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NEWS RELEASES
WTO CONFIRMS BRAZILIAN TRADE SUBSIDY IS STILL ILLEGAL
May 9, 2000 (2:30 p.m. EDT) No. 97
WTO CONFIRMS BRAZILIAN TRADE SUBSIDY IS STILL ILLEGAL
International Trade Minister Pierre S. Pettigrew and Industry Minister John Manley
welcomed today's World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling that found that Brazil's Proex
program continues to be an illegal export subsidy. This week, Canada will take steps to
protect its interests by seeking WTO authority to retaliate against Brazil.
"This ruling confirms that Brazil is continuing to subsidize its regional aircraft industry at
the expense of Canadian exporters," said Mr. Pettigrew. "We expect Brazil to remove
this subsidy, and we are prepared to discuss implementation measures. However, we
must protect our WTO rights in the event that Brazil does not comply with the ruling."
The WTO also found that the significant changes that the Government of Canada had
made to restructure the federal program, Technology Partnerships Canada, had brought
the program in line with Canada's international obligations. Moreover, the WTO panel
clarified the changes that are required to render Canada Account, a program operated
by Export Development Corporation, fully compliant. Canada welcomes this clarification,
is implementing the suggested changes and will not appeal the ruling.
"We are extremely pleased that the WTO has confirmed TPC's compliance," said
Minister Manley. "This sends a strong signal of our government's commitment to
supporting technological innovation and R&D in a manner that is fully consistent with
our international trade agreements."
In August 1999, a WTO Appellate Body ruled that Brazil had to withdraw its prohibited
Proex export subsidy, a program that offers substantially reduced interest rates to
clients of the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer, Embraer.
The WTO ruled in favour of Canada today, finding that Brazil had failed to remove the
export subsidies for regional aircraft under Proex and that the changes that Brazil made
to the program were vastly inadequate to bring it into compliance. The panel criticized
Brazil's failure to do anything about Proex support for future aircraft deliveries under
contracts signed before the November 18, 1999 implementation deadline. As a result of
the ruling, Proex support must be withdrawn from more than 900 undelivered Brazilian
regional aircraft. Customers of Embraer, the Brazilian regional aircraft manufacturer,
could face higher aircraft prices following this decision.
In the face of Brazilian non-compliance and in the absence of a negotiated settlement,
Canada is required to take action by May 12 to protect its WTO rights.
Canada will therefore ask the WTO for authorization to take appropriate
countermeasures against imports from Brazil of up to $700 million per annum for a
period of seven years. This amount is equivalent to the benefits provided to the
Brazilian regional aircraft industry by the illegal Proex export subsidy.
Retaliation is likely to take the form of surtaxes on certain products, along with other
measures. A Canada Gazette Notice will be issued on May 13 outlining the proposed
retaliatory measures and seeking comments from interested Canadians. No retaliatory
action will be taken until the government has fully consulted with Canadians and the
WTO has authorized retaliation by Canada.
- 30 -
Background material is attached, including a history of the dispute, as well as
information on possible retaliatory measures.
For further information, media representatives may contact:
Sylvie Bussières
Office of the Minister for International Trade
(613) 992-7332
Media Relations Office
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
(613) 995-1874
Jennifer Sloan
Office of the Minister of Industry
(613) 995-9001
This document is also available on the Department of Foreign Affairs and International
Trade's Internet site: http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca
Backgrounder
CANADA-BRAZIL REGIONAL AIRCRAFT DISPUTE
Negotiations
Brazil's Proex export subsidy program reduces the interest rate on financing for exports
of Brazilian aircraft by 3.8 percentage points. Depending on the aircraft, this can amount
to a subsidy of 15 percent or between US$2.5 and 4.5 million per aircraft. This program
has been distorting the market for regional aircraft and as a result has had a direct
negative impact on the Canadian aircraft manufacturing sector.
In an attempt to resolve this issue, Canada requested consultations with Brazil on
June 18, 1996, under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Initial
discussions were not successful and Canada requested the establishment of a WTO
Panel to rule on the legality of Proex. However, a tentative agreement to continue
negotiations was reached and Canada withdrew its request for a panel in hopes of
settling the dispute diplomatically.
In an effort to intensify the consultations, Prime Minister Chrétien and Brazilian
President Cardoso each appointed special envoys in January 1998 to continue the
negotiations. This process took place between February 1998 and June 1998.
