TABLE OF CONTENTS

• PART I - INTRODUCTION
• PART II - CANADA'S USE OF ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
• 1. Imports Affected by Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures
• 2. Domestic Shipments Affected by Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures
• PART III - INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
• 1. Measures Initiated by WTO Members
• 2. Measures in Force by Product
• 3. Measures Directed at Exporting Countries by WTO Members
• 4. Where Canada Stands

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CANADIAN & INTERNATIONAL USE OF ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
1988-1995
Research Branch
Canadian International Trade Tribunal
Po-Yee Lee
MAY 1997

Note on Terminology Anti-dumping and countervailing measures affecting imports from a country as a result of a material injury finding or an undertaking are referred to as "actions". There are differences between Parts II and III of this paper in how such actions are counted, primarily because of the kinds of analysis undertaken in each part. In particular, the data in Part II were developed to assess the effects of measures on imports and production. The analysis in Part II had to be limited to the number of actions in the absence of data on imports and industry shipments. In Part II, the total number of actions does not include undertakings of which there were a small number in place. They were excluded because of the absence of import and shipment data required for estimating the effects of measures over time. In addition, an anti-dumping and a countervailing measure affecting imports of the same product from the same country are counted as a single action. To count them as separate actions would have resulted in double counting in the analysis of the effects of measures on imports and shipments. Similarly, a measure against exports from the EU counts as an action only against those member states which had exported to Canada. With regard to when an action is considered to be "in place", the first year is that of the preliminary determination of dumping or subsidization and of material injury; the last is the year prior to the year the action was rescinded or expired. Finally, a "finding" can include several "actions" affecting imports of the same product from more than one country. The term is used to reflect the fact that Tribunal inquiries and reviews often reach findings affecting imports of the same product from more than one country. In Part III, the total number of actions includes undertakings. In addition, an anti-dumping and a countervailing measure affecting imports of the same product from the same country are counted as two separate actions. Countervailing measures against exports from the EU are counted as separate actions against each of the member states, unless the report to the WTO specified a particular member state or states. Finally, the first year an action is considered to be "in force" is that of the finding of material injury or of the undertaking. The term finding refers to the decision of the authorities to apply an action.

PART I - INTRODUCTION

Each year since 1990, Tribunal research staff have produced studies on the anti-dumping system in Canada. Until 1994, the studies dealt primarily with the estimation of the value of Canadian industry shipments and of employment that benefited from anti-dumping measures. In a July 1994 paper entitled "The Import Coverage of Tribunal Injury Findings."¹, staff developed for the first time estimates of what the value of imports would have been in the absence of anti-dumping measures. The estimates allocated imports by major product groups and by region of origin for the period 1980-92.

In a July 1995 paper entitled "Canadian & International Use of Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures"², staff updated and expanded the estimates of imports affected by anti-dumping measures for the years 1988 to 1993. In addition to an assessment of Canadian imports affected by anti-dumping measures, the paper included a review of the international use of anti-dumping and countervailing duty measures.

In July 1996, staff updated the estimates of Canadian imports affected by anti-dumping measures and the international use of anti-dumping and countervailing duty measures for the years 1988 to 1994. In addition, for the first time, the estimates included imports affected by Canadian countervailing duty measures during the 1988-94 period. These additional data brought the domestic overview in line with the data provided at the international level.

This paper updates the estimates of Canadian imports affected by anti-dumping and countervailing duty measures. Analysis of these imports covers the period from 1988 to 1995. For purposes of comparison, the time period is split into two sub-periods, 1988-1991 and 1992-1995, with an analytic emphasis on the later period. The methodology used in this study is the same as in previous reports³. In addition, this paper shows estimates of shipments by each industry to the domestic market while a finding is in place. Staff estimated this value by escalating the shipments reported in the original inquiry at the same rate as the annual percentage changes in domestic shipments (total shipments minus exports) reported in the Statistics Canada most disaggregated industry which includes the goods affected by measures⁴. In cases where there had been a review of an earlier finding, staff used the actual domestic shipments reported in the review. This staff paper also provides updated information on anti-dumping and countervailing measures by WTO members since 1990. A summary of this working paper is included in the Tribunal's Annual Report for 1996-1997.

This working paper was prepared under the direction of Peter Welsh and reviewed by Ron Erdmann. Assistance in graphics presentation was provided by Pawel Ratajczak.

PART II - CANADA'S USE OF ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES

Table 1 shows the number of Canadian anti-dumping and countervailing measures during the period 1988 through 1995. In 1995, there were 41 findings in effect covering 97 actions⁵. There was a gradual increase in the number of findings in place since 1992. In 1995, the Tribunal issued two injury findings: one covering the United States respecting Caps, Lids and Jars; and one regarding dumped imports of Refined Sugar from the United States, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom⁶, and subsidized imports from the European Union. The review of a finding on Women's Leather Boots and Shoes terminated five out of six actions on imports affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures. Appendix I lists the 90 anti-dumping and countervailing Tribunal findings that were in place for one or more years during the 1988-95 period. These findings involved 209 separate actions against 38 countries.

Table 1 Canadian Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures, 1988-1995
	Actions						Findings
Year1	Added		Expired/ Rescinded		In place Dec. 31		In place Dec. 31
1988	3		22		140		64
1989	2		14		128		59
1990	10		60		78		38
1991	12		17		73		35
1992	4		7		70		33
1993	16		0		86		38
1994	19		9		96		39
1995	6		5		97		41
Note:
1. Counting Convention: The first year of a measure is the year of the preliminary determination; the last is the year prior to the year the measure was rescinded or expired.
Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base.

The following analysis examines estimates of the value of imports and domestic shipments affected by Canadian anti-dumping and countervailing measures. The estimated values used in the analysis are set out in summary form in Table 2.

