Offender Population

PDF version

Table of Contents

1. Federal offenders under the jurisdiction of Correctional Service of Canada
2. The number of incarcerated federal offenders increased in 2004-05
3. The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has been stable
4. The number of women admitted from the courts to federal jurisdiction has fluctuated
5. Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing
6. The average age at admission is lower for Aboriginal offenders
   than for non-Aboriginal offenders
7. 14% of the federal incarcerated offender population is age 50 or over
8. 70% of federal offenders are Caucasian
9. The religious identification of the offender population is diverse
10. 11% of federal offenders have a mental health diagnosis at admission
11. The proportion of Aboriginal offenders incarcerated is higher
    than for non-Aboriginal offenders
12. The majority of incarcerated federal offenders are classified as medium security risk
13. Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence have decreased by 26%
14. 70% of federal offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence
15. The number of Aboriginal offenders under federal jurisdiction did not change in 2004-05
16. The number of escapes has decreased
17. The supervised federal offender population in the community is decreasing
18. Conditional Sentences have increased the provincial/territorial
    community corrections population
19. The number of offenders on provincial parole has declined

Federal offenders under the jurisdiction of Correctional Service of Canada

Figure C1

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Definitions:

Total Offender Population includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions and those on temporary absence), offenders who are temporarily detained, actively supervised, on bail, escaped, unlawfully at large and those that have been deported.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions.

On Bail includes offenders on a judicial interim release; they have appealed their conviction or sentence and have been released to await the results of a new trial.

Actively Supervised includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole or statutory release, as well as those who are in the community on long-term supervision orders.

Community Supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

Temporarily Detained includes offenders who are physically held in a provincial detention center or a federal institution after being suspended for a breach of a parole condition or to prevent a breach of parole conditions.

Deported includes offenders for whom a deportation order has been issued by Citizenship and Immigration Canada.

Escaped includes offenders who have absconded from either a correctional facility or while on a temporary absence and whose whereabouts are unknown.

Unlawfully at Large includes offenders who have been released to the community on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or a long term supervision order for whom a warrant for suspension has been issued, but has not yet been executed.

Table C1. As of April 10, 2005.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
It is possible for an offender under federal jurisdiction to serve his or her sentence in a provincial institution. The data presented
include these offenders as they are still under federal jurisdiction.

The number of incarcerated federal offenders increased in 2004-05

Figure C2

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• Following consecutive decreases in the federal incarcerated offender population from 1996-97 to 2003-04, there was a small increase (1.7%) in 2004-05.
• The provincial/territorial sentenced offender population in custody decreased from 1996-97 to 2003-04 while the remand population increased during this period.

Note:
*The data reflect the number of offenders incarcerated at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year. The term "incarcerated" refers to those offenders serving a sentence of two years or more who are currently serving their sentence in a federal or provincial correctional facility. These numbers include those offenders who are in the community on some form of temporary absence at the time of the count. These numbers do not include those offenders who have had their supervision period suspended and are temporarily detained, those offenders who are on bail, or those offenders who have escaped and have not yet been recaptured at the time of the count.

Table C2

Source: ¹Correctional Service Canada; ²Adult Correctional Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:
Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions.
The figures for federal offenders reflect yearly snapshots as of the last day of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March
31 of the following year. The figures for provincial and territorial offenders reflect annual average counts.
-- Data not available.

The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has been stable

Figure C3

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• The number of admissions has been relatively stable over the past 10 years.
• The number of warrant of committal admissions to federal jurisdiction increased 7.4% from 4,230 in 2003-04 to 4,544 in 2004-05.
• The number of women admitted to federal jurisdiction under warrant of committal decreased from 237 in 2003-04 to 229 in 2004-05.

Note:
*"Other" includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.
These numbers refer to the federal jurisdiction admissions during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of
offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C3

Type of Admission

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

Women

Women

Women

Women

Women

Warrant of
Committal

1 st Federal
Sentence

211

2,941

189

2,762

176

2,833

202

2,725

210

3,024

All Others

20

1,108

13

1,153

29

1,237

35

1,268

19

1,291

Subtotal

231

4,049

202

3,915

205

4,070

237

3,993

229

4,315

Total

4,280

4,117

4,275

4,230

4,544

Revocations

134

3,127

128

3,038

142

3,156

139

3,078

142

3,072

Total

3,261

3,166

3,298

3,217

3,214

Other*

24

156

13

150

8

153

12

165

16

146

Total

180

163

161

177

162

389

7,332

343

7,103

355

7,379

388

7,236

387

7,533

Total
Admissions

7,721

7,446

7,734

7,624

7,920

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*“Other” includes transfers from other jurisdictions through exchange of services, terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

The number of women admitted from the courts to federal jurisdiction has fluctuated

Figure C4

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• The number of admissions increased from 1995-96 to 1998-99 and has fluctuated since that time.
• Overall, women continue to represent a small proportion of the total number of admissions (i.e., 5.0% in 2004-05).
• As of April 10, 2005, there were 368 women incarcerated in Canada under federal jurisdiction.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C4.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing

Figure C5.

