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 465, 191-212.

Merryfield, W.J.,Cummins, P. F. and G. Holloway, 2001: Equilibrium statistical mechanics of barotropic flow over finite topography. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31, 1880-1890.

Merryfield, W.J., 2000: Origin of thermohaline staircases. Journal of Physical Oceanography,30, 1046-1068.

Milewska, E., R.F. Hopkinson, and A. Niitsoo, 2005: Evaluation of geo-referenced grids of 1961-1990 Canadian temperature and precipitation normals. Atmosphere-Ocean, 43 (1), 49-75.

Milewska, E., 2004: Baseline cloudiness trends in Canada 1953-2002. Atmosphere-Ocean, 42 (4), 267-280.

Milewska, E. and W.D. Hogg, 2001: Spatial representativeness of a long-term climate network in Canada. Atmosphere-Ocean, 39 (2), 145-161.

Miller, A. J., M. A. Alexander, G. J. Boer, F. Chai, K. Denman, D. J. Erickson, R. Frouin, A. J. Gabric, E. A. Laws, M. R. Lewis, Z. Liu, R. Murtugudde, S. Nakamoto, D. J. Neilson, J. R. Norris, J. C. Ohlmann, R. I. Perry, N. Schneider, K. M. Shell, and A. Timmermann, 2003: Potential feedbacks between Pacific Ocean ecosystems and interdecadal climate variations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 84, 617-633.

Monahan, A.H., and K.L. Denman,2004: Impacts of atmospheric variability on a coupled upper-ocean/ecosystem model of the subarctic Northeast Pacific. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18, GB2010, doi:10.1029/2003GB002100.

Monahan, A.H. J.C. Fyfe and L. Pandolfo, 2003: The vertical structure of wintertime climate regimes of the northern hemisphere extra tropical circulation. Journal of Climate, 16, 2005-2021.

Monahan, A., L. Pandolfo and J.C. Fyfe,2001: The preferred structure of variability of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1019-1022.

Monahan, A.H., J.C. Fyfe and G.M. Flato. 2000: A regime view of northern hemisphere atmospheric variability and change under global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1139-1142.

Morland, J., J. Metcalfe, and A. Walker, 2003: Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture in southern Ontario: Aircraft and satellite measurements at 19 and 37 GHz.. Radio Sci., 38(4), MAR 38-1 to 38-9.

Munro, D.S., L.M. Bellisario and D.L. Verseghy, 2000: Measuring and modelling the seasonal climatic regime of a temperate wooded wetland. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 227-249.

Murtugudde, R., L. Wang, E. Hackert, J. Beauchamp, J. Christian, and A.J. Busalacchi, 2004: Remote sensing of the Indo-Pacific region: ocean colour, sea level, winds and sea surface temperatures. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 1423-1435.

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Proshutinsky, A., M. Steele, J. Zhang, G. Holloway, N. Steiner, S. Häkkinen, D. Holland, R. Gerdes, C. Coeberle, M. Karcher, M. Johnson, W. Maslowski, W. Walczowski, W. Hibler, and J. Wang, 2001: Multinational Effort Studies Differences Among Arctic Ocean Models. EOS, 82(51), 637,643-644.

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Räisänen, P., H.W. Barker, M. Khairoutdinov, J. Li, and D. Randall, 2004: Stochastic generation of subgrid-scale cloudy columns for large-scale models. Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 130, 2047-2068.

Reader, M.C. and N. McFarlane, 2003: The sea salt aerosol distribution during the last glacial maximum and its implications for mineral dust. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 108(D8), 4253-4266.

Roads, J., M. Kanamitsu, R. Stewart, 2002: CSE water and energy budgets in the NCEP-DOE reanalysis II.  J. Hydromet., 3(3), 227-248.

Rouse, W.R., C.J. Oswald, J. Binyamin, C. Spence, W.M. Schertzer, P.D. Blanken, N. Bussières, and C.R. Duguay, 2005: The role of northern lakes in a regional energy balance. J. Hydrometeorology, 6, 291-305.

