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Plants > Plant Protection Policy Directives > Horticulture
File SUBJECTThis directive provides the plant protection (phytosanitary) requirements that permit the importation of fresh Asian pears from the Republic of Korea. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is presently conducting a comprehensive review of its import requirements for pears and apples from all countries. Some changes in requirements may be required after the review has been completed. Exporting countries will be notified in advance of these changes. Importers are advised to monitor this directive on the CFIA website for any additional revisions or changes. This directive has been revised to reflect a change in nomenclature. Alternaria kikuchiana (blackspot of Japanese pear) is now know as Alternaria gaisen. Table of ContentsReview Scope 1.0 General Requirements 2.0 Specific Requirements 3.0 Appendix |
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This directive will be reviewed every 2 years unless otherwise needed. The next review date for this directive is November 3, 2006. The contact for this directive is Joanne Rousson. For further information or clarification, please contact the Horticulture Section.
Approved by:
| _______________________________ Director Plant Health Division |
Amendments to this directive will be dated and distributed as outlined in the distribution below.
The trial importation period for Asian pears from Korea has been successfully completed. The requirement that orchards producing fruit for export to Canada be free of unmanaged hosts of Juniperus spp. has been removed. A Permit to Import and an advance copy of the Phytosanitary Certificate are no longer required. An original Phytosanitary Certificate must still accompany the shipment to Canada.
The certification program in this directive was proposed by Korea. The trial importation period which followed approval of the program has been concluded. A large number of shipments successfully passed inspection by the CFIA.
The requirement that orchards producing fruit for export to Canada be free of unmanaged hosts of Juniperus spp. has been removed following a PRA review of new information provided by Korea relative to Gymnosporangium yamadae.
| Scope | This directive is for the use of importers, CFIA inspectors, Customs & Revenue Canada, exporters and plant protection of the republic of Korea |
| References | Department of the Secretary of State of Canada. The
Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing. Toronto, 1993. This directive supercedes D-98-03 (3rd Revision) dated July 17, 2004. |
1.1 Legislative Authority
The Plant Protection Act, s.c. 1990, c.22
The Plant Protection Regulations, SOR/ 95-212
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice, Canada Gazette, Part 1 (05/13/2000)
1.2 Fees
The CFIA is charging fees in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice. For information regarding fees associated with imported product, please contact the Import Service Centres (ISC) at the following phone numbers: Eastern ISC 1-877-493-0468; Central ISC 1-800-835-4486; Western ISC 1-888-732-6222. Anyone requiring other information regarding fees may contact any local CFIA office or visit us at our website.
1.3 Regulated pests
| Alternaria gaisen | Blackspot |
| Carposina sasakii | Peach fruit moth |
| Conogethes punctiferalis | Yellow peach moth |
| Grapholita molesta* | Oriental fruit moth |
| Monilinia fructigena | Brown rot |
| Numonia pirivorella Tetranychus truncatus |
Pear fruitworm |
| Tetranychus viennensis | Hawthorn spider mite |
| *regulated for the province of British Columbia only | |
The above is a list of the quarantine pests considered most likely to be found on pears imported from Korea. Quarantine action will be taken when any quarantine pest is identified.
The pests regulated by this directive are known to cause crop damage and their presence may necessitate the use of chemical and cultural controls.
1.4 Regulated Commodities
Pyrus pyrifolia (=serotina)
All varieties of fresh Asian pears (including Golden pears, Shingo pears, Fragrant pears,
Sand pears, Twentieth century pears, Chinese pears, Japanese pears, Nashi pears, Oriental
pears, and Snow pears).