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• In 2004-05, 36.0% of offenders admitted to federal jurisdiction were between the ages of 20 and 29, and 30.3% were between 30 and 39 years of age.
• The distribution of age upon admission is similar for both men and women.
• The median age of the population upon admission has increased from 30 in 1994-95 to 33 in 2004-05.
• The number of offenders between the ages of 40 and 49 at admission has increased from 692 (14.5%) in 1994-95 to 924 (20.3%) in 2004-05, whereas the number of offenders between the ages of 25 and 29 decreased from 987 (20.6%) in 1994-95 to 763 (16.8%) in 2004-05.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C5

Age at Admission

1994-95

2004-05

Women

Men

Total

Women

Men

Total

#

%

#

%

#

%

#

%

#

%

#

%

Under 18

0

0.0

16

0.3

16

0.3

0

0.0

6

0.1

6

0.1

18 and 19

5

3.3

231

5.0

236

4.9

9

3.9

193

4.5

202

4.4

20 to 24

24

15.9

936

20.2

960

20.1

30

13.1

841

19.5

871

19.2

25 to 29

30

19.9

957

20.6

987

20.6

39

17.0

724

16.8

763

16.8

30 to 34

42

27.8

883

19.1

925

19.3

42

18.3

672

15.6

714

15.7

35 to 39

23

15.2

594

12.8

617

12.9

36

15.7

626

14.5

662

14.6

40 to 44

17

11.3

409

8.8

426

8.9

34

14.8

570

13.2

604

13.3

45 to 49

7

4.6

259

5.6

266

5.6

19

8.3

301

7.0

320

7.0

50 to 59

3

2.0

239

5.2

242

5.1

17

7.4

266

6.2

283

6.2

60 to 69

0

0.0

89

1.9

89

1.9

3

1.3

98

2.3

101

2.2

70 and over

0

0.0

21

0.5

21

0.4

0

0.0

18

0.4

18

0.4

Total

151

4,634

4,785

229

4,315

4,544

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

The average age at admission is lower for Aboriginal offenders
than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Figure C6

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• Of those offenders admitted to federal jurisdiction in 2004-05, 50.4% of Aboriginal offenders were under the age of 30, compared to 38.5% of non-Aboriginal offenders.
• The median age of Aboriginal offenders at admission is 29, compared to a median age of 33 for non-Aboriginal offenders.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C6

Age at Admission

1994-95

2004-05

Aboriginal

Non-
Aboriginal

Total

Aboriginal

Non- Aboriginal

Total

#

%

#

%

#

%

#

%

#

%

#

%

Under 18

3

0.4

13

0.3

16

0.3

0

0.0

6

0.2

6

0.1

18 and 19

41

6.1

195

4.7

236

4.9

54

6.9

148

3.9

202

4.4

20 to 24

173

25.7

787

19.1

960

20.1

176

22.4

695

18.5

871

19.2

25 to 29

157

23.3

830

20.2

987

20.6

167

21.2

596

15.9

763

16.8

30 to 34

130

19.3

795

19.3

925

19.3

134

17.0

580

15.4

714

15.7

35 to 39

75

11.1

542

13.2

617

12.9

101

12.8

561

14.9

662

14.6

40 to 44

45

6.7

381

9.3

426

8.9

83

10.5

521

13.9

604

13.3

45 to 49

23

3.4

243

5.9

266

5.6

38

4.8

282

7.5

320

7.0

50 to 59

19

2.8

223

5.4

242

5.1

22

2.8

261

6.9

283

6.2

60 to 69

5

0.7

84

2.0

89

1.9

9

1.1

92

2.4

101

2.2

70 and over

2

0.3

19

0.5

21

0.4

3

0.4

15

0.4

18

0.4

Total

673

4,112

4,785

787

3,757

4,544

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

14% of the federal incarcerated offender population is age 50 or over

Figure C7

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

• In 2004-05, 14.4% of incarcerated offenders were above the age of 50 compared to 11.5% in 1997-98.
• In 2004-05, 41.3% of the incarcerated federal offender population was between the ages of 35 and 49, while 31.4% of the Canadian population* was within this age group.
• The community federal offender population was older than the incarcerated population; 26.2% of offenders in the community were over 50, compared to 14.4% of the incarcerated offenders in this age group.

