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Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Situation Update Updated:
February 14, 2006
The Public Health Agency of Canada continues to closely monitor and report on occurrences of avian influenza A (H5N1), or “bird flu”, in humans and in birds. Additional Countries Confirm H5N1 Infection in Birds The countries of Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, and Slovenia have officially
notified the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) of H5N1 avian
influenza infection among birds in their respective countries. The official
notification reports are available on the OIE
web site These countries have not reported any human cases of avian influenza H5N1 Summary of H5N1 Avian Influenza Situation in Humans At this time, human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have been reported
in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, China, Turkey, and Iraq. Infection
in humans has occurred in three distinct periods or waves of activity,
since late-December 2003. The current wave of activity has been ongoing
since December 16, 2004 and sporadic cases continue to be reported in
all seven countries. For an updated account of human cases of H5N1by
region and time period, visit: Cumulative
Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) Reported
to WHO Summary of H5N1 Avian Influenza Situation in Birds Since mid-December 2003, several Asian countries have reported avian influenza A (H5N1) activity in poultry and wild birds. In July of 2005, the disease, which had previously been confined to Asia, was confirmed in birds in an increasing number of European countries. According to the World Organization for Animal Health and based on
criteria established in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (2005 ), large
outbreaks of A (H5N1) among birds continue to persist in: Cambodia,
China, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia.
More recently, the virus has been confirmed, in birds, in the countries
of Turkey, Romania, Croatia, Ukraine, Iraq, Nigeria, Bulgaria,
Greece, Italy, and Slovenia. For additional information about H5N1
and other avian influenza outbreaks among animals, visit the World
Organization for Animal Health Web site Source: World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, EU - Europa Information on Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Avian influenza A (H5N1) is a contagious viral infection that is thought to affect all species of birds; although rare, infection in humans can occur. The first documented infection of humans with the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus occurred in Hong Kong in 1997, when the strain caused severe respiratory disease in 18 humans, six of whom died. The infection in humans coincided with an epidemic of H5N1 in Hong Kong 's domestic poultry population. Investigation into human cases of H5N1 suggests that direct contact with infected poultry has been the primary, if not exclusive, means of infection; although, in a small number of instances a link to direct contact with infected poultry was not identifiable. In a few cases, it would appear that human-to-human transmission may have occurred. However, such cases involved extended close personal contact with an infected individual (i.e. providing bedside care for an infected relative) and no further transmission occurred. Several anti-viral drugs are available for the prevention and treatment of seasonal influenza in Canada . Although, none of the anti-viral drugs have been shown to prevent A (H5N1), studies done through the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network have shown that the anti-viral Oseltamivir may be effective in the treatment of A (H5N1). Recommendations As a precautionary measure, the Public Health Agency of Canada recommends that it would be prudent that travellers to Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Turkey, Romania, Croatia, Ukraine, Iraq, Nigeria, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, and Slovenia - where avian influenza A (H5N1) outbreaks in fowl and/or humans are confirmed, consider the following measures: Get your annual flu-shot. At this time, there is no vaccine that protects against the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. While the current seasonal flu shot does not protect against the A (H5N1) virus , immunization with it may be of benefit for travellers to geographic regions where human cases of H5N1 are being reported. Individuals who are immunized with the seasonal influenza vaccine are less likely to contract seasonal influenza; this in turn reduces the likelihood of an immunized individual becoming infected with both human and avian forms of influenza at the same time. Should a person be infected with both viruses at the same time, there is a possibility that the two viruses could “mix” and mutate into a new virus that could spread efficiently and against which humans would have no immunity. Avoid unnecessary contact with domestic poultry and wild birds . This includes poultry farms as well as markets where live and slaughtered animals such as chickens and ducks are sold, as these animals have been found to be carriers of the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Evidence suggests that the risk of infection is greatest in persons having direct contact with live and/or dead poultry including surfaces contaminated with their feces or secretions. Travellers should be aware that it is possible for the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus to stick to hair and clothing, and may be inhaled. Ensure that poultry prepared for consumption is thoroughly cooked (juice runs clear and no visible pink meat) to eliminate the risk of infection. Internal temperatures for whole chicken and parts should reach 82°C-85°C. While to date there is no evidence that the virus is transmitted through contaminated food, it is always advisable to avoid undercooked or raw poultry dishes, including eggs and egg products. Follow normal precautions regarding food storage, handling and preparation. Travellers are advised to maintain high standards of hygiene, including thorough hand washing, particularly after having contacted eggs or undercooked fowl and egg products and to avoid cross contamination with other food products. Using hot, soapy water and lathering for at least 20 seconds is the single most important procedure for preventing infections. This is because disease-causing micro-organisms can frequently be found on the hands. Alternatively, travellers can use waterless, alcohol-based antiseptic hand rinses. If there is visible soiling, hands should be washed with soap and water before using waterless antiseptic hand rinses. If soap and water are unavailable, cleanse hands first with detergent-containing towelettes to remove visible soil. Canadian Food Inspection Agency recommendations to prevent the introduction of avian flu into Canada's animal population:
As a reminder… The Public Health Agency of Canada routinely recommends that Canadian international travellers seek the advice of their personal physician or travel clinic prior to international travel, regardless of destination, for an individual risk assessment to determine their individual health risks and their need for vaccination, preventative medication, and personal protective measures.
The Public Health Agency of Canada recommends, as well, that travellers who become sick or feel unwell on their return to Canada should seek a medical assessment with their personal physician. Travellers should inform their physician, without being asked, that they have been travelling or living outside of Canada, and where they have been. Additional Information Information on Avian Influenza from the Public Health Agency of Canada Information on Influenza from the Public Health Agency of Canada
Other related information from the Public Health Agency of Canada
External Sources of Information For additional information on Avian Influenza A (H5N1) f rom the World
Health Organization (WHO) visit the WHO
Avian Influenza Disease Page For an updated account of human cases of H5N1by region and time period,
visit the following: Cumulative
Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) Reported
to WHO For international reports of the flu, visit the World
Health Organization influenza web site For international reports of infected animals by country, visit the World
Organization for Animal Health
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Last Updated: 2006-02-14 | ![]() |