Roy, V., K. Goita, A. Royer, A.E. Walker, B.E. Goodison, 2004: Snow water equivalent retrieval in a Canadian boreal environment from microwave measurements using the HUT snow emission model. Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 42(9), 1850-1858.

Ryan, B.F., J.J. Katzfey, D.J. Abbs, C. Jakob, U. Lohmann, B. Rockel, L.D. Rotstayn, R.E. Stewart, K.K. Szeto, G. Tselioudis, and M.K. Yau, 2000: Simulation of a cold front by cloud-resolving, limited-area, and large-scale models, and a model evaluation using in situ and satellite observation. Monthly Weather Review, 128, 3218-3235.

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Saenko, O.A., J.C. Fyfe and M.H. England, 2005: On the response of the oceanic wind-driven circulation to atmospheric CO2 increase. Climate Dynamics, 25, 415-426.

Saenko, O.A. and W. J. Merryfield, 2005: On the effect of topographically-enhanced mixing on the global ocean circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 35, 826-834.

Saenko, O.A., M. Eby and A. J. Weaver, 2004: The effect of sea-ice extent in the North Atlantic on the stability of the thermohaline circulation in global warming experiments. Climate Dynamics, 22, 689-699.

Saenko, O.A. and A. J. Weaver, 2004: What drives heat transport in the Atlantic: Sensitivity to mechanical energy supply and buoyancy forcing in the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L20305, doi:10.1029/2004GL020671.

Saenko, O.A.,A. Schmittner and A. J. Weaver, 2004: The Atlantic-Pacific seesaw. J. Climate, 17, 2033-2038.

Saenko, O.A., A. J. Weaver and A. Schmittner, 2003: Atlantic deep circulation controlled by freshening in the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1734, doi:10.1029/2003GL017681.

Saenko, O.A.,A. J. Weaver and J. M. Gregory, 2003: On the link between the two modes of the ocean thermohaline circulation and the formation of global-scale water masses. J. Climate, 16, 2797-2801.

Saenko, O.A.,A. J. Weaver and M. H. England, 2003: A region of enhanced northward Antarctic Intermediate Water transport in a coupled climate model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 1528-1535.

Saenko, O.A.and A. J. Weaver, 2003: Southern Ocean upwelling and eddies: Sensitivity of the global overturning to the surface density range. Tellus, 55A, 106-111.

Saenko, O.A.and M. H. England, 2003: On the response of Southern Ocean water-masses to atmospheric meridional moisture advection. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1433, doi:10.1029/2002GL016516.

Saenko, O.A., E. C. Wiebe and A. J. Weaver, 2003: North Atlantic response to the above-normal export of sea ice from the Arctic. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C7), 3224, doi:10.1029/2001JC001166.

Saenko, O.A., A. Schmittner and A. J. Weaver, 2002: On the role of wind-driven sea ice motion on ocean ventilation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3376-3395.

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Sauchyn, D.S. and W.R. Skinner, 2001: A 400 year reconstruction of Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the southern Canadian Prairies. CWRA Journal, 26(2), 253-272.

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Schlosser, C.A., A. Slater, A. Robock, A.J. Pitman, K.Ya. Vinnikov, A. Henderson-Sellers, N.A. Speranskaya, K. Mitchell, A. Boone, H. Braden, F. Chen, P. Cox, P. DeRosnay, C.E. Desborough, R.E. Dickinson, Y.-J. Dai, Q. Duan, J. Entin, P. Etchevers, N. Gedney, Y.M. Gusev, F. Habets, J. Kim, V. Koren, E. Kowalczyk, O. Nasonova, J. Noilhan, J. Schaake, A. Shmakin, T. Smirnova, D. Verseghy, P. Wetzel, Y. Xue and Z.-L. Yang, 2000: Simulations of a boreal grassland hydrology at Valdai, Russia:  PILPS phase 2(d). Monthly Weather Review, 128, 301-321.

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Scinocca, J.F.,and N.A. McFarlane, 2004: The variability of modelled tropical precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1993-2015.