1.5 Commodities Exempt
Dried, processed or frozen fruit
2.1.1 Pre-shipment conditions:
2.1.1.1 The pears must originate from orchards in the Republic of Korea approved to export to Canada by the National Plant Quarantine Service of the Republic of Korea:
| - | where cultural practices and chemical controls are carried out to ensure freedom from quarantine pests; |
AND |
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| - | where monitoring programs are carried out to verify freedom from quarantine pests, including freedom from T. truncatus and T. viennensis, as specified in Appendix 1. |
AND |
|
| - | which are remote from Prunus orchards and have no unmanaged plants of Prunus spp. or other unmanaged hosts of the quarantine species either in the orchard or nearby (within 200 metres). |
2.1.1.2 The pears must be
| - | "bagged" while developing on the tree for the entire growing period and removal of bags for any reason prior to harvest shall disqualify the fruit for export, |
AND |
2.1.1.3 The pears must be appropriately inspected, packed, stored and transported, i.e:
| - | post-harvest inspected at the 5% level and graded to eliminate any visible quarantine pests; |
AND |
|
| - | subject to any post-harvest measures deemed appropriate to eliminate pests (e.g. use of air pressure hoses for residual mite removal) |
AND |
|
| - | free of quarantine pests, and free of soil, sand, leaves, and plant debris. |
| Grower lots found infested with quarantine pests must be rejected for shipment to Canada, and that grower rejected from the program for the remainder of the season. | |
| - | packed and stored in a facility approved for handling pears for export to Canada |
| The facility must be clean and maintained free of pests, soil, plant debris and discarded or infested fruit. The facility must be cleaned prior to packing if fruit for the domestic or other export markets has been packed prior to the packing of fruit for export to Canada and no other fruit should be in the facility at the time of packing. | |
| - | packed in boxes for export to Canada, with the grower name marked on the box. |
| Individual grower lots should be identifiable in order to facilitate inspection, identify growers with problems and minimize losses to the importer/exporter should pests be found. | |
| - | The pears must be safeguarded from contamination by pests originating in orchards or other crops in the vicinity during packing, loading, and transportation. |
2.2.1 A Phytosanitary Certificate is required. This document must be issued by the National Plant Quarantine Service of the Republic of Korea within 14 days prior to shipment. The original Phytosanitary Certificate must accompany the pears to Canada.
2.2.2 The Phytosanitary Certificate must bear one of the following additional declarations:
For shipments destined to the province of British Columbia:
"The material was produced under a pest management program and is free of Alternaria gaisen, Carposina sasakii, Conogethes (Dichocrocis) punctiferalis, Grapholita molesta, Numonia pirivorella, Monilinia fructigena, T. truncatus and T. viennensis."
For shipments destined to provinces other than British Columbia:
"The material was produced under a pest management program and is free of Alternaria gaisen, Carposina sasakii, Conogethes (Dichocrocis) punctiferalis, Numonia pirivorella, Monilinia fructigena, T. truncatus and T. viennensis."
Shipments may be subject to inspection and sampling on arrival to determine if pests are present. If a shipment is inspected, a representative sample of 5% of the contents will be randomly selected, and examined. If evidence of pest activity or pests are found in the initial 5% sample, a further sample may be randomly selected and examined. If pests are found, samples may be sent for laboratory identification, and the shipment will be detained pending the results.
CFIA inspectors should:
| 1) | verify that the Phytosanitary Certificate, including the additional declaration, conforms to the requirements specified under Section VII. Import Requirements of this directive; |
| 2) | examine shipments for freedom from quarantine pests (making reference to the appropriate pest fact sheets), soil, sand, leaves, and plant debris; |
| 3) | inspect according to the general instructions in the Plant Protection Import Inspection Manual for fresh fruit, Section 4.02.04; |
| 4) | take specimens if any pests are found, detain the shipment, and submit specimens for identification, according to the instructions in the Plant Protection Import Inspection Manual, Sections 4.02.04 and 4.11. |
Shipments must meet all requirements when they reach first point of arrival in Canada.
Shipments found infested with pests will be held pending laboratory identification. Shipments may be refused entry and returned to origin or disposed of if they do not meet requirements or if they are found to be infested with any quarantine pests. If requested by the importer, and determined feasible by the inspector, such shipments may be rerouted to other destinations, or diverted to approved processing facilities, provided such a course of action does not cause unwarranted pest risk. Shipments arriving in British Columbia and found infested with Oriental fruit moth may be rerouted to another province of Canada under condition that such material cannot re-enter British Columbia without treatment against Oriental fruit moth.
The discovery of living stages of any quarantine pests may result in suspension of the importation program until remedial action is taken at origin.
The importer is responsible for any and all costs relating to disposal, removal, rerouting or diversion to processing facilities, including costs incurred by the CFIA to monitor the action taken.