Table 2 Summary Statistics
		Average Annual Values ($`000)
		1988-91		1992-95
Total Imports Affected		737,918		844,217
Total Canadian Imports		113,775,705		166,709,814
Percent Affected		0.65		0.51
Total Domestic Shipments Affected		2,380,098		3,015,586
Total Domestic Industry Shipments		200,801,496		188,205,386
Percent Affected		1.19		1.60
Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

1. Imports Affected by Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures

The average annual value of imports affected by all findings in the 1992-1995 period was $844 million, an increase of 14 percent over 1988-91 (Table 2). The value of annual imports affected by a finding in any year during the 1988-92 period ranged from $2 thousand to $306 million. The median and average values of imports affected per finding and per year during the period were $6 million and $19 million respectively.

Figure 1 shows the percentage of Canadian imports affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures by 15 product groups. There were significant changes in the product pattern of imports affected between the periods 1988-1991 and 1992-1995. In the 1992-95 period, three product groups, textiles⁷ (34.1%), primary metal (27.3%) and other manufacturing industries (11.1%) accounted for over 72 percent of imports affected. In the 1988-91 period, four product groups, primary metal (26.7%), machinery (16.1%), electrical and electronic products(14.3%) and agricultural and related services (11.9%) accounted for close to 70 percent of imports affected.

Figure 1
Distribution by Product Group of Canadian Imports Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
Percentage of Total Imports Affected
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base.

The value of imports affected by the anti-dumping and countervailing measures in 1995 was approximately $1 billion, compared to $791 million on average over the last 8 years (Appendix Appendix II - ). The value of imports affected accounted for 0.51 percent of total imports in 1995 (Figure 2), down considerably from the peak of 0.94 percent in 1989.

Figure 2
Percentage Share of Canadian Imports Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

Figure 3 shows, for each product group, the share of products' imports affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures in the two time periods. Within each product group, the shares of imports affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures over the period 1992-95 were equal to or less than 1.3 percent except in textiles (7.6%), leather and leather allied products (4.1%) and primary metal (3.7%).

Figure 3
Percentage Share by Product Group of Canadian Imports Affected by
Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

In terms of region of origin, there was a major shift in the sources of imports affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures between the periods 1988-91 and 1992-95 (Figure 4). The United States accounted for 59.3% of the total imports affected for 1992-95 (compared to 30.0% for 1988-91). The share of Pacific Rim⁸ imports affected also increased to 22.3% from 17.0% between the same periods. The shares of the European Union and Japan were 10.4 and 0.7 percent respectively in the 1992-95 period, down from 21.4 and 19.0 percent in the 1988-91 period.

Figure 4
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures and
Canadian Imports by Origin
Percentage Distribution
1988-1995

Imports Affected by Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures

Total Imports

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

As mentioned earlier, imports affected as a share of total Canadian imports is low (0.51% in 1995). Figure 5 shows this relationship, broken down by region of origin for the periods 1988-91 and 1992-95. The share of imports from the Pacific Rim was highest at 1.36% in 1992-95. The United States increased from 0.30% to 0.44%, while Japan showed the greatest decrease, from 1.48% to 0.05%.

Figure 5
Percentage Share by Country/Region of Canadian Imports Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

2. Domestic Shipments Affected by Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures

In the 1992-95 period, the estimated average annual value of domestic shipments affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures was $3.0 billion, compared to $2.4 billion from the 1988-91 period, representing an increase of 26 percent (Table 2). The shipment values were estimates of domestic production for domestic consumption, and therefore did not include exports.

Over the 1992-95 period, the share of domestic shipments affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures rose steadily from 0.97% in 1992 to 2.14% in 1995 (Figure 6 and Appendix Appendix III - ).

Figure 6
Percentage Share of Domestic Shipments Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

Of the 15 domestic industries affected, the top three accounted for over 77 percent of the total value of shipments affected by measures during the period 1992-95. The three were primary metal (44.7%), food (17.7%) and textiles (14.8%) (Figure 7). In the 1988-91 period, the main beneficiaries were agricultural, primary metal and food industries, accounting for over 75 percent of total domestic shipments affected.

Figure 7
Distribution by Product Group of Domestic Shipments Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures

Percentage of Total Shipments Affected
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base.

Figure 8 shows the domestic shipments of each product group affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures as a percentage of the total domestic shipments of that same product group in 1988-91 and 1992-95. In the period 1992-95, primary metal, leather and allied leather products and textiles ranked top three in the percentage shares of individual total product shipments affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures.

Figure 8
Percentage Share by Product Group of Domestic Shipments Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

Figure 9 shows the percentage of primary metal shipments affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures over the period. The lowest percentage in the period was 1990. This was a reflection of the large number of findings rescinded in reviews the Tribunal completed in that year. The following cases either expired or were rescinded in 1990: Stainless Steel Bars and Wire, Carbon and Alloy Steel Plates, Wide Flange Steel Shapes, Alloy Tool Steel Bars and Plates, Butt Weld Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe and Tubing and Stainless Steel Nickel and Nickel Pipe and Tubing.

The substantial increase in percentage of shipments affected in 1993 was a result of injury findings leading to actions on imports of Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Plate and Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet from several countries. In the following year, a finding affecting imports of Corrosion-Resistant Steel Sheets came into effect. As a result, the percentage share of primary metal domestic shipments affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures was close to 30 percent in 1995.

Figure 9
Primary Metal Domestic Shipments Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
as a
Percentage of All Primary Metal Domestic Shipments
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

Figure 10 shows the percentage of leather and leather allied products shipments affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures over the period. 1988-95. The percentage of shipments affected increased significantly in 1990. The increase was due to a Tribunal finding covering Women's Leather Boots and Shoes involving actions against imports from six countries. Although actions against five of these six countries were rescinded in the review in 1995, the Tribunal continued the finding on imports from China and the domestic shipments affected therefore remained unchanged. One other anti-dumping and countervailing ruling in force on leather and leather allied products also belonged to the footwear category. The Waterproof Rubber Footwear was in force throughout the period 1988-95. In 1995, the percentage share of all these footwear products shipments represented by affected shipments was more than 11 percent, about the same as in the previous five years.

