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General Precautions
Winter weather conditions in Canada can become severe or dangerous very
quickly, sometimes with little or no warning. High windchills, heavy snowfall,
freezing rain, blizzards and extremely cold temperatures all pose a hazard
to those traveling or venturing outside. The following general precautions
outline how to minimize the effects of winter weather and prepare in advance
for severe weather conditions.
- Dress to suit the weather.
Thin layers of loose fitting clothing will trap body heat while aiding
air circulation. Outer clothing should be hooded, tightly woven, and
repel water. Mittens are warmer than gloves. It is important to wear
a hat because most body heat is lost through the head. If it is extremely
cold, cover your mouth to protect your lungs from the cold air.
- Watch for signs of hypothermia which is particularly
threatening to the very young and elderly. Feeling cold over a prolonged
period of time can cause a drop in body temperature below the normal
37°C. Symptoms of hypothermia are shivering, confusion, and loss
of muscular control. If symptoms occur, get medical assistance immediately.
Hypothermia can progress to a life threatening condition where shivering
stops, the person loses consciousness and cardiac arrest can occur.
- Check the weather forecast before going outdoors or traveling.
Pay particular attention to windchill, which can create dangerously
cold outdoor conditions.
- Winterize your home and vehicle before the cold weather arrives.
Prepare an emergency pack for your home and vehicle and ensure your
home heating system is in good working order. Insulate your home to
avoid cold air leaks and minimize heating costs.
- Pace your outdoor activity.
Be alert for signs of frostbite. Avoid strenuous activity in extremely
cold temperatures because the heart must work harder to pump blood through
constricted vessels in arms and legs.
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