The Plant Health Division of CFIA will advise the National Plant Protection Organization of the Republic of Korea of any pest interceptions and of non-compliance with any conditions outlined in this directive.
Notifications of non-compliance will be issued in accordance with D-01-06: Canadian Phytosanitary Policy for the Notification of Non-compliance and Emergency Action.
Other Canadian import requirements, which are in addition to those stated above, include:
| 1) | chemical residue standards as established under the Food and Drug Regulations, |
| 2) | licensing and inspection requirements as established under the Licensing and Arbitration Regulations under the Canada Agricultural Products Act, |
| 3) | regulatory inspection as established under the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Regulations under the Canada Agricultural Products Act, and |
| 4) | packaging and labelling requirements as established under the Consumer
Packaging and Labelling Act and Regulations. It is the importer's responsibility to know and satisfy these requirements. Questions and requests for information on any requirements should be directed to local offices of CFIA. |
Appendix 1 - Monitoring Program for Tetranychid mites in Korean Orchards Exporting Asian Pears to Canada.
Monitoring Program for Tetranychid
mites in Korean Orchards
Exporting Asian Pears to Canada
1. Monitoring authority
The National Plant Quarantine Service of the Republic of Korea
2. Number of orchards to be monitored
All exporting orchards must be individually surveyed, as different species will be prevalent in different orchards at different times.
3&4 Monitoring period and frequency
Orchards must be monitored once per month from June until just before harvest. The final sampling must be done as close as possible to harvest time but while male mites are still present to permit species identification, i.e. about one week prior to harvest. The date for the final monitoring will vary according to the harvest time for the variety, e.g. approximately mid-September for Golden pears and late October for Shingo pears. Monitoring should be conducted when mites are most likely to be present. For example, sampling should be done before, not immediately after, spraying and irrigating. Sampling should be done close to the times when the mite population peaks in April and September, and before and after the monsoon rains, not during the rains.
5. Number of trees and leaves to be sampled for each exporting orchard
Number of trees
A minimum of 10 trees should be sampled per exporting orchard of 1.5 hectares or less, with 10 additional trees being sampled for each additional 1.5 hectares, e.g. for orchards 1.5 hectares or less, 10 trees should be sampled, while for orchards between 1.5 and 3.0 hectares, 20 trees would be sampled, etc. Because phytophagous mite distribution is not uniform, two trees should be sampled near every corner of each plot, and two trees near or at the centre of the plot.
Leaf collection
For each tree sampled, 10 leaves should be collected randomly at shoulder height while walking around the circumference of the tree. The leaves should be collected from the flower cluster at the beginning of the season and the fruit cluster later in the season. If suckers have not been physically removed, 20% of the leaf samples may be obtained from the suckers. Leaf samples should not be taken from the tip of branches as it is unlikely mites will be found there. The leaves should be placed in a separate paper bag, labelled, stapled shut and placed immediately in a cooler or refrigerator (approximately 4 degrees C).
Mite collection and identification
The leaves should be examined for mites within 24 hours of collection. It is suggested that, just prior to examination, the leaves should be placed in a freezer for 5 minutes in order to slow down mite activity. All leaves should be examined under a dissection microscope and all tetranychid adults removed with a brush and placed in a separate vial containing 70-75% alcohol for later species identification. Several males and several females (preferably ten of each sex) from each vial should be mounted on slides, examined under a compound microscope and identified by a mite specialist (taxonomist). Identification in the field with a hand lens or by a dissection scope is not acceptable.
6. Measures after monitoring
Orchards found with a quarantine mite at any time during the season must be excluded from designated orchards for export to Canada.
7. Reporting
In the event of discovery of any mites of concern to Canada, a report on the monitoring must be submitted to the Canadian to the Canadian Plant Health and Production Division.
The report should clearly identify each affected orchard, and clearly indicate the species of Tetranychus found each time monitoring took place, the dates of monitoring the dates of spraying, and preferably, the name of the compounds utilized. The report should also indicate the dates when the mite population peaked and the dates the monsoon rains occurred in the province. The number of specimens of each species found is not required. If, however, there are any concerns regarding the report, the CFIA may require Korea to suspend shipments until any concerns have been rectified.
For audit purposes, Canada reserves the right to request a summary report of all sampling and results carried out for the purposes of this program.
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