Figure 10
Leather Domestic Shipments Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
as a
Percentage of All Leather Domestic Shipments
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

Figure 11 shows the percentage of textile products domestic shipments affected by anti-dumping and countervailing measures over the period. There was a significant increase in percentage of shipments affected in 1991, because of a Tribunal finding covering Carpets. Over the period 1988-95, there were three other rulings in effect on textiles, one on Surgical Adhesive Tapes and Plasters which was rescinded in 1990, a second on Twisted Polypropylene, Polyethylene and Nylon Rope, and a third on Synthetic Baler Twine. The percentage share of these textile domestic shipments continued to rise from 1991, and reached a peak of 12.1 percent in 1995.

Figure 11
Textiles Domestic Shipments Affected by
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures
as a
Percentage of All Textiles Domestic Shipments
1988-1995

Source: Tribunal Research Branch Data Base and Statistics Canada.

PART III - INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES

Appendix Appendix IV - lists the actions by countries that are the major users of anti-dumping and countervailing measures, namely, Canada, the United States, European Union, Australia, Mexico, New Zealand and Brazil. The list includes the countries and products affected by measures initiated by these major users. As well, the same details are shown where these major users were subject to measures taken by other WTO members.

1. Measures Initiated by WTO Members

The number of World Trade Organization (WTO) members applying anti-dumping and countervailing measures has increased since 1990. This conclusion is based on partial data from GATT and WTO semi-annual reports by over 23 WTO members. Overall, the number of anti-dumping measures in force⁹ rose dramatically from 458 in 1990 to 903 in 1995. Countervailing measures peaked at 179 in 1993, but dropped to 159 in 1995 (Table 3)¹⁰.

Table 3 International (WTO members) Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures in Force 1990-1995
Year	Anti-Dumping	Countervailing
1990	458	126
1991	499	126
1992	608	151
1993	704	179
1994	778	178
1995	903	159
Source: GATT and WTO Semi-annual reports, and reports published by national authorities.

Figure 12 shows the number of measures in force by WTO members for the period 1990-95. All countries had increased the number of anti-dumping measures. The United States ranked first with respect to the number of anti-dumping measures in force throughout the period. But in 1995, the number in force fell slightly to 292. As noted in last year's report, most of the increase is represented by the growing use of anti-dumping measures by countries such as Australia, Mexico and countries grouped as `Other'. These countries include Turkey, Korea, Argentina and India.

Figure 12
Number of Measures in Force by WTO Members
1990-1995

Source: GATT and WTO Semi-Annual Reports, and published reports by national authorities.

In 1995, the United States remained the largest user (32.3%) of anti-dumping measures. They were followed by the European Union at 19.2 percent and Mexico at 10.6 percent. Canada accounted for 10.4 percent of all measures in force in 1995 (Figure 13). In 1995, half of the countervailing measures in force were initiated by the United States. Other major users of countervailing measures were Canada, Mexico and Australia, with 26.4, 13.8 and 8.2 percent of the total measures in force respectively.

Figure 13
Percentage Share of Measures in Force by WTO Members
1995

Percentage of Measures in force

Source: GATT and WTO Semi-annual Reports and published reports of national authorities.

2. Measures in Force by Product

Figure 14 shows the number of measures in force, internationally, by product for the period 1990-95. International anti-dumping measures in force were concentrated on imports of primary metal, chemical, and electrical and electronic products. The number of measures against each of those sectors increased steadily throughout the period. In 1995, these products represented 26.6, 20.7, and 9.1 percent respectively of total measures. Their combined share of measures in force represented 56.4 percent of all products affected by anti-dumping measures.

Figure 14
Number of Measures in Force by Product
1990-1995

Source: GATT and WTO Semi-Annual Reports and published reports of national authorities.

Food and primary metal products accounted for the largest product group shares of countervailing measures in force. In 1995, their shares were 52.2% and 27.0% respectively (Figure 15).

Figure 15
Percentage Share of Total Measures in Force by Product
1995

Percentage of Measures in force

Source: GATT and WTO Semi-Annual Reports and published reports of national authorities.

3. Measures Directed at Exporting Countries by WTO Members

Figure 16 shows the number of measures directed at exporting countries for each year in the period 1990-95 and Figure 17 shows the percentage share of measures by exporting countries in 1995. Most of the anti-dumping measures reported to be in force were directed at, in descending order, and in addition to `Other', China, the European Union, Japan, the United States, Korea, Brazil and Taiwan. Measures directed at Canadian exports accounted for 1.8 percent of all anti-dumping measures in force in 1995.

Figure 16
Number of Measures Directed at Exporting Countries
1990-1995

Source: GATT and WTO Semi-Annual Reports and published reports of national authorities.

Countries of the European Union were most affected by countervailing measures in force. In 1995, almost 60 percent of all countervailing measures were directed at countries in the European Union¹¹. Other countries with significant individual shares of countervailing measures affecting them in 1995 were Brazil (7.5%), Canada (2.5%) and Korea (1.9%).

Figure 17
Percentage Share of Total Measures Directed at Exporting Countries
1995

Percentage of Measures in force

Source: GATT and WTO Semi-Annual Reports and published reports of national authorities.

4. Where Canada Stands

Canada had relatively the same number of anti-dumping and countervailing measures in force for each year in the period of 1990 to 1995. When compared to the rest of the WTO members, Canada emerged as a moderate user of anti-dumping measures. In contrast, the United States had three times as many measures in force as Canada. As for countervailing measures, Canada ranked second among all WTO members. Generally, Canada initiated more anti-dumping measures than countervailing ones.