Note:
*Annual Demographic Statistics 2004, Statistics Canada.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absence.

Table C7

Age

Incarcerated

Community

Total

% of Canadian adult population*

#

%

#

%

#

%

%

Under 18

3

<0.1

0

0.0

3

<0.1

-

18 and 19

140

1.1

17

0.2

157

0.8

3.5

20 to 24

1,664

13.2

662

8.1

2,326

11.2

8.9

25 to 29

1,891

15.0

1,026

12.5

2,917

14.0

8.6

30 to 34

1,889

15.0

1,054

12.8

2,943

14.1

9.1

35 to 39

1,999

15.8

1,155

14.1

3,154

15.1

10.1

40 to 49

3,214

25.5

2,161

26.3

5,375

25.8

21.3

50 to 59

1,314

10.4

1,345

16.4

2,659

12.8

16.3

60 to 69

428

3.4

588

7.2

1,016

4.9

10.3

70 and over

82

0.6

210

2.6

292

1.4

11.8

Total

12,624

100.0

8,218

100.0

20,842

100.0

100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

Note:
*Annual Demographic Statistics 2004, Statistics Canada.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence.

Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data presented is a snapshot of the offender population as of April 10, 2005.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100.0.

70% of federal offenders are Caucasian

Figure C8

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• The federal offender population is diverse; however, 70.3% of offenders identify themselves as Caucasian.
• These proportions have changed little since 2002.

Note:

These data are self-identified by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

“Aboriginal” includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian. “Asian” includes offenders who are Arab, West Indian, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South East Asian and South Asian. “Hispanic” includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American.

Table C8

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
The data reflects the total offender population, which includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions and those on temporary absence), offenders who are on community supervision, on bail, escaped and unlawfully at large. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

These data are self-identified by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100.0.

The religious identification of the offender population is diverse

Figure C9

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• The religious identification of the current federal offender population is diverse. The two most frequently declared religions are Catholic (42.4%), and Protestant (20.8%). Twenty percent of offenders declare no religion.
• These proportions have changed little since 2002.

Note:
Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

“Catholic” includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic, and Ukrainian-Catholic. “Orthodox” includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Ukrainian Orthodox. “Protestant” includes offenders who are Anglican, Baptist, Christian Missionary, Christian Reform, Hutterite, Lutheran, Mennonite, Moravian, Native Spirit Protestant, Pentecostal, Presbyterian, Protestant, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, United Church and Worldwide Church. “Other” includes other declared identifications such as Agnostic, Atheist, Baha’i, Christian Science, Hindu, Jehovah’s Witness, Mormon, Rastafarian, Scientology, Siddha Yoga, Taoism, Wicca and Zoroastrian.

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence) and federal offenders who are on community supervision, on bail, escaped and unlawfully at large. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

Table C9

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence) and federal offenders who are on community supervision, on bail, escaped and unlawfully at large. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100.0.

11% of federal offenders have a mental health diagnosis at admission

Figure C10

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• The percentage of offenders committed to federal jurisdiction with a mental health diagnosis at time of admission is increasing.
• In 2004-05, 11% of offenders committed to federal jurisdiction had a mental health diagnosis at time of admission and 6% were receiving outpatient services prior to admission.
• In 2004-05, 40% of female offenders compared to 17% of male offenders had previously been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons.
• The percentage of federally incarcerated offenders prescribed medication for psychiatric concerns at admission has more than doubled from 10% in 1996-97 to 22% in 2004-05.
• Female offenders are twice as likely as male offenders to have a mental health diagnosis or to be prescribed medication for mental health concerns at time of admission.

Note:
Data are from the Correctional Service of Canada’s Offender Intake Assessment process, where all new admissions are screened at intake for the presence of dynamic needs factors, which may need to be addressed through treatment.

Table C10 (2004-05)

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
Data are from the Correctional Service of Canada’s Offender Intake Assessment process, where all new admissions are screened at intake for the presence of dynamic needs factors, which may need to be addressed through treatment.

The proportion of aboriginal offenders incarcerated is higher than for non-aboriginal offenders

Figure C11

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• As of March 31, 2005, the proportion of offenders incarcerated was about 9% greater for Aboriginal offenders (67.9%) than for non-Aboriginal offenders (59.1%).
• Aboriginal women represent 27.2% of all incarcerated women while Aboriginal men represent 17.9% of incarcerated men.
• In 2004-05, Aboriginal offenders represented 16.2% of the total federal offender population while Aboriginal adults represent 2.7% of the Canadian adult population*.
• Aboriginal offenders accounted for 18.2% of the incarcerated population and 13.2% of the community population in 2004-05.