Scinocca, J.F., 2003: An accurate spectral Nonorographic gravity wave drag parameterization for general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 667-682.

Scinocca, J.F., 2002: The effect of back-reflection in the parametrization of non-orographic gravity-wave drag.  J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 80, 939-962.

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Shabbar, A., and W. Skinner, 2004: Summer drought patterns in Canada and the relationship to global sea surface temperatures. J. Climate, 17(14), 2866-2880.

Shabbar, A., and B. Bonsal, 2003: An assessment of changes in the winter cold and warm spells over Canada. Natural Hazards, 29, 173-188.

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Shabbar, A., Huang, J.P. and K. Higuchi, 2001: The relationship between the wintertime North Atlantic oscillation and blocking episodes in the North Atlantic. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 355-369.

Signorini, S.R., C.R. McClain, J.R. Christian, and C.S. Wong, 2001: Seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton, nutrients, TCO2, pCO2, and O2 in the North Pacific (OWS P). Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 31197-31215.

Simic, A., R. Fernandes, R. Brown, P. Romanov, and W. Park, 2004: Validation of VEGETATION, MODIS, and GOES + SSM/I snow-cover products over Canada based on surface snow depth observations. Hydrol. Proc., 18, 1089-1104.

Skinner, W.R., J.B. Todd, M.D. Flannigan, D.L. Martell, B.J. Stocks, B.M. Wotton, 2002: A 500 mb synoptic wildland fire climatology from large Canadian forest fires, 1959-1996. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 71 (3-4), 157-169.

Slater, A.G., C.A. Schlosser, C.E. Desborough, A.J. Pitman, A. Henderson-Sellers, A. Robock, K.Ya. Vinnikov, K. Mitchell, A. Boone, H. Braden, F. Chen, P. Cox, P. DeRosnay, R.E. Dickinson, Y.-J. Dai, Q. Duan, J. Entin, P. Etchevers, N. Gedney, Ye.M. Gusev, F. Habets, J. Kim, V. Koren, E. A. Kowalczyk, O. N. Nasonova, J. Noilhan, J. Schaake, A.B. Shmakin, T.G. Smirnova, D. Verseghy, P. Wetzel, Y. Xue, Z.-L. Yang and Q. Zeng, 2001:  The representation of snow in land-surface schemes: results from PILPS 2(d). Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2, 7-25.

Smith, C., F. Seglenieks, B. Proctor, and E.D. Soulis, 2001: Determining total atmospheric precipitable water vapour using two Canadian GPS receivers. CMOS Bulletin SCMO, 29(4), 107-114.

Sokol, J., T.J. Pultz and A.E. Walker, 2003: Passive and active airborne microwave remote sensing of snow cover. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(24), 5327-5344.

Soulis, E.D., K.R. Snelgrove, N. Kouwen, F. Seglenieks and D.L. Verseghy, 2000:  Towards closing the vertical water balance in Canadian atmospheric models: coupling of the land surface scheme CLASS with the distributed hydrological model WATFLOOD. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 251-269.

Steele, M., W.Ermold, S.Häkkinen, D.Holland, G.Holloway, M.Karcher, F. Kauker, W.Maslowski, N.Steiner, and J.Zhang, 2001: Adrift in the Beaufort Gyre: A model intercomparison. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(15), 2835-2838.

Steiner, N., G. Holloway, R.Gerdes, S.Häkkinen, D. Holland, M. Karcher, F. Kauker, W. Maslowski, A. Proshutinsky, M. Steele, J. Zhang, 2004: Comparing modeled streamfunction, heat and freshwater content in the Arctic Ocean. Ocean Modelling, 6, 265-285.

Steiner, N., T. Sou and G. Holloway, 2003: Estimation of Arctic windspeeds and stresses with impacts on ocean-ice-snow modelling. Journal of Marine Systems, 39, 129-151.

Steiner, N., 2001: Introduction of variable drag coefficients in large-scale sea-ice models. Annals of Glaciology, 33, 181-186.

