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Representation for Immigrants and Refugee Claimants

John Frecker, Pierre Duquette, Donald Galloway, Fernand Gauthier, William Jackson and Gregory James

Study Report

October 2002

The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Executive Summary
  2. 1. Introduction
    1. 1.1 Methodology
  3. 2. Background issues
    1. 2.1 "Right to counsel" in immigration and refugee matters
    2. 2.2 Jurisdictional issues relating to legal aid in immigration matters
    3. 2.3 Legal aid coverage for immigration and refugee matters
    4. 2.4 Service delivery models for legal aid
    5. 2.5 Tariff variations
  4. 3. Need for representation
    1. 3.1 Admissibility and eligibility interviews
    2. 3.2 Refugee determination proceedings
      1. 3.2.1 Preparation for refugee hearings
      2. 3.2.2 Refugee hearings
      3. 3.2.3 Expedited process interviews
      4. 3.2.4 Post-determination proceedings for failed refugee claimants
    3. 3.3 Detention reviews
    4. 3.4 Immigration inquiries
    5. 3.5 Immigration appeals
    6. 3.6 Summary
  5. 4. Special needs
    1. 4.1 Women
    2. 4.2 Minors
    3. 4.3 Persons with problems regarding mental capacity
    4. 4.4 Victims of torture and other special needs groups
    5. 4.5 An effective approach to providing designated representatives
  6. 5. Interpretation and representation
    1. 5.1 The challenges of presenting cases through interpreters
    2. 5.2 The relationship between counsel and interpreters
  7. 6. Knowledge and sophistication of persons concerned
    1. 6.1 Refugee claimants
    2. 6.2 Participants in other processes
      1. 6.2.1 Detainees
      2. 6.2.2 Persons at immigration inquiries
      3. 6.2.3 Appellants
      4. 6.2.4 Participants in post-determination proceedings
  8. 7. Sources of information
    1. 7.1 Information sources for refugee claimants
    2. 7.2 Information sources with regard to other processes
  9. 8. Access to representation
  10. 9. Quality of representation
  11. 10. Factors influencing clients' choice of representatives
  12. 11. Desire for an integrated approach to service delivery
  13. 12. Representation and fairness of processes
    1. 12.1 Ensuring fairness for persons without representation
  14. 13. Impact of representation on efficiency of processes
  15. 14. Conclusion
  16. References
  17. Cases
  18. Statutes
  19. Regulations
  20. Interviews and personal communications

List of Tables

  1. Table 1 Assistance or Representation Needed for Admissibility and Eligibility Interviews
  2. Table 2 Type of Representation Required to Prepare for Refugee Hearings
  3. Table 3 Type of Representation Required for Refugee Hearings
  4. Table 4 Type of Representation Required for Expedited Process Interviews
  5. Table 5 Type of Representation Required for Post-Determination Proceedings at CIC
  6. Table 6 Assistance or Representation Needed for Detention Reviews
  7. Table 7 Assistance or Representation Needed for Immigration Inquiries
  8. Table 8 Representation Needed for Immigration Appeals
  9. Table 9 Respondents' Assessment of Special Representation Needs - Women
  10. Table 10 Respondents' Assessment of Special Representation Needs - Minors
  11. Table 11 Respondents' Assessment of Special Representation Needs - Mentally Disabled
  12. Table 12 Respondents' Assessment of Special Representation Needs - Torture Victims and Others
  13. Table 13 Service Providers' Assessment of Claimants' General and Detailed Knowledge about Claiming Refugee Status
  14. Table 14 Immigration Officers' Assessment of Claimants' General and Detailed Knowledge about Claiming Refugee Status
  15. Table 15 Claimants' Assessment of Their Own General and Detailed Knowledge about Claiming Refugee Status
  16. Table 16 Respondents' Assessment of Detainees' Knowledge Regarding the Detention Review Process
  17. Table 17 Assessments of Appellants' Knowledge
  18. Table 18 Pre-claim Information Sources
  19. Table 19 Refugee Claimants' Access to Representation
  20. Table 20 Client Ranking of Factors Influencing Choice of Representative

List of Appendices

  1. Appendix 1 Interview Guide - Claimants, Appellants, Detainees, etc.
  2. Appendix 2 Interview Guide - Service Providers
  3. Appendix 3 Interview Guide - Hearing Participants
  4. Appendix 4 Interview Guide - CIC Managers
  5. Appendix 5 Interview Guide - IRB Managers
  6. Appendix 6 Interview Guide - Legal Aid Managers

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Last Updated: 2005-10-22 Back to Top Important Notices