Compared to other countries, Canadian exports were not a frequent target of anti-dumping measures by other WTO members. Most of the Canadian exports affected were primary metal, chemical and fabricated metal products. The actions against Canada were initiated by the United States and five other WTO members. However, all of the countervailing measures in force against Canadian exports in the period 1990-1995 were applied by the United States. Canadian exports affected by these American countervailing measures were in the food, primary metal and wood industries.

Appendix I - Canadian Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Injury Findings in Place During 1988-1995¹²

Inquiry No.	Product and Country of Origin	Preliminary Determination Date	Expiry/Rescind Date
AGRICULTURE
ADT-4-84	Whole Potatoes from the United States of America	March 5, 1984	September 14, 2000
CIT-16-85	Whole Potatoes from the United States of America	December 20, 1985	September 14, 2000
CIT-7-86	Grain Corn from the United States of AmericaC	November 7, 1986	March 5, 1992
CIT-1-87	Fresh, Whole, Yellow Onions from the United States of America	January 12, 1987	May 21, 1997
CIT-2-88	Sour (tart) cherries from the United States of America	October 30, 1988	January 29, 1994
CIT-3-88	Apples from the United States of America	October 6, 1988	February 7, 1994
NQ-92-001	Fresh Iceberg (head) Lettuce from the United States of America	July 31, 1992	November 29, 1997
NQ-94-001	Apples from the United States of America	October 12, 1994	February 8, 2000
FOOD
GIC-1-84	Canned Ham and Luncheon Meat from DenmarkC, NetherlandsC and FranceC	May 3, 1984	March 20, 2000
CIT-2-86	Manufactured Boneless Beef from IrelandC	March 24, 1986	July 22, 1996
NQ-95-002	Refined Sugar from DenmarkB, GermanyB, NetherlandsB, United KingdomB and the United States of America	July 7, 1995	November 5, 2000
BEVERAGE
NQ-91-002	Beer from the United States of America	June 4, 1991	December 2, 1994
CHEMICALS
ADT-6-79	Twelve-Gauge Shotshells (ammunition) from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and the USSR	June 29, 1979	October 4, 1989
CIT-4-85	Charcoal Briquettes from the United States of America	April 16, 1985	August 13, 1990
CIT-14-85	Twelve-Gauge Shotshells from Belgium, France, Italy and the United Kingdom	December 4, 1985	October 4, 1989
CIT-3-86	ABS Resins from Korea	June 17, 1986	September 30, 1991
NQ-93-005	Twelve-Gauge Shotshells from the Czech Republic and Hungary	February 22, 1994	July 7, 1999
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ADT-8-78	Induction Motors from the United States of America	October 10, 1978	June 30, 1994
ADT-11-79	Electric Generators from Japan	December 4, 1979	June 19, 1990
ADT-8-83	Alternating Current Electric Generators from Italy	April 15, 1983	June 19, 1990
CIT-6-85	Polyphase Induction Motors from BrazilB, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Taiwan and the United Kingdom	June 14, 1985	June 30, 1994
CIT-4-86	Artificial Graphite Electrodes and Connecting Pins from Belgium, Japan, Sweden and the United States of America	July 29, 1986	November 27, 1991

Inquiry No.	Product and Country of Origin	Preliminary Determination Date	Expiry/Rescind Date
FABRICATED METAL
ADT-1-81	Carbon Steel Wire from Belgium and Spain	February 12, 1981	October 30, 1989
ADT-5-82	Drywall Screws from Japan and Singapore	March 16, 1982	January 25, 1991
ADT-12-83	Plate Coils from the United States of America	October 21, 1983	November 30, 1989
CIT-7-85	Barbed Wire from Argentina, Brazil, Korea and Poland	July 29, 1985	November 25, 1990
CIT-1-86	Drywall Screws from Taiwan	March 12, 1986	January 25, 1991
CIT-6-86	Drywall Screws from Korea	September 22, 1986	January 25, 1991
CIT-10-87	Drywall Screws from FranceB	September 3, 1987	January 25, 1991
NQ-89-002	Brass Replacement Key Blanks from Italy	June 15, 1989	June 1, 1992
NQ-93-001	Pipe Fittings from the United States of America	June 18, 1993	October 18, 1998
PRIMARY METAL
ADT-12-77	Wide Flange Steel Shapes from France, Japan, Luxembourg, South Africa and the United Kingdom	September 29, 1977	September 10, 1990
ADT-11-78	Stainless Steel Pipe and Tubing from Japan, Sweden and the United Kingdom	December 19, 1978	December 14, 1990
ADT-6-82	Butt Welding Fittings from Japan	March 23, 1982	December 31, 1990
ADT-19-82	Stainless Steel Strip from France and Germany	December 29, 1982	November 30, 1989
ADT-1-83	Stainless Steel Bars and Wire from Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, Korea and Spain	January 12, 1983	July 20, 1990
ADT-2-83	Alloy Tool Steel Bars, Plates, and Forgings from Brazil and Germany	January 12, 1983	May 10, 1990
ADT-3-83	Mold Steel from Germany	January 12, 1983	November 30, 1989
ADT-6-83	Carbon Steel Welded Pipe from Korea	March 30, 1983	June 5, 2000
ADT-9-83	Wide Flange Steel Shapes from Belgium, Germany and Korea	July 18, 1983	September 10, 1990
ADT-10-83	Carbon and Alloy Steel Plates from Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Korea, Romania, South Africa, Spain and United Kingdom	September 19, 1983	May 1, 1990
ADT-13-83	Carbon and Alloy Steel Plate from the Netherlands	October 28, 1983	May 1, 1990
ADT-1-84	Stainless Steel, Nickel, and Nickel Alloy, Pipe and Tubing from Germany, Korea and the United States of America	January 13, 1983	December 14, 1990
CIT-1-85	Wide Flange Steel Shapes from SpainC	February 8, 1985	June 6, 1990
CIT-15-85	Oil and Gas Well Casing from Argentina, Germany, Korea and the United States of America (Argentina and Germany terminated in1991)	December 17, 1985	June 9, 1996
CIT-2-85	Nickel and Alloy Pipe Tubing from Japan	February 11, 1985	December 21, 1990
CIT-3-85	Alloy Tool Steel Bars, Plates and Forgings from Austria, Korea, Sweden and the United Kingdom	February 27, 1985	May 10, 1990
CIT-7-87	Wide Flange Steel Shapes from Spain	August 20, 1987	September 10, 1990
CIT-1-88	Butt Welding Pipe Fittings from Japan	April 5, 1988	November 13, 1992
NQ-90-005	Carbon Steel Welded Pipe from Argentina, India, Romania, Taiwan, Thailand and Venezuela	March 28, 1991	July 25, 1996
NQ-91-001	Stainless Steel Welded Pipe from Taiwan	May 8, 1991	September 4, 1996
NQ-91-003	Carbon Steel Welded Pipe from Brazil	September 25, 1991	January 22, 1997
NQ-92-007	Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Plate from Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Romania, the United Kingdom and the Yugoslavic Republic of Macedonia	January 6, 1993	May 6, 1998
NQ-92-009	Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet from Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States of America	March 31, 1993	July 28, 1998
NQ-93-004	Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Plate from Italy, Korea, Spain and Ukraine	January 17, 1994	May 17, 1999
NQ-93-007	Corrosion-Resistant Steel Sheet Products from Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States of America	March 31, 1994	July 28, 1999