Stenseth, N.C., A. Shabbar, K-S. Chan, S. Boutin, E.K. Rueness, D. Ehrich, J.W. Hurrell, O.C. Lingjaerde, and K.S. Jakobsen, 2004: Snow conditions may create an invisible barrier for lynx. PNAS, 101, 10632-10634.

Stephenson, D.B., V. Pavan, G.J.Boer et al., 2003: The North Atlantic Oscillation in coupled climate models: a CMIP1 evaluation. Climate Dynamics, 20, 381-399.

Stewart, R.E.,  N. Bussières, Z. Cao, H.R. Cho, D.R. Hudak, B. Kochtubajda, H. Leighton, P.Y.T. Louie, M.D. Mackay, P. Marsh, G.S. Strong, K.K. Szeto and J.E. Burford, 2002: Hydrometeorological features of the Mackenzie basin climate system during the 1994/1995 water year: a period of record low discharge. Atmosphere-Ocean, 40(2), 257-278.

Stewart, R.E., J.E. Burford and R.W. Crawford, 2000: On the characteristics of the water cycle of the Mackenzie River basin. Cont. Atmos. Physics, 9, 102-110.

Stocks, B.J., J.A. Mason, J.B. Todd,  E.M. Bosch, B.M. Wotton, B.D. Amiro, M.D. Flannigan, K.G. Hirsch, K.A. Logan, D.L. Martell, and W.R. Skinner, 2002: Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8149, doi:10.1029/2001JD000484.

Stone, D.A. and J.C. Fyfe, 2005: The effect of ocean mixing parameterization on the enhanced CO2 response of the Southern Hemisphere mid latitude jet. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, doi:10.1029/2004GL022007

Stone, D.A., A.J. Weaver and F.W. Zwiers, 2000: Trends in Canadian precipitation intensity. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38(2), 321-347.

Strong, G.S., B. Proctor, M. Wang, E.D. Soulis, C.D. Smith, F. Seglenieks, and Ken Snelgrove, 2002:  Closing the Mackenzie water budget, water years 1994/95 to 1996/97. Atmosphere-Ocean, 40(2), 113-124.

Swail, V.R. and A.T. Cox, 2000: On the use of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis surface marine wind fields for a long term North Atlantic wave hindcast. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17(4), 532-545.

Szeto, K. K., and H. Guan, 2000: Coarse-grid and cloud-resolving simulations of a midlatitude cyclonic cloud system: implications for the parameterization of layer clouds in GCMs. J. Climate, 13(11), 1972–1978.

T

Teng, Q., A.H. Monahan and J.C. Fyfe, 2004: Effects of time-averaging on nonlinear variability.  Geophysical Research Letters, 31, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020840.

Thomas, B. R., E. C. Kent and V. R. Swail, 2005: Methods to homogenize wind speeds from ships and buoys.International Journal of Climatology (CLIMAR-II Special Issue), 25(7), 979-995.

V

van Wijngaarden, W. A., and L. A. Vincent, 2005: Examination of discontinuities in hourly surface relative humidity in Canada during 1953–2003. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D22102, doi:10.1029/2005JD005925.

Verseghy, D.L., 2000: The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS): its history and future.Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 1-13.

Verseghy, D.L., I.R. Saunders, J.D. Bowers, Z. Huo and W.G. Bailey, 2000:  Application of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) to the simulation of energy and water fluxes over alpine tundra. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 37-55.