Note:
*2001 Census, Statistics Canada.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C11

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions.

Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The majority of incarcerated federal offenders are classified as medium security risk

Figure C12

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• 65.1% of federal offenders are classified as medium security risk.
• A lower percentage of Aboriginal offenders are classified as minimum security risk compared to non-Aboriginal offenders (14.4% and 20.9%, respectively).
• 16.3% of Aboriginal offenders are classified as maximum security risk compared to 14.9% of non-Aboriginal offenders.

Note:
The data represent the security level of the offender, as of April 10, 2005.

Table C12

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
*The “not yet determined” category includes offenders who have not yet been classified.

The data represent the security level of the offender, as of April 10, 2005.

Incarcerated offenders include male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absence.

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence have decreased by 26%

Figure C13

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• From 1994-95 to 2004-05, the number of admissions to federal jurisdiction with a life/indeterminate* sentence has decreased by 25.8%. In comparison, the number of admissions overall has decreased by 11.7% since 1994-95.
• In 1994-95, the average age at admission for an offender who received a life/indeterminate sentence was 33, whereas in 2004-05, the average age was 35.
• As of April 10, 2005, there were a total of 2,828 offenders incarcerated with a life/indeterminate sentence. Of these, 2,762 (97.7%) were men and 66 (2.3%) were women; 486 (17.2%) were Aboriginal and 2,342 (82.8%) were non-Aboriginal.
• As of April 10, 2005 , 22% of the total federal population were serving a life/indeterminate sentence. Of these offenders, 63% were incarcerated and 37% were being supervised in the community.

Note:
*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A lifesentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court, for example to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C13

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A lifesentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court, for example to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period.

70% of federal offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence*

Figure C14

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• As of April 10, 2005, a greater proportion of Aboriginal offenders than non-Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a violent offence (82.0% versus 67.4%, respectively).
• 80.0% of Aboriginal women offenders were serving a sentence for a violent offence compared to 50.2% of non-Aboriginal women offenders.
• A greater proportion of Aboriginal offenders than non-Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a Schedule I offence (64.8% versus 48.9%, respectively).
• 4.5% of Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a Schedule II offence compared to 16.0% of non-Aboriginal offenders. 4.5% of Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a Schedule II offence compared to 16.0% of non-Aboriginal offenders.
• Of those offenders serving a sentence for Murder, 3.5% were women and 15.1% were Aboriginal.
• 28.0% of women were serving a sentence for a Schedule II offence compared to 13.6% for men.

Note:

*Violent offence includes Murder I, Murder II, and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences, or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

Table C14

Offence Category

Aboriginal

Non-Aboriginal

Total

Women

Men

Total

Women

Men

Total

Women

Men

Total

Murder I

2

123

125

21

763

784

23

886

909

Percent

1.0

3.7

3.6

3.0

4.4

4.3

2.5

4.3

4.2

Murder II

22

452

474

93

2,485

2,578

115

2,937

3,052

Percent

10.7

13.7

13.6

13.2

14.2

14.2

12.6

14.1

14.1

Schedule I

140

2,128

2,268

241

8,666

8,907

381

10,794

11,175

Percent

68.3

64.6

64.8

34.1

49.5

48.9

41.8

51.9

51.5

Schedule II

26

133

159

229

2,691

2,920

255

2,824

3,079

Percent

12.7

4.0

4.5

32.4

15.4

16.0

28.0

13.6

14.2

Non-Schedule

15

457

472

123

2,892

3,015

138

3,349

3,487

Percent

7.3

13.9

13.5

17.4

16.5

16.6

15.1

16.1

16.1

205

3,293

707

17,497

912

20,790

Total

3,498

18,204

21,702

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Violent offence includes Murder I, Murder II, and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II comprises serious drug offences, or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence), offenders who are on community supervision, on bail, escaped and unlawfully at large. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

These figures are based on the offender population as of April 10, 2005.

The number of Aboriginal offenders under federal jurisdiction did not change in 2004-05

Figure C15

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• From 1996-97 to 2003-04, the Aboriginal population under federal jurisdiction increased by 21.7%. There was no change from 2003-04 to 2004-05.
• The number of incarcerated Aboriginal women increased steadily from 62 in 1996-97 to 100 in 2004-05, an increase of 61.3% in the last eight years. The increase for incarcerated Aboriginal men was 9.0% for the same period, increasing from 2,014 to 2,196.
• The number of Aboriginal offenders on community supervision increased from 1996-97 to 2004-05, an increase of 55.0% in the last eight years, from 700 to 1,085. The Aboriginal community population accounted for 13.2% of the total community population in 2004-05.