Inquiry No.	Product and Country of Origin	Preliminary Determination Date	Expiry/Rescind Date
MACHINERY
ADT-4-76	Hydraulic Turbines from the USSR	April 28, 1976	June 19, 1990
ADT-12-80	Vehicle Washing Equipment from the United States of America	November 28, 1980	March 6, 1991
ADT-11-83	Tillage Tools from Brazil	September 29, 1983	November 22, 1998
ADT-9-84	Hydraulic Turbines from Japan	June 11, 1984	June 19, 1990
CIT-2-87	Gasoline Powered Chains Saws from Germany, Sweden and the United States of America	March 6, 1987	July 2, 1992
TRANSPORTATION
CIT-5-85	Rail Car and Locomotive Axles from the United Kingdom	April 19, 1985	August 21, 1990
TEXTILES
ADT-8-82	Twisted Polypropylene, Polyethylene and Nylon Rope from Korea	July 9, 1982	February 24, 1997
CIT-8-85	Surgical Adhesive Tapes and Plasters from Japan	August 6, 1985	December 3, 1990
NQ-91-006	Machine Tufted Carpet from the United States of America	December 19, 1991	April 20, 1997
NQ-93-003	Synthetic Baler Twine from the United States of America	December 23, 1993	April 21, 1999
LEATHER AND ALLIED
ADT-4-79	Waterproof Rubber Footwear from Czechoslovakia, Korea, Poland and Taiwan	February 26, 1979	October 20, 1997
ADT-2-82	Waterproof Rubber Footwear from Hong Kong, Malaysia, China and Yugoslavia	December 24, 1981	October 20, 1997
NQ-89-003	Women's Leather Boots and Shoes from BrazilB, China, Poland, Romania, Taiwan and Yugoslavia (all except China terminated 1995)	January 3, 1990	May 2, 2000
WOOD
NQ-91-005	Flat Wooden Toothpicks from the United States of America	November 15, 1991	March 12, 1997
PAPER AND ALLIED
ADT-4-80	Hardboard Panels from Poland	March 26, 1980	December 19, 1990
ADT-4-81	Hardboard Sheets/Panels from Poland and USSR	June 26, 1981	December 19, 1990
NQ-89-004	Refill Paper from BrazilB (subsidy finding terminated in 1995)	March 8, 1990	July 4, 2000
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
ADT-4-74	Photo Albums with Self-Adhesive Leaves from Korea and Japan (Japan terminated in 1990)	October 28, 1974	August 24, 2000
CIT-18-84	Self-Adhesive Leaves from Hong Kong, Korea and the United States of America (USA terminated in 1990)	December 28, 1984	August 24, 2000
CIT-10-85	Photo Albums with Self-Adhesive Leaves from China	October 17, 1985	August 24, 2000
CIT-4-87	Chemically Presensitized Aluminium Offset Printing Plates from the United Kingdom	June 30, 1987	May 22, 1992
CIT-5-87	Photo Albums with Self-Adhesive Leaves from Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan	July 6, 1987	August 24, 2000
CIT-11-87	Pocket Photo Albums from China, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan	October 30, 1987	February 24, 1998
NQ-90-003	Photo Albums with Self-Adhesive Leaves from Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines	September 4, 1990	August 24, 2000

Inquiry No.	Product and Country of Origin	Preliminary Determination Date	Expiry/Rescind Date
NON-METALLIC MINERAL
NQ-92-004	Gypsum Board from the United States of America	September 22, 1992	January 19, 1998
NQ-93-002	Fiberglass Pipe Insulation from the United States of America	July 22, 1993	November 19, 1998
NQ-93-006	Black Granite Memorials and Black Granite Slabs from IndiaB	March 22, 1994	July 20, 1999
NQ-95-001	Caps, Lids, and Jars from the United States of America	June 22, 1995	October 20, 2000
RUBBER
CIT-12-85	Rubber Hockey Pucks from Czechoslovakia and Germany	November 18, 1985	March 17, 1991
OTHER MANUFACTURING
ADT-14-83	Vinyl Coated Knitted Fabrics from Korea	November 9, 1983	May 11, 1990
ADT-5-84	Alpine Ski Poles from France and Italy	March 12, 1984	December 22, 1991
ADT-6-84	Paint Brushes and Heads from China	March 22, 1984	January 19, 1999
NQ-91-004	Aluminium Coils Stock and Steel Head and Bottom Rails (venetian blinds) from Sweden	October 10, 1991	February 6, 1997
NQ-92-002	Bicycles and Frames from China and Taiwan	August 13, 1992	December 10, 1997