Vettoretti, G., W.R. Peltier, and N.A. McFarlane, 2000: Global water balance and atmospheric water vapor transport at last glacial maximum: Climate simulations with the CCCma Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Can. J. Earth Sciences, 37, 695-723

Vettoretti, G., W.R. Peltier, and N.A. McFarlane, 2000: The simulated response of the vlimate system to soil moisture perturbations under paleoclimatic boundary conditions at 6000 years before present. Can. J. Earth Sciences, 37, 635- 660

Vincent, L.A., T.C. Peterson, V.R. Barros, M.B. Marino, M. Rusticucci, G. Carrasco, E. Ramirez, L.M. Alves, T. Ambrizzi, M.A. Berlato, A.M. Grimm, J.A. Marengo, L. Molion, D.F. Moncunill, E. Rebello, Y.M.T. Anunciação, J. Quintana, J.L. Santos, J. Baez, G. Coronel, J. Garcia, I. Trebejo, M. Bidegain, M.R. Haylock, D. Karoly, 2005: Observed trends in indices of daily temperature extremes in South America 1960-2000. Journal of Climate, 18, 5011-5023.

Vincent, L.A., X. Zhang, B.R. Bonsal and W.D. Hogg, 2002: Homogenization of daily temperatures over Canada. Journal of Climate, 15, 1322-1334.

von Salzen, K., 2005: Piecewise log-normal approximation of size distributions for aerosol modelling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, 3959-3998.

von Salzen, K., N. A. McFarlane, and M. Lazare, 2005: The role of shallow convection in the water and energy cycles of the atmosphere. Clim. Dyn., 25(7-8), doi: 10.1007/s00382-005-0051-2.

von Salzen, K., and N. A. McFarlane, 2002: Parameterization of the bulk effects of lateral and cloud-top entrainment in transient shallow cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1405-1429.

von Salzen, K.,H. G. Leighton, P. A. Ariya, L. A. Barrie, S. L. Gong, J.-P. Blanchet, L. Spacek, U. Lohmann, and L. I. Kleinman, 2000: Sensitivity of sulphate aerosol size distributions and CCN concentrations over North America to SO[x] emissions and H[2]O[2] concentrations. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9741-9765.

W

Walker, A.E., and A. Silis, 2001: Snow-cover variations over the Mackenzie River basin, Canada, derived from SSM/I passive-microwave satellite data. Annals of Glaciology, 34, 8-14.

Wan, H., X. Zhang, and E.M. Barrow, 2005: Stochastic modelling of daily precipitation for Canada. Atmosphere-Ocean. 43(1), 23-32.

Wang, L., M. Sharp, R. Brown, C. Derksen and B. Rivard, 2005: Evaluation of spring snow covered area depletion in the Canadian Arctic from NOAA snow charts. Rem. Sens. of Env., 95, 453-463.

Wang, S., R.F. Grant, D.L. Verseghy and T.A. Black, 2002: Modelling carbon-coupled energy and water dynamics of a boreal aspen forest in a general circulation model land surface scheme. International Journal of Climatology, 22, 1249-1265.

Wang, S., R.F. Grant, D.L. Verseghy and T.A. Black, 2002:  Modelling carbon dynamics of boreal forest ecosystems in CLASS - the Canadian Land Surface Scheme. Climatic Change, 55, 451-477.

Wang, S. R.F. Grant, D.L. Verseghy and T.A. Black, 2001: Modelling plant carbon and nitrogen dynamics of a boreal aspen forest in CLASS - the Canadian Land Surface Scheme. Ecological Modelling, 142, 135-155.

Wang, X. H., G.Y. Shi and X.Y. Ma, 2003: Climatic effects of sulfate aerosol in East Asia. Chinese Atmosphere Sciences, 26(6), 751-760.

Wang, X., J.R. Christian, R. Murtugudde, and A.J. Busalacchi, 2005. Ecosystem dynamics and export production in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific: A modeling study of impact of ENSO. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021538.

Wang, X.L. and V.R. Swail, 2005: Climate change signal and uncertainty in projections of ocean wave heights. Climate Dynamics, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-005-0080-x.

Wang, X. L., F. W. Zwiers, and V. R. Swail, 2004: North Atlantic ocean wave climate change scenarios for the 21st century. J. Climate, 17(12), 2368-2383.

Wang, X.L., 2003: Comments on “Detection of undocumented changepoints: A Revision of the two-phase regression Model”. J. Climate, 16 (20), 3383-3385. 