Negotiations failed.
WTO Panels
On July 10, 1998, Canada, again, requested a WTO Panel to examine Brazil's Proex. In
response, Brazil requested a WTO Panel on a range of Canadian programs, including
export financing by Export Development Corporation (EDC) and Industry Canada
support for research and development. On March 12, 1999, the WTO Panel on Proex
ruled in Canada's favour, and declared that the Proex subsidy for regional aircraft is a
prohibited export subsidy. The Panel on Canadian programs found all but two Canadian
measures to be consistent with WTO rules. These were: Canada Account debt
financing for regional aircraft since 1995, and Technology Partnerships Canada (TPC)
assistance to the regional aircraft industry.
Appeals
Canada appealed the panel ruling on TPC and Brazil appealed the ruling on Proex. On
August 2, 1999, the WTO Appellate Body confirmed Canada's win on Proex as well as
the adverse rulings on TPC. The Appellate Body also confirmed the Panel ruling that
these programs, as they apply to regional aircraft, be withdrawn within 90 days from the
date of adoption of the reports. On August 20, 1999, the WTO Dispute Settlement Body
(DSB) in a special session, adopted the decisions of the panels and of the Appellate
Body in the Canada/Brazil aircraft cases. As a result the deadline for the withdrawal of
the affected programs became November 18, 1999.
On November 18, 1999, Canada announced that it had taken action to bring the two
affected programs into full compliance with the WTO rulings. In this respect, TPC
terminated all obligations to disburse funds to the Canadian regional aircraft industry. As
a result, TPC cancelled some $16.4 million of funding pursuant to contribution
agreements that were in effect at the time, as well as the conditional approval that had
been given to two other regional aircraft projects. In addition, TPC was significantly
restructured to ensure that all future transactions would be compliant with the WTO, and
although the ruling only applied to TPC funding for regional aircraft, these changes were
implemented for all eligible sectors. The changes included a modification of TPC's
objectives, definition of eligible activities, a re-orientation of assessment criteria,
enhanced transparency, and a restructuring of risk and reward sharing.
Canada also made changes to EDC's Canada Account by issuing a policy guideline that
ensured that future Canada Account financing transactions would be in accordance with
the disciplines of the OECD Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export
Credits.
Consultations with Brazil prior to November 18, 1999, indicated that Brazil was not
taking steps to comply with the ruling and that it would not withdraw its illegal Proex
export subsidy for regional aircraft.
Compliance Panels
In the face of continued Brazilian non-compliance with the WTO rulings, Canada asked
the WTO to determine whether Brazil had fully implemented the WTO ruling. In
response, Brazil requested a panel on Canada's compliance. The panel report on Proex
issued on May 9, 2000, confirmed that Brazil has not complied with the WTO rulings.
The panel specifically addressed and rejected all of the arguments put forward by Brazil
as to why it should not be asked to comply. In particular, the panel rejected Brazil's
attempt to hide behind contract promises as a means to avoid fulfilling its WTO
obligations. The panel also dismissed Brazil's claim that Proex support was necessary
in order to counteract high domestic interest rates, brought about by "Brazil risk." The
panel specifically determined that the continued issuance of Proex bonds by Brazil for
contracts concluded prior to November 18, 1999, was a categorical violation of the WTO
ruling. It also found that the modifications made by Brazil to Proex for contracts
concluded after November 18, 1999, did not comply with the ruling.
Thus the panels fully endorsed the position that Canada has been maintaining since the
start of this case: Proex is illegal and cannot continue to be offered for undelivered
aircraft or for new contracts.
The panel on Canada's compliance ruled that it had fully complied with the ruling on
TPC, but that changes to Canada Account did not go far enough. In this respect,
Canada welcomes the further guidance provided by the compliance panel and is taking
immediate action to implement this decision.
There are currently no Canadian regional aircraft export sales that would be affected by
the ruling. The Brazilian aircraft manufacturer, Embraer, however has firm orders and
options for more than 900 aircraft on which the illegal Proex subsidy must be withdrawn
if Brazil is to comply with the WTO rulings.
The Government of Brazil has made no effort to comply with the rulings. The Proex
program continues to distort the regional aircraft market not only at the expense of
Canadians but also at the expense of manufacturers of regional aircraft worldwide.