Appendix II - Canadian Imports Affected by Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures 1988-1995

($'000)
		Value of Imports Affected
Year	Total Imports	Added by New Inquiries	Rescinded and Expired	Change in Import Value for Findings in Place	Total	As a % of Total Imports
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
1988	93,147,427	21,267	436,633	(202,830)	744,111	0.80
1989	120,771,230	468	12,691	406,110	1,137,998	0.94
1990	120,821,268	85,504	806,257	(4,875)	412,370	0.34
1991	120,362,894	328,285	56,035	(27,429)	657,191	0.55
1992	132,128,011	104,001	70,512	(69,096)	621,584	0.47
1993	152,102,323	149,489	0	(13,712)	757,361	0.50
1994	181,789,114	179,671	59,589	97,387	974,830	0.54
1995	200,819,808	75,875	41,572	13,959	1,023,092	0.51
Average 1988-95	140,242,759	118,070	185,411	24,939	791,067	0.56
Notes:
1. Column 5 end of period equals column 5 for the previous year plus Column 2, minus Column 3 plus Column 4.
2. Column 6 equals Column 5 as a percentage of Column 1.
Source: Tribunal Research Data Base and Statistics Canada.

Appendix III - Canadian Domestic Shipments Affected by Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures 1988-1995

($'000)
		Value of Domestic Shipments Affected
Year	Total Domestic Shipments	Added by New Inquiry Product	Rescinded and Expired	Change in Domestic Shipment Value for Findings in Place	Total		As a % of Total Domestic Shipments
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
1988	203,276,644	34,538	206,306	172,191	2,661,967	1.31
1989	215,513,885	3,174	62,383	207,986	2,810,744	1.30
1990	200,129,733	126,900	1,051,010	(96,604)	1,790,030	0.89
1991	184,285,721	688,514	168,567	(52,328)	2,257,649	1.23
1992	177,633,693	340,143	753,245	(126,049)	1,718,498	0.97
1993	180,268,911	777,560	0	31,377	2,527,435	1.40
1994	192,990,714	903,100	263,480	328,284	3,495,339	1.81
1995	201,928,226	753,416	0	72,318	4,321,073	2.14
Average 1988-95	194,503,441	453,418	313,124	67,147	2,697,842	1.39
Notes:
1. Column 5 end of period equals column 5 for the previous year plus Column 2, minus Column 3 plus Column 4.
2. Column 6 equals Column 5 as a percentage of Column 1.
Source: Tribunal Research Data Base and Statistics Canada.

Appendix IV - WTO Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures, Detail by Selected Country 1990-1995¹³
CANADA

		Anti-Dumping Measures									Countervailing Measures
Product		1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%	Product		1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%
					Measures in Force Initiated by Canada by Product
Primary Metals		10	13	14	27	41	40	43.5	Food		26	26	26	26	26	41	97.6
Printing		16	19	18	18	18	18	19.6	Non-metallic minerals						1	1	2.4
Leather		11	12	12	11	11	8	8.7	Agriculture		1	1
Food		1	1	1	1	1	5	5.4	Leather		1	1	1	1	1
Non-metallic minerals					3	4	4	4.3	Paper		1	1	1	1	1
Other		3	1	4	4	4	4	4.3	Fabricated Metals		1
Agriculture		3	3	4	4	2	3	3.3	Electrical		1	1	1	1
Textiles		2	2	2	2	3	3	3.3
Chemicals		1				2	2	2.2
Plastic						1	1	1.1
Wood				1	1	1	1	1.1
Paper		1	1	2	2	2	1	1.1
Fabricated Metals		8	2	1	1	1	1	1.1
Machinery		6	5	4	1	1	1	1.1
Beverages			1	1	1
Rubber		2
Electrical		10	6	6	6
		___	___	___	___	___	___	___			___	___	___	___	___	___	___
		74	66	70	82	92	92	100.0			31	30	29	29	29	42	100.0
					Measures in Force Against Canada by Product
Primary Metals		4	4	4	6	6	6	37.5	Primary Metals		2	1	3	3	3	3	75.0
Chemicals		3	3	5	5	5	5	31.3	Agriculture		3	2	2	2	1	1	25.0
Fabricated Metals		3	2	2	2	2	2	12.5	Food		2
Agriculture		2	2	2	1	1	1	6.3	Wood				1	1
Food		2	2	1	1	1	1	6.3
Electrical		1	1	1	1	1	1	6.3
Machinery		1	1	1	1	1
		___	___	___	___	___	___	___			___	___	___	___	___	___	___
		16	15	16	17	17	16	100.0			7	3	6	6	4	4	100.0