Wang, X.L. and V.R. Swail, 2002: Trends of Atlantic wave extremes as simulated in a 40-year wave hindcast using kinematically reanalyzed wind fields. J. Climate, 15(9), 1020-1035.

Wang, X.L., and F.W. Zwiers, 2001: Using redundancy analysis to improve dynamical seasonal mean 500 hPa geopotential forecasts. Int. J. Climatology, 21, 637-654.

Wang, X.L. and V.R. Swail, 2001: Changes of extreme wave heights in Northern Hemisphere oceans and related atmospheric circulation regimes. J. Climate, 14(10), 2204-2221.

Watson, E., and B.H. Luckman, 2005: Spatial patterns of preinstrumental moisture variability in the southern Canadian Cordillera. J. Climate, 18, 2847-2863.

Weaver, A. J., O. A. Saenko, P. U. Clark and J. X. Mitrovica, 2003: Meltwater pulse 1A from the Antarctic ice sheet as a trigger of the Bolling-Allerod warm interval. Science, 299,1709-1713.

Weaver, A.J., M. Eby, E. C. Wiebe, C. M. Bitz, P. B. Duffy, T. L. Ewen, A. F. Fanning, M. M. Holland, A. MacFadyen, H. D. Matthews, K. J. Meissner, O. Saenko, A. Schmittner, H. Wang and M. Yoshimori, 2001: The UVic Earth System Climate Model: model Description, climatology and applications to past, present and future climates. Atmosphere-Ocean,39(4), 361-428.

Weaver, R.L.S., K. Steffen, J. Heinrichs, J. Maslanik, and G.M. Flato, 2000: Data assimilation in sea ice monitoring. Annals of Glaciology, 31, 327-332.

Weaver, A.J., F.W. Zwiers, 2000: Uncertainty in climate change. Nature, 407, 571-572.

Wu, A., W.W. Hsieh, A. Shabbar, 2005: The nonlinear pattern of North American winter temperature and precipitation associated with ENSO. J. Climate, 18, 1736-1752.

Wu, A., W.W. Hsieh, and F.W. Zwiers, 2003: Nonlinear modes of North American winter climate variability derived from a general circulation model simulation. J. Climate, 16, 2325-2339.

Wu, A., W.W. Hsieh, and A. Shabbar, 2002: Nonlinear characteristics of the surface air temperature over Canada. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D21), ACl 8-1 to 8-15.

Wu, A., A. Black, D.L. Verseghy and W.G. Bailey, 2001: Comparison of two-layer and single-layer canopy models with Lagrangian and K-theory approaches in modelling evaporation from forests. International Journal of Climatology, 21, 1821-1839.

Wu, A., T.A. Black, D.L. Verseghy, M.D. Novak and W.G. Bailey, 2000:  Testing the a and b methods of estimating evaporation from bare and vegetated surfaces in CLASS. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 15-35.

Wu, A., T.A. Black, D.L. Verseghy, P.D. Blanken, M.D. Novak, W. Chen and P.C. Yang, 2000: A comparison of parametrizations of canopy conductance of aspen and Douglas fir forests for CLASS. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 81-112.

X

Xie, S., K.-M. Xu, R. T. Cederwall, P. Bechtold, A. D. Del Genio, S. A. Klein, D. G. Cripe, S. J. Ghan, D. Gregory, S. F. Iacobellis, S. K. Krueger, U. Lohmann, J. C. Pech, D. A. Randall, L. D. Rotstayn, R. C. J. Somerville, Y. C. Sud, K. von Salzen, G. K. Walker, A. Wolf, J. J. Yio, G. J. Zhang, and M. Zhang, 2002: Intercomparison and evaluation of cumulus parametrizations under summertime midlatitude continental conditions. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128,1095-1136.

Y

Yoshimori, M., M. C. Reader, A. J. Weaver, and N. McFarlane, 2001: On the Causes of Glacial Inception at 116 kaBP. Climate Dynamics, 18, 383-402.