Note:
*Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions.

**Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

Table C15

Source: Correctional Service of Canada

Note:
Regional statistics for the Correctional Service of Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies region, and data for the Yukon Territories are reported in the Pacific Region.

The number of escapes has decreased

Figure C16

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

• In 2004-05, there were 32 escape incidents involving a total of 33 inmates. Of these 33 escapees, 31 had been recaptured as of April 1, 2005. One of the escapees was a woman.
• In 2004-05, of the 33 escapees, 31 escaped from minimum security facilities.
• Inmates who escaped from federal institutions in 2004-05 represented less than 0.2% of the inmate population.

Table C16

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represent the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

An escape incident can involve more than one offender.

The supervised federal offender population in the community is decreasing

Figure C17

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

• The federal offender population in the community under active supervision** increased from 1996-97 to 1999-00 but has decreased in the last five years.
• In 2004-05, there were 6,167 men and 408 women on active community supervision.

Note:
*A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

**The data presented above do not include offenders temporarily detained following suspension of a conditional release, offenders who were on long term supervision orders, or offenders paroled for deportation.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the National Parole Board whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the National Parole Board.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the National Parole Board whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Table C17

Supervision Type of Federal Offenders

Year

Day Parole

Full Parole

Statutory Release

Totals

Percent Change*

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

Both

Both

1996-97

39

843

260

3,725

26

2,101

325

6,669

6,994

-

1997-98

60

1,147

272

3,623

30

2,138

362

6,908

7,270

3.9

1998-99

85

1,300

287

3,881

39

2,112

411

7,293

7,704

6.0

1999-00

83

1,200

334

4,013

35

2,184

452

7,397

7,849

1.9

2000-01

68

1,097

328

3,925

51

2,112

447

7,134

7,581

-3.4

2001-02

55

1,018

298

3,654

56

2,109

409

6,781

7,190

-5.2

2002-03

71

969

267

3,469

54

2,132

392

6,570

6,962

-3.2

2003-04

67

986

259

3,412

42

2,120

368

6,518

6,886

-1.1

2004-05

90

872

249

3,296

69

1,999

408

6,167

6,575

-4.5

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:
*Percent change is measured from the previous year.

These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The data presented above do not include offenders temporarily detained following suspension of a conditional release, offenders who were on long term supervision orders, or offenders paroled for deportation.

Conditional Sentences have increased the provincial/territorial
community corrections population

Figure C18

• Since the introduction of the conditional sentence as a sentencing option in September 1996, the number of offenders serving a conditional sentence has increased steadily.
• In 2003-04, the total number of offenders on probation was 100,993.
• Probation counts have changed little over the past decade.

Note:
A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

Probation count data are not available for Nunavut in 1999-00, 2000-01 and 2002-03 and for New Brunswick in 2000-01 to 2002-03. Data are not available from the Northwest Territories for all years.

Data reporting conditional sentences begins in 1997-98 as this was the first full year for which data were available. For 1998-99 and 1999-00, figures are not available for Prince Edward Island. For 1997-98 to 2002-03, figures are not available for New Brunswick. For 1997-98 to 2001-02, figures are not available for the Northwest Territories. For 1999-00, 2000-01, and 2002-03, figures are not available for Nunavut.

Table C18

Source: Adult Corrections Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:
A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

Probation count data are not available for Nunavut in 1999-00, 2000-01 and 2002-03 and for New Brunswick in 2000-01 to 2002-03. Data are not available from the Northwest Territories for all years.

--Data reporting conditional sentences begins in 1997-98 as this was the first full year for which data were available. For 1998-99 and 1999-00, figures are not available for Prince Edward Island. For 1997-98 to 2002-03, figures are not available for New Brunswick. For 1997-98 to 2001-02, figures are not available for the Northwest Territories. For 1999-00, 2000-01, and 2002-03, figures are not available for Nunavut.

The number of offenders on provincial parole has declined

Figure C19

Source: Adult Corrections Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

• The number of offenders on provincial parole decreased from 1993-94 to 2003-04.
• The greatest decline of offenders on provincial parole has occurred in Ontario and Quebec.

Note:
Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. The National Parole Board has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces and to territorial offenders in the Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories.

Table C19

Source: Adult Corrections Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:
*The data represent the number of provincial offenders who are released from custody on the authority of the National Parole Board and supervised by the Correctional Service of Canada.