Country		1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%	Country		1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%
					Measures in Force Initiated by Canada by Country
United States		14	13	16	20	18	17	18.1	Denmark		3	3	3	3	3	4	9.5
Korea		9	7	7	7	9	9	9.6	Netherlands		3	3	3	3	3	4	9.5
China		5	5	6	6	6	6	6.4	Belgium		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Taiwan		6	7	8	8	7	6	6.4	France		3	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Brazil		5	4	5	6	6	5	5.3	Germany		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Germany		4	2	2	3	4	5	5.3	Greece		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
United Kingdom		2	2	1	3	3	4	4.3	Ireland		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Hong Kong		3	3	3	3	3	3	3.2	Italy		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Japan		6	4	3	3	3	3	3.2	Luxembourg		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Malaysia		3	3	3	3	3	3	3.2	Portugal		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Czech Rep							2	2.1	Spain		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
Denmark					1	1	2	2.1	United Kingdom		2	2	2	2	2	3	7.1
France		2			1	2	2	2.1	Austria							1	2.4
India			1	1	1	2	2	2.1	Finland							1	2.4
Italy		2	1		1	2	2	2.1	India						1	1	2.4
Singapore		3	2	2	2	2	2	2.1	Sweden							1	2.4
Spain						2	2	2.1	Brazil		3	3	3	3	2
Sweden		2	1	2	1	2	2	2.1	United States		1	1
Thailand			2	2	2	2	2	2.1
Argentina		1	1	1	1	1	1	1.1
Australia						1	1	1.1
Belgium		1			1	1	1	1.1
Czechoslovakia		2	1	1	2	3	1	1.1
Hungary						1	1	1.1
Indonesia			1	1	1	1	1	1.1
Macedonia					1	1	1	1.1
Netherlands							1	1.1
New Zealand						1	1	1.1
Philippines			1	1	1	1	1	1.1
Poland		3	3	3	3	2	1	1.1
Romania		1	2	2	1	1	1	1.1
Ukraine						1	1	1.1
Venezuela			1	1	1	1	1	1.1
Yugoslavia		3	2	2	2	2	1	1.1
Luxembourg		1
		___	___	___	___	___	___	___			___	___	___	___	___	___	___
		78	69	73	85	95	94	100.0			31	30	29	29	29	42	100.0
					Measures in Force Against Canada by Country
United States		14	13	14	15	15	12	75.0	United States		7	3	6	6	4	4	100.0
Australia		1	1		1	1	1	6.3
Brazil				1	1	1	1	6.3
Mexico							1	6.3
South Africa							1	6.3
EU		1	1	1
		__	___	___	___	___	___	___			___	___	___	___	___	___	___
		16	15	16	17	17	16	100.0			7	3	6	6	4	4	100.0

THE UNITED STATES

				Anti-Dumping Measures																							Countervailing Measures
													Measures in Force Initiated by the US by Product
	Product			1990			1991			1992			1993			1994			1995		%	Product					1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%
	Primary Metals			46			50			79			112			104			107		36.8	Primary Metals					27	25	26	50	49	33	45.2
	Chemicals			36			39			54			55			55			60		20.6	Food					20	19	19	19	18	16	21.9
	Fabricated Metals			34			36			37			42			43			43		14.8	Fabricated Metals					9	10	10	10	9	7	9.6
	Electrical			25			29			29			28			26			23		7.9	Agriculture					11	10	10	10	6	4	5.5
	Machinery			10			10			10			10			10			11		3.8	Textiles					10	10	10	12	10	4	5.5
	Agriculture			7			7			8			7			8			8		2.7	Machinery					2	2	2	4	3	3	4.1
	Food			7			8			8			8			8			8		2.7	Rubber							1	2	2	2	2.7
	Textiles			8			8			11			11			9			8		2.7	Chemicals					3	3	3	2	2	2	2.7
	Other			6			6			6			6			10			8		2.7	Clothing					7	6	7	9	6	1	1.4
	Rubber			7			6			7			7			7			7		2.4	Electrical									1	1	1.4
	Transportation			3			3			3			3			3			2		0.7	Leather					1	1	1	1	1
	Non-metallic minerals			5			5			6			6			4			2		0.7	Wood							1	1
	Beverages																		1		0.3	Non-metallic minerals					4	1	3	2	1
	Plastic						2			2			2			2			1		0.3
	Wood			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3
	Printing			2			2			2			2			1			1		0.3
	Clothing			3			3			3			3			1
																					___						___	___	___	___	___	___	___
				200			215			266			303			292			291		100.0						94	87	93	122	108	73	100.0
													Measures in Force Against the US by Product
	Chemicals			1			9			10			17			17			20		32.8	Agriculture					1	1
	Primary Metals			1			3			4			9			10			12		19.7
	Plastic									2			3			6			9		14.8
	Textiles			2			4			2			2			4			4		6.6
	Agriculture			3			3			4			4			2			3		4.9
	Non-metallic minerals												3			3			3		4.9
	Food			1			1			1			1			1			2		3.3
	Fabricated Metals			2			1			1			1			2			2		3.3
	Electrical			3			1			2			2			1			2		3.3
	Wood									1			1			1			1		1.6
	Paper			1						1			1			2			1		1.6
	Transportation									1			1			1			1		1.6
	Other						1			1			1			1			1		1.6
	Beverages						1			1			1
	Machinery			3			2			1
																					___						___	___	___	___	___	___	___
				17			26			32			47			51			61		100.0						1	1	0	0	0	0	100.0