Yang, D., D.L. Kane, L.D. Hinzman, X. Zhang, T. Zhang, and H. Ye, 2003: Siberian Lena River hydrologic regime and recent change. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), ACL 14-1 to 14-10.

Yang, D., B.E. Goodison, J.R. Metcalfe, P. Louie, E. Elomaa, C.L. Hanson, V. Golubev, T. Gunther, J. Milkovic, and M. Lapin, 2001: Compatibility evaluation of national precipitation gage measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D2), 1481-1491.

Yang, D., D.L. Kane, L.D. Hinzman, B.E. Goodison, J.R. Metcalfe, P.Y.T. Louie, G.H. Leavesley, D.G. Emerson, and C.L. Hanson, 2000: An evaluation of the Wyoming gauge system for snowfall measurement. Water Resources Research, 36(9), 2665-2677.

Ye, H., D. Yang, X. Zhang, and T. Zhang, 2003. Connections of Yenisei River discharge to sea surface temperatures, sea ice, and atmospheric circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4776, doi:10.1029/2003JD003759.

Yu, B. and G.J. Boer, 2004: The role of the western Pacific in decadal variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02204, doi:10.1029/2003GL018471.

Yu, B. and G.J. Boer, 2002: The roles of radiation and dynamical processes in the El Niño-like response to global warming. Climate Dynamics, 19, 539-553.

Z

Zhai, P., X. Zhang, H. Wan, X. Pan, 2005. Trends in total precipitation and frequency of daily precipitation extremes over China. J. Climate, 18, 1096-1108.

Zhang, X., and co-authors, 2005: Trends in Middle East climate extreme indices during 1950-2003. JGR—Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2005JD006181.

Zhang, X., G. Hegerl, F.W. Zwiers, and J. Kenyon, 2005: Avoiding inhomogeneity in percentile-based indices of temperature extremes. J. Climate, 18, 1641-1651.

Zhang, X., F.W. Zwiers, and G. Li, 2004: Monte Carlo experiments on the detection of trends in extreme values. J. Climate, 17(10), 1945-1952.

Zhang, X., and F.W. Zwiers, 2004: Comments on "Applicability of prewhitening to eliminate the influence of serial correction on the Mann-Kendell test" by Sheng Yue and Chun Yuan Wang. Water Resources Research, 40, W03805, doi:10.1029/2003WR002073.

Zhang, X., K.D. Harvey, W.D. Hogg, and T.R. Yuzyk, 2001: Trends in Canadian streamflow. Water Resources Research, 37, 987-998.

Zhang, X., W.D. Hogg, and E. Mekis, 2001: Spatial and temporal characteristics of heavy precipitation events over Canada. J. Climate, 14(9), 1923-1936.

Zhang, X., W.D. Hogg, and B.R. Bonsal, 2001: A cautionary note on the use of seasonally varying thresholds to assess temperature extremes. Climatic Change, 50, 505-507.

Zhang, X., L.A. Vincent, W.D. Hogg and A. Niitsoo, 2000: Temperature and precipitation trends in Canada during the 20th Century, Atmosphere-Ocean, 38, 395-429.

Zhang,Y., R.F. Grant, L.B. Flanagan, S. Wang and D.L. Verseghy, 2005: Modelling CO₂ and energy exchanges in a northern semiarid grassland using the carbon and nitrogen-coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme (C-CLASS). Ecological Modelling, 181, 591-614.

Zwiers, F.W.,and H. von Storch, 2004: On the role of statistics in climate research. International Journal of Climatology, 24, 665-680.

Zwiers, F.W.,and X. Zhang, 2003: Towards regional climate change detection. Journal of Climate, 16, 793-797.

Zwiers, F.W., 2002: Climage change. The 20-year forecast. Nature, 416, 690-691.

Zwiers, F.W.,X.L. Wang and J. Sheng, 2000: Effects of specifying bottom boundary conditions in an ensemble of atmospheric GCM simulations. J. Geophys. Res.,105(D6), 7295-7315.

Zwiers, F.W.and A.J. Weaver, 2000: The causes of 20th century warming. Science, 290, 2081-2082.

