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Functions

The IJC:

• Issues Orders of Approval in response to Applications for the use, obstruction or diversion of waters that flow along, and in certain cases across, the boundary if such uses affect the natural water levels or flows on the other side of the boundary. This occurs under Articles III or IV of the Treaty. Since 1912, there have been numerous projects approved along the length of the border (e.g. dams controlling the outflows of Lakes Superior and Ontario; the St. Lawrence Seaway; the Grand Falls Dam (St. Croix River); Kootenay River Dikes)

• Undertakes the investigation of specific issues, or monitors situations, when requested by Governments, under Article IX of the Treaty (References) (e.g. Great Lakes water quality; the 1997 Red River flood; and, most recently, the effects of water consumption, diversion and removal in boundary waters, including the Great Lakes). Implementation of recommendations made under references is at the discretion of the two Governments.

• Monitors the Canada-U.S. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement . The Agreement covers the bilateral commitment to restore and maintain the Great Lakes.

• Is also involved to a certain extent in questions of transboundary air quality.