Backgrounder
CANADA-BRAZIL REGIONAL AIRCRAFT DISPUTE
RETALIATION MEASURES
The World Trade Organization (WTO) has confirmed that Brazil has not complied with
WTO rulings to remove its illegal Proex subsidy on exports of regional aircraft. Brazil's
failure to comply with its international obligations forces Canada to take action to protect
its WTO rights. The Government of Canada is requesting comments from Canadians
regarding the steps that Canada may have to invoke to protect these rights. In light of
the WTO timetables, Canada has requested WTO approval to take action to suspend
concessions on imports from Brazil of up to $700 million per year over a period of seven
years. The Government of Canada will not implement retaliatory actions until it has
consulted with Canadians and has received the approval of the WTO.
At this time there is no indication that the Government of Brazil intends to comply with
the WTO rulings by removing its illegal Proex export subsidy for regional aircraft.
Compliance would require the withdrawal of Proex for all undelivered aircraft. The
Government of Canada embarked on this WTO litigation after two years of negotiations
failed to resolve the matter. Canada remains positively disposed to bilateral resolution of
this matter.
If authorized by the WTO and taking into account comments received from Canadians,
Canada intends to take all or some of the following actions. These actions would be
rescinded in the event of compliance by Brazil with the WTO rulings or in the event of a
negotiated solution with Brazil.
1. The application of a 100 percent surtax on selected imports from Brazil. The surtax
will be in addition to any existing rate of duty on these imports. The initial list includes
most industrial and agricultural products. A preliminary list of products, based on the
Harmonized System of Tariff Classification, from which items could be selected for
imposition of a surtax, is attached.
2. Suspension of Brazil from the list of countries eligible for General Preferential Tariff
(GPT) treatment. The GPT is a unilateral tariff preference granted by Canada for most
imports from developing countries. For more information on the GPT eligibility please
consult the Customs Tariff on the Canadian Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA)
Web site at http://www.ccra-adrc.gc.ca
3. Suspension of injury inquiries under the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA) in
countervailing duty investigations in respect of subject goods from Brazil that benefit
from Proex subsidies. The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
stipulates that countervailing duties can only be imposed following determinations that
the subject imports are subsidized and that they are causing or threatening to cause
material injury to producers of like goods in the importing country. The suspension of
injury determinations under the SIMA would allow for the imposition of countervailing
duties upon a determination that the subject imports benefit from Proex subsidies. For
more information on Canada's anti-dumping and countervailing duty laws, please visit
the Canadian Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) web site at http://www.ccra-adrc.gc.ca
4. Suspension of Canada's obligations to Brazil under the WTO Agreement on Textiles
and Clothing. This agreement sets out conditions for the application of quantitative
restraints on imports of textiles and clothing products, as well as for the gradual
elimination of such restraints. Suspension of obligations would allow Canada to impose
restraints on imports of textiles and clothing outside of the provisions of the agreement.
For more information on Canada's Export and Import Controls regulations, please visit
the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade - Export and Import Controls
Bureau Web site http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/~eicb
5. Suspension of Canada's obligations to Brazil under the WTO Agreement on Import
Licensing. Suspension of the obligations would allow Canada to impose special
licensing requirements on imports from Brazil. For more information on Canada's Export
and Import Controls regulations, please visit the Department of Foreign Affairs and
International Trade - Export and Import Controls Bureau Web site http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/~eicb
As stated above, the government will not take any action pending completion of
consultations with Canadians and approval by the WTO. Views are solicited not only on
the actions outlined above but also on any other action that interested Canadians may
wish to recommend in order to enable Canada to exercise its WTO rights.
Invitation to Submit Views
Interested parties are invited to submit comments and suggestions by June 13, 2000.
