REMOVAL ORDER APPEALS
Legal Services
February 1, 2002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Memorandum to all IAD members: Removal Order
Appeals
- INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. Jurisdiction of the Appeal Division on Removal Order Appeals
- 1.3. Attributes of a Removal Order Appeal
- 1.4. Remedies
- DANGER TO THE PUBLIC OPINIONS
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Test
- 2.3. Timing of the Opinion
- 2.3.1. Transitional Provisions
- 2.3.2. Non-Transitional Cases
- 2.4. Arguments Made on the "Danger
to the Public" Opinions
- 2.4.1. Constitutionally Vague
- 2.4.2. Duty to Give Reasons
- 2.4.3. Right to an Oral Hearing
- 2.4.4. Other
- 2.5. "Danger to the Public" and
Stays of Removal
- PERMANENT RESIDENCE
- 3.1. How the Issue Arises
- 3.1.1. Right of Appeal
- 3.1.2. Section 19 of the Immigration Act
- 3.1.3. Subsection 27(1) of the Immigration Act
- 3.1.4. Subsection 27(2) of the Immigration Act
- 3.2. Relevant Statutory Provisions
- 3.2.1. Subsection 2(1) of the Immigration Act
- 3.2.2. Immigration Act
- 3.2.3. Citizenship Act
- 3.3. Landing
- 3.3.1. Inland Applications for Landing
- 3.3.1.1. Ministerial Power of Exemption
- 3.3.2. Effect of Misrepresentations on Landing
- 3.3.2.1. Landing Granted by Reason of a Misrepresentation
- 3.4. Canadian Citizenship
- 3.4.1. Becoming a Citizen/Proof of Citizenship
- 3.4.2. Ceasing to be a Canadian Citizen
- 3.5. Ceasing to Be a Permanent Resident (Loss of Status)
- 3.5.1. Intention to Abandon Canada
- 3.5.1.1. Presumption: subsection 24(2) of the Immigration
Act
- 3.5.1.2. Intention: paragraph 24(1) of the Immigration
Act
- 3.5.1.3. Minors
- 3.5.1.4. Returning Resident Permit
- 3.5.2. Removal Orders
- 3.5.2.1. Timing
- VALID VISAS
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Valid Immigrant Visa
- 4.2.1. Appeal Division Jurisprudence
- 4.2.1.1. Sponsorship Undertakings
- 4.2.1.2. Identity
- 4.2.1.3. Marriage and Children
- 4.2.1.4. Revocation of Visas
- 4.3. Valid Visitor's Visa
- REMOVAL FOR MISREPRESENTATION
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Legislative Framework
- 5.3. Jurisdiction
- 5.4. Application of Paragraph27(1)(e )
- 5.4.1. Document Pertaining to Admission
- 5.4.2. Materiality
- 5.4.3. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- 5.5. Discretionary Jurisdiction
- TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF LANDING
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Knowingly Contravened
- 6.3 Imposition of Terms and Conditions
- 6.3.1 Relevant Legislative Provisions
- 6.3.2 Entrepreneur
- 6.3.2.1 Discretionary Jurisdiction
- 6.3.3 Fiancées
- 6.3.3.1 Discretionary Jurisdiction
- 6.4 Variation of Terms and Conditions
- 6.4.1 Relevant legislative provision
- 6.4.2 Interpretation of section 15
- CRIMINAL GROUNDS FOR REMOVAL
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Paragraph 27(1)(a)
- 7.2.1. Paragraph 19(1)(l)
- 7.3. Paragraphs 27(1)(a.1) and (a.3)
- 7.4. Paragraph 27(1)(d)
- 7.4.1. Meaning of "Conviction"
- 7.4.2. The Contraventions Act
- 7.5. Legal Validity
- 7.6. Discretionary Jurisdiction
- CRIMINAL EQUIVALENCY
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Relevant Legislative Provisions
- 8.2.1. Inadmissible classes
- 8.2.2. Permanent resident removal classes
- 8.2.3. Non-permanent residents in Canada
- 8.3. General Principles
- 8.3.1. Equating the foreign offence to a Canadian federal
statute
- 8.3.2. Determining equivalence
- 8.3.2.1. Where the foreign legislation is available
- 8.3.2.2. Where the foreign legislation is not available
- 8.3.2.3. Where the allegation involves the "commission" of
an offence outside Canada
- 8.3.2.4. Malum in se offences
- 8.4. Specific Rules and Considerations
