Variety Identification

The variety in question

The Variety Identification section supports the integrity of Canada's grain quality assurance system through variety testing and by researching and developing identification methods. The section has three programs:

• Variety Identification Monitoring
• Variety Identification Research
• GMO Identification Research

Through the work of the section, the Canadian Grain Commission (CGC) leads in the development of variety identification technology, the establishment of comprehensive variety fingerprint databases for wheat and barley, and in the implementation of these tools for the benefit of Canada's grain industry. The CGC is also committed to transferring variety identification technology to the private sector for use in commercial variety identification testing.

Variety Identification Monitoring

The unit monitors Canadian wheat exports for the presence of ineligible varieties that may be visually indistinguishable from designated varieties in a particular class. Through monitoring, we identify these ineligible varieties and protect the integrity of Canadian wheat exports.

Variety Identification Research

The unit develops new methods for identifying varieties. Currently, we perform protein electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting on individual kernels of grain. Many kernels must be analysed to determine the variety composition of a sample. Our long-term goal is to develop a DNA-based method that will determine the variety composition of a ground sample of grain rather than multiple individual kernels.

GMO Identification Research

The unit develops and evaluates polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detection, identification and quantification of GMOs (genetically modified organisms) in grains and oilseeds. We also participate in GMO proficiency tests organized by AACC International, the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration, and the International Seed Testing Association.

Methods and standards

We use polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography for protein-based variety identification. We use microsatellite-based systems for DNA fingerprinting.

Our database of protein- and DNA-based fingerprints is unique and growing. It represents about 800 wheat and barley varieties, including registered and historic ones.

We use advanced technologies and tools for DNA analysis. We have an automated DNA analyzer and instruments for real-time PCR.Experience and expertise

Experience and expertise

Our staff's technical expertise and familiarity with wheat and barley varieties, both domestic and international, is extensive. The section is internationally recognized for its methods and research.

To find out more about our staff, their research and area of expertise, read the biographies for:

Tigst Demeke, Program Manager, GMO Identification Research

Brigitte Dupuis, Program Manager, Variety Identification Monitoring

Daniel Perry, Program Manager, Variety Identification Research