Book Chapters:

Christian, J.R.,and T.R. Anderson, 2002. Modeling DOM biogeochemistry. pp. 717-755 in D.A. Hansell and C.A. Carlson, eds., Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter (Academic Press).

Denman, K.L.,2000: Can we see the future?, pp. 200-206, In: P.J. Harrison and T.R. Parsons (eds.), Fisheries Oceanography: An Integrative Approach to Fisheries Ecology and Management, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK.

Denman, K.L.,2001. Responses of pelagic marine ecosystems to climate change – can we predict them?, pp. 127-134, In: L. Bendell-Young and P. Gallaugher (eds), Waters in Peril, Kluwar Academic Publishers, Norwell, Mass., USA.

Denman, K.L.,and J.F. Dower, 2001. Patch dynamics, pp. 2107-2114, In: J.H. Steele, S.A. Thorpe and K.K. Turekian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Academic Press, London.

Denman, K.L.,and M.A. Peña, 2000: Beyond JGOFS, pp. 469-490, In: R. Hanson, H. Ducklow, and J. Field (eds), The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle: A midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, Cambridge University Press.

Denman, K.L.,Book Review: Diffusion and Ecological Problems: Modern Perspectives, Second Edition. Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, Volume 14. By Akira Okubo and Simon A. Levin. New York: Springer. xx + 467 p; ISBN: 0-387-98676-6. 2001, Quarterly Review of Biology, 78, p. 123, 2003.

Dower, J.F., and K.L. Denman,2001. Some effects of small-scale physical processes on plankton biology, pp. 2834-2839, In: J.H. Steele, S.A. Thorpe and K.K. Turekian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Academic Press, London.

Flato, G.M.,2003: Sea Ice Modelling. Chapter 9 in Mass Balance of the Cryosphere: Observations and Modelling of Contemporary and Future Changes, eds. J. Bamber and A. Payne, Cambridge University Press, pg. 367-389.

Steele, M. and G.M. Flato. 2000: Growth, Melt, and Modelling: A Survey. Chapter 23 in The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean, E.L. Lewis et al. (eds.), Kluwer, 549-587.

Majorowicz, J.A., J. Safanda and W.R. Skinner, 2004: Past surface temperature changes as derived from world-wide continental temperature logs as a new tool in climate change studies, Advances in Geophysic, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(04)4307-4, 47, 113-174.

Skinner, W.R., B.J. Stocks, D.L. Martell, B. Bonsal and A. Shabbar, 2000: The relationship between area burned by wildland fire in Canada and circulation anomalies in the mid-troposphere.  In J. Innes and M. Beniston eds., Advances in Global Change Research: Biomass Burning and its Inter-Relationship with Climate. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 101-126.

Swail, V.R., G. Komen, V. Ryabinin, M. Holt, P.K. Taylor and J. Bidlot, 2001: Wind waves in the Global Ocean Observing System.Observing the Ocean in the 21st Century, C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith (eds), Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia

Wang, X.L., and V.R. Swail, 2004. Historical and possible future changes of wave heights in northern hemisphere oceans. Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions – Volume II, Wessex Institute of Technology in conjunction with Computational Fluid Mechanics

Wang, X.L.,X. Zhang and G.Peng, 2000: Impacts of ENSO on the Climate of China. A chapter in: El Nino – Southern Oscillation and its Global Impacts (edited by L. Nkemdirim), 133-157 (Chapter 5), a publication of the Commission on Climatorlogy of the International Geographical Union, Bonn, Germany. 

Yamazaki, H, D. Mackas, and K. Denman,2002. Coupling small scale physical processes to biology: towards a Lagrangian approach, pp. 51-112, In: A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy and B.J. Rothschild (eds.), The Sea: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Ocean, Vol. 12, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Zwiers, F.W., 2001: Global climate change detection and attribution. In: El-Shaarawi, A., and W. Piergorsch (Eds.), Encylopedia of Environmetrics, Wiley, 2672pp.

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