- 8.4.1. "Reasonable grounds to believe"
- 8.4.2. Sufficiency of evidence
- 8.4.2.1. Where there is a foreign conviction
- 8.4.2.2. Evidence of "commission"
- 8.4.3. The relevant time for assessing equivalency
- 8.4.4. Report and direction or visa refusal letter as limiting
factors
- 8.4.5. "Hybrid offences"
- 8.4.6. Two convictions "not arising out of a single
occurrence"
- 8.4.7. Meaning of the term "convicted"
- 8.4.7.1. Effect of a discharge
- 8.4.7.2. Effect of a pardon
- 8.4.8. Rehabilitation to overcome a prohibition against admission
- 8.4.9. Transitional provisions and the effect of amendments
to the Immigration Act
- 8.5. Organized Crime
- 8.5.1. Paragraph 19(1)(c.2)
- 8.5.2. Paragraph 19(1)(d)
- 8.6. War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
- 8.7. Offences Committed Outside Canada by Young Offenders
- 8.8. Discretionary Jurisdiction
- DISCRETIONARY JURISDICTION
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. All the Circumstances of the Case: Paragraph
70(1)(b)
- 9.2.1. Nature, Gravity and Pattern of Offences
- 9.2.1.1. Health, Safety and Good Order of Canadian Society
- 9.2.1.2. Circumstances Surrounding Conviction and Sentencing
- 9.2.1.3. Outstanding Criminal Charges
- 9.2.1.4. Victim-Impact Evidence
- 9.2.2. Rehabilitation
- 9.2.2.1 Burden of Proof
- 9.2.2.2. Assessment of Risk
- 9.2.2.3. Indicia of Rehabilitation
- 9.2.2.3.1. Remorse and Understanding of Nature and
Consequences of Conduct
- 9.2.2.3.2. Demonstrable Efforts to become Rehabilitated
- 9.2.3. Establishment in Canada
- 9.2.4. Family Members in Canada
- 9.2.5. Family and Community Support
- 9.2.6. Hardship
- 9.2.7. Circumstances of Misrepresentation
- 9.2.8. Circumstances of Failure to Comply with Terms and
Conditions of Landing
- 9.3. Continuing Nature of Discretionary Jurisdiction
- REMEDIES AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF A STAY
- 10.1. Section 70 Appeal Remedies
- 10.2. Terms and Conditions Generally
- 10.2.1. Specific Terms and Conditions
- 10.2.2. Consent to Terms and Conditions
- 10.3. Other Remedies
- 10.3.1. Return to Canada
- 10.3.2. Confidentiality Application
- 10.3.3. Abandonment
- SECTION 70 OF THE IMMIGRATION ACT AND
THE CHARTER
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Jurisdiction of the Appeal Division
- 11.2.1. Subsection 24(1)
- 11.2.2. Subsection 24(2)
- 11.2.3. Subsection 52(1)
- 11.3. Appeal by Permanent Residents and Holders of Returning
Resident
Permits
[Subsection
70(1)]
- 11.3.1. Permanent residents
- 11.3.1.1. Applicable sections of the Charter
- 11.3.1.2. Deportation of permanent residents
- 11.3.1.3. Partial limitation of right of appeal of permanent
residents [subsection 70(4)]
- 11.3.1.4. Restrictions totales au droit d'appel des résidents
permanents [paragraphe 70(5)]
- 11.3.1.5. Appeal on equitable grounds [paragraph 70(1)(b) ]
- 11.4. Appeal by Refugees and Visa Holders [Subsections
70(2) AND (3)]
- 11.4.1. Refugees
- 11.4.2. Deportation of refugees
- 11.4.2.1. Limitation of right of appeal provided for
in subsection 70(3.1)
- 11.5. Unreasonable Delays
- 11.6. Procedures
- 11.6.1. Notice
- 11.6.2. Miscellaneous
- APPEALS BY THE MINISTER
- 12.1. Introduction
- 12.1.1. Relevant Legislative Provisions
- 12.2. Immigration Inquiries
- 12.2.1. Port-of-Entry Inquiries
- 12.2.2. Inland Inquiries
- 12.2.2.1. Inquiries as a Result of Report and Direction
- 12.2.2.2. Inquiries as a Result of Arrest without a Warrant
- 12.3. Removal Orders
- 12.4. Issues Pertaining to Admissibility or Removal From Canada
- 12.5. Nature of a Section 71 Hearing
- 12.6. The Remedies Available
- 12.6.1. Type of Removal Order
- 12.7. Deemed Section 70 Appeal
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