Comments should be submitted in writing to:
Trade Remedies Division (EAR)
Department of Foreign Affairs
and International Trade (DFAIT)
Lester B. Pearson Building,
125 Sussex Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0G2
Fax to: 1-800-769-0674
E-mail: aircraft-aeronef@dfait-maeci.gc.ca
TTY: 1-800-465-7735
If you require further information, or to submit comments electronically, we invite you to
visit our DFAIT Web site at: http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/tna-nac/dispute-e.asp
For further inquiries or to have an information package sent to you, please call: 1-800-394-3472, Monday to Friday 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. EDT.
| Tariff Chapter/ Heading/ Sub-heading |
Description |
| 1 |
Live animals |
| 2 |
Meat and edible meat offal |
| 3 |
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic
invertebrates |
| 4 |
Dairy produce; bird's eggs; natural honey; edible
products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or
included |
| 5 |
Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or
included |
| 6 |
Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like;
cut flowers and ornamental foliage |
| 7 |
Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers |
| 8 |
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons |
| 9 |
Coffee, tea, maté and spices |
| 10 |
Cereals |
| 11 |
Products of the milling industry; malt; starches;
inulin; wheat gluten |
| 12 |
Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous
grains, seeds and fruit; industrial or medicinal
plants; straw and fodder |
| 13 |
Lac; gums, resins and other vegetable saps and
extracts |
| 14 |
Vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products not
elsewhere specified or included |
| 15 |
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage
products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable
waxes |
| 16 |
Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans,
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates |
| 170191 |
Refined Sugar |
| 170199 |
Refined Sugar |
| 18 |
Cocoa and cocoa preparations |
| 19 |
Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;
pastrycooks' products |
| 2001 |
Vegetables, fruit, nuts and other edible parts of
plants, prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic
acid |
| 2002 |
Tomatoes prepared or preserved otherwise than by
vinegar or acetic acid |
| 2003 |
Mushrooms and truffles, prepared or preserved
otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid |
| 2004 |
Other vegetables prepared or preserved otherwise
than by vinegar or acetic acid, frozen, other than
products of heading No. 20.06 |
| 2005 |
Other vegetables prepared or preserved otherwise
than by vinegar or acetic acid, not frozen, other than
products of heading No. 20.06 |
| 2006 |
Vegetables, fruit, nuts, fruit-peel and other parts of
plants, preserved by sugar (drained, glacé or
crystallised) |
| 2007 |
Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée
and fruit or nut pastes, being cooked preparations,
whether or not containing added sugar or other
sweetening matter |
| 2008 |
Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants,
otherwise prepared or preserved, whether or not
containing added sugar or other sweetening matter
or spirit, not elsewhere specified or included |
| 21 |
Miscellaneous edible preparations |
| 22 |
Beverages, spirits and vinegar |
| 23 |
Residues and waste from the food industries;
prepared animal fodder |
| 24 |
Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes |
| 29 |
Organic chemicals |
| 30 |
Pharmaceutical products |
| 31 |
Fertilizers |
| 32 |
Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their
derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring
matter; paints and varnishes; putty and other
mastics; inks |
| 33 |
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or
toilet preparations |
| 34 |
Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial
waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring
preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling
pastes, "dental waxes" and dental preparations with
a basis of plaster |
| 35 |
Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues;
enzymes |
| 36 |
Explosives; pyrotechnic products; matches;
pyrophoric alloys; certain combustible preparations |
| 37 |
Photographic or cinematographic goods |
| 38 |
Miscellaneous chemical products |
| 39 |
Plastics and articles thereof |
| 42 |
Articles of leather; saddlery and harness; travel
goods, handbags and similar containers; articles of
animal gut (other than silk-worm gut) |
| 43 |
Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof |
| 4401 |
Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in
similar forms; wood in chips or particles; sawdust
and wood waste and scrap, whether or not
agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar
forms |
| 4402 |
Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal),
whether or not agglomerated. |
| 4403 |
Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark
or sapwood, or roughly squared |
| 4404 |
Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets and stakes of
wood, pointed but not sawn lengthwise; wooden
sticks, roughly trimmed but not turned, bent or
otherwise worked, suitable for the manufacture of
walking-sticks, umbrellas, tool handles or the like;
chipwood and the like |
| 4405 |
Wood wool; wood flour |
| 4406 |
Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood |
| 4410 |
Particle board and similar board of wood or other
ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated
with resins or other organic binding substances |
| 4411 |
Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials,
whether or not bonded with resins or other organic
substances |
| 4413 |
Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile
shapes |
| 4414 |
Wooden frames for paintings, photographs, mirrors
or similar objects |
| 4415 |
Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar
packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood; pallets,
box pallets and other load boards, of wood; pallet
collars of wood |
| 4416 |
Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers'
products and parts thereof, of wood, including
staves |
| 4417 |
Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush
bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and
trees, of wood |
| 4418 |
Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including
cellular wood panels, assembled parquet panels,
shingles and shakes |
| 4419 |
Tableware and kitchenware, of wood |
| 4420 |
Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and
cases for jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles, of
wood; statuettes and other ornaments, of wood;
wooden articles of furniture not falling in Chapter 94 |
| 4421 |
Other articles of wood |
| 45 |
Cork and articles of cork |
| 46 |
Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other plaiting
materials; basketware and wickerwork |
| 4701 |
Mechanical wood pulp |
| 4702 |
Chemical wood pulp, dissolving grades |
| 4704 |
Chemical wood pulp, sulphite, other than dissolving
grades |
| 4705 |
Semi-chemical wood pulp |
| 4706 |
Pulps of fibres derived from recovered (waste and
scrap) paper or paperboard or of other fibrous
cellulosic material |
| 4707 |
Recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard |
| 48 |
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of
paper or of paperboard |
| 50 |
Silk |
| 51 |
Wool, fine or coarse animal hair; horsehair yarn and
woven fabric |
| 52 |
Cotton |
| 53 |
Other vegetable textile fibres; paper yarn and woven
fabrics of paper yarn |
| 54 |
Man-make filaments |
| 55 |
Man-made staple fibres |
| 57 |
Carpets and other textile floor coverings |
| 58 |
Special woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics; lace;
tapestries; trimmings; embroidery |
| 59 |
Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated textile
fabrics; textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial
use |
| 60 |
Knitted or crocheted fabrics |
| 61 |
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted
or crocheted |
| 62 |
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not
knitted or crocheted |
| 6301 |
Blankets and travelling rugs. |
| 6302 |
Bed linen, table linen, toilet linen and kitchen linen |
| 6303 |
Curtains (including drapes) and interior blinds;
curtain or bed valances |
| 6304 |
Other furnishing articles, excluding those of heading
No. 94.04 |
| 6306 |
Tarpaulins, awnings and sunblinds; tents; sails for
boats, sailboards or landcraft; camping goods |
| 6307 |
Other made up articles, including dress patterns |
| 6308 |
Sets consisting of woven fabric and yarn, whether or
not with accessories, for making up into rugs,
tapestries, embroidered table cloths or serviettes, or
similar textile articles, put up in packings for retail
sale |
| 6309 |
Worn clothing and other worn articles |
| 6310 |
Used or new rags, scrap twine, cordage, rope and
cables and worn out articles of twine, cordage, rope
or cables, of textile materials |
| 64 |
Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles
|
| 65 |
Headgear and parts thereof |
| 66 |
Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks,
seat-sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof |
| 67 |
Prepared feathers and down and articles made of
feathers or of down; artificial flowers; articles of
human hair |
| 68 |
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or
similar materials |
| 69 |
Ceramic products |
| 70 |
Glass and glassware |
| 71 |
Natural or cultured pearls, precious or
semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad
with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation
jewellery; coin |
| 7208 |
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a
width of 600 mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated
or coated |
| 7209 |
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a
width of 600 mm or more, cold-rolled (cold-reduced),
not clad, plated or coated |
| 7210 |
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a
width of 600 mm or more, clad, plated or coated |
| 7211 |
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a
width of less than 600 mm, not clad, plated or
coated |
| 7212 |
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a
width of less than 600 mm, clad, plated or coated |
| 7214 |
Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, not
further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or
hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling |
| 7215 |
Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel |
| 7216 |
Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy
steel |
| 7217 |
Wire of iron or non-alloy steel |
| 7219 |
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of
600 mm or more |
| 7220 |
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of
less than 600 mm |
| 7221 |
Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils,
of stainless steel |
| 7222 |
Other bars and rods of stainless steel; angles,
shapes and sections of stainless steel |
| 7223 |
Wire of stainless steel |
| 7225 |
Flat-rolled products of other alloy steel, of a width of
600 mm or more |
| 7226 |
Flat-rolled products of other alloy steel, of a width of
less than 600 mm |
| 7227 |
Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils,
of other alloy steel |
| 7228 |
Other bars and rods of other alloy steel; angles,
shapes and sections, of other alloy steel; hollow drill
bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel |
| 7229 |
Wire of other alloy steel |
| 7301 |
Sheet piling of iron or steel, whether or not drilled,
punched or made from assembled elements; welded
angles, shapes and sections, of iron or steel |
| 7302 |
Railway or tramway track construction material of
iron or steel, the following: rails, check-rails and rack
rails, switch blades, crossing frogs, point rods and
other crossing pieces, sleepers (cross-ties),
fish-plates, chairs, chair wedges, sole plates (base
plates), rail clips, bedplates, ties and other material
specialized for jointing or fixing rails |
| 7303 |
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, of cast iron |
| 7308 |
Structures (excluding prefabricated buildings of
heading No. 94.06) and parts of structures (for
example, bridges and bridge-sections, lock-gates,
towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing frame-works,
doors and windows and their frames and thresholds
for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and
columns), of iron or steel; plates, rods, angles,
shapes, sections, tubes and the like, prepared for
use in structures, of iron or steel |
| 7309 |
Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers for
any material (other than compressed or liquefied
gas), of iron or steel, of a capacity exceeding 300
litres, whether or not lined or heat-insulated, but not
fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment |
| 7310 |
Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar
containers, for any material (other than compressed
or liquefied gas), of iron or steel, of a capacity not
exceeding 300 litres, whether or not lined or
heat-insulated, but not fitted with mechanical or
thermal equipment |
| 7311 |
Containers for compressed or liquefied gas, of iron
or steel |
| 7312 |
Stranded wire, ropes, cables, plaited bands, slings
and the like, of iron or steel, not electrically insulated |
| 7313 |
Barbed wire of iron or steel; twisted hoop or single
flat wire, barbed or not, and loosely twisted double
wire, of a kind used for fencing, of iron or steel |
| 7314 |
Cloth (including endless bands), grill, netting and
fencing, of iron or steel wire; expanded metal of iron
or steel |
| 7315 |
Chain and parts thereof, of iron or steel |
| 7316 |
Anchors, grapnels and parts thereof, of iron or steel |
| 7317 |
Nails, tacks, drawing pins, corrugated nails, staples
(other than those of heading No. 83.05) and similar
articles, of iron or steel, whether or not with heads of
other material, but excluding such articles with
heads of copper |
| 7318 |
Screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, screw hooks,
rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers (including spring
washers) and similar articles, of iron or steel |
| 7319 |
Sewing needles, knitting needles, bodkins, crochet
hooks, embroidery stilettos and similar articles, for
use in the hand, of iron or steel; safety pins and
other pins of iron or steel, not elsewhere specified or
included |
| 7320 |
Springs and leaves for springs, of iron or steel |
| 7321 |
Stoves, ranges, grates, cookers (including those
with subsidiary boilers for central heating),
barbecues, braziers, gas-rings, plate warmers and
similar non-electric domestic appliances, and parts
thereof, of iron or steel |
| 7322 |
Radiators for central heating, not electrically heated,
and parts thereof, of iron or steel; air heaters and
hot air distributors (including distributors which can
also distribute fresh or conditioned air), not
electrically heated, incorporating a motor-driven fan
or blower, and parts thereof, of iron or steel |
| 7323 |
Table, kitchen or other household articles and parts
thereof, of iron or steel; iron or steel wool; pot
scourers and scouring or polishing pads, gloves and
the like, of iron or steel |
| 7324 |
Sanitary ware and parts thereof, of iron or steel |
| 7325 |
Other cast articles of iron or steel |
| 7326 |
Other articles of iron or steel |
| 74 |
Copper and articles thereof |
| 75 |
Nickel and articles thereof |
| 76 |
Aluminum and articles thereof |
| 78 |
Lead and articles thereof |
| 79 |
Zinc and articles thereof |
| 80 |
Tin and articles thereof |
| 81 |
Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof |
| 82 |
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of
base metal; parts thereof of base metal |
| 83 |
Miscellaneous articles of base metal |
| 86 |
Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and
parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and
fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including
electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of
all kinds |
| 88 |
Aircraft, spacecraft and parts thereof |
| 89 |
Ships, boats and floating structures |
| 91 |
Clocks and watches and parts thereof |
| 92 |
Musical instruments; parts and accessories of such
articles |
| 93 |
Arms and ammunition; parts and accessories
thereof |
| 94 |
Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports,
cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; lamps and
lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included;
illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the
like; prefabricated buildings |
| 95 |
Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and
accessories thereof |
| 96 |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
| 97 |
Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques |
|