Country			1990			1991			1992			1993			1994			1995		%	Country						1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%
												Measures in Force Initiated by the US by Country
Japan			53			57			57			57			52			47		16.1	Brazil						8	8	8	10	8	8	11.0
China			11			21			24			26			31			34		11.6	Germany						1	1	1	5	5	5	6.8
Germany			12			13			14			18			18			19		6.5	Singapore						2	2	2	6	5	5	6.8
Korea			9			10			12			17			17			17		5.8	Canada						7	3	6	6	4	4	5.5
Brazil			7			8			8			10			13			16		5.5	France						2	2	2	4	4	4	5.5
Taiwan			13			13			16			18			17			16		5.5	Italy						1	1	1	1	2	4	5.5
France			9			9			9			11			13			13		4.5	Argentina						10	10	10	13	12	3	4.1
Italy			13			11			11			11			11			13		4.5	Korea						1	1	1	3	3	3	4.1
Canada			14			13			14			15			15			12		4.1	Spain						2	2	2	3	3	3	4.1
Mexico			3			3			4			6			6			7		2.4	Sweden						2	2	2	3	3	3	4.1
United Kingdom			4			5			5			7			7			7		2.4	United Kingdom						1	1	1	3	3	3	4.1
Argentina			3			5			4			4			4			6		2.1	Belgium						1	1	1	2	2	2	2.7
Sweden			8			7			7			8			6			6		2.1	India						1	1	1	2	2	2	2.7
Thailand			3			3			4			4			4			6		2.1	Iran						2	2	2	2	2	2	2.7
Ukraine									3			5			5			6		2.1	Israel						3	3	3	3	3	2	2.7
India			2			1			1			3			4			5		1.7	Mexico						8	4	4	5	5	2	2.7
Russia									3			4			4			5		1.7	Netherlands						2	2	2	2	2	2	2.7
Belgium			2			2			2			3			3			4		1.4	Thailand						8	9	9	9	8	2	2.7
Romania			3			3			3			4			4			4		1.4	Turkey						2	2	2	2	2	2	2.7
Singapore			4			4			4			4			4			4		1.4	Chile						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Kazhakstan									3			4			4			3		1	Denmark						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Netherlands			1			1			1			2			4			3		1	Greece						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Spain			1			1			1			2			2			3		1	Ireland						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Australia			1						1			2			2			2		0.7	Luxembourg						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Israel			2			2			2			2			2			2		0.7	Malaysia						1	1	2	2	2	1	1.4
New Zealand			1			1			2			2			2			2		0.7	Norway							1	1	1	1	1	1.4
South Africa			1			1			1			1			1			2		0.7	Pakistan						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Venezuela			2			2			4			5			5			2		0.7	Peru						5	5	5	7	6	1	1.4
Armenia									2			2			1			1		0.3	Portugal						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Austria			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3	Taiwan						1	1	1	1	1	1	1.4
Azerbaijan									2			2			1			1		0.3	Venezuela						2	2	4	5	4	1	1.4
Belarus									2			2			1			1		0.3	Columbia						3	2	2	2
Chile			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3	Costa Rica						1	1	1	1
Colombia			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3	Ecuador						1	1	1	1	1
Ecuador			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3	New Zealand						5	5	5	5	5
Estonia									2			2			1			1		0.3	Saudi Arabia						1	1	1	1
Finland			1			1			1			2			1			1		0.3	South Africa						1	1	1	1	1
Georgia									2			2			2			1		0.3	Sri Lanka									2	1
Greece			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3	Uruguay						1	1	1	1
Hungary			2			2			2			2			2			1		0.3	Zimbabwe						1	1	1	1	1
Iran			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3
Kenya			1			1			1			1			1			1		0.3
Kyrgyzstan									3			3			2			1		0.3
Latvia									2			2			1			1		0.3
Lithuania									2			2			1			1		0.3
Malaysia									1			1			1			1		0.3
Moldova									2			2			1			1		0.3
Norway						1			1			1			1			1		0.3
Poland												1			1			1		0.3
Tajikistan									3			3			1			1		0.3
Turkey			2			2			2			2			2			1		0.3
Turkmenistan									2			2			1			1		0.3
Uzbekistan									3			3			2			1		0.3
Yugoslavia			2			2			2			2			2			1		0.3
Bangladesh									1			1			1
Dominican Repub			1			1			1			1
Hong Kong			2			2			2			2
USSR			2			2
																				___							___	___	___	___	___	___	___
			201			216			267			304			293			292		100.0							94	87	93	122	108	73	100.0
												Measures in Force Against the US by Country
Canada			14			13			16			20			18			17		27.4	Canada						1	1
Mexico			1			9			8			12			14			17		27.4
Australia			1			1			3			5			6			7		11.3
Brazil									1			6			6			6		9.7
Colombia									1			1			2			4		6.5
Argentina															1			2		3.2
EU			2			3			2			2			2			2		3.2
South Africa																		2		3.2
Venezuela																		2		3.2
India															1			1		1.6
Korea						1			1			1			1			1		1.6
New Zealand									1			1			1			1		1.6
																				___							___	___	___	___	___	___	___
			18			27			33			48			52			62		100.0							1	1	0	0	0	0	100.0

 
EUROPEAN UNION

	Anti-Dumping Measures								Countervailing Measures
Product	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%	Product	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%
					Measures in Force Initiated by the EU by Product
Primary Metals	18	20	29	28	31	42	24.3	Fabricated Metals				1	2	2	100.0
Chemicals	46	47	50	41	40	36	20.8	Textiles		1		1	1
Electrical	23	30	23	25	33	35	20.2
Textiles	16	15	22	22	24	23	13.3
Non-metallic minerals	16	13	13	14	18	15	8.7
Fabricated Metals	11	8	9	8	8	11	6.4
Other	1	4	5	5	5	7	4.0
Paper			1	1	1	2	1.2
Leather		1	1	1	1	1	0.6
Printing	2	2	2	3	3	1	0.6
Rubber	2	2	2
Machinery	2	2	2	2
	___	___	___	___	___	___	___		___	___	___	___	___	___	___
	137	144	159	150	164	173	100.0		0	1	0	2	3	2	100.0
					Measures in Force Against the EU by Product
Primary Metals	12	10	10	31	38	42	30.7	Food	38	41	60	59	70	75	78.9
Chemicals	20	26	29	30	29	32	23.4	Primary Metals	3	3	3	14	14	15	15.8
Food	7	9	12	13	13	20	14.6	Agriculture	1	1	1	1	1	1	1.1
Fabricated Metals	18	17	16	16	14	14	10.2	Beverages	1	1	1	1	1	1	1.1
Paper					3	7	5.1	Textiles	1	1	1	1	1	1	1.1
Electrical	6	4	3	3	3	5	3.6	Fabricated Metals	1					1	1.1
Textiles	2	2	4	4	4	4	2.9	Electrical					1	1	1.1
Machinery	6	6	6	4	2	4	2.9
Rubber	4	3	2	2	2	2	1.5
Non-metallic minerals	2	1	1	3	3	2	1.5
Other	3	1	2	2	3	2	1.5
Plastic	1	1	2	2	2	1	0.7
Printing	2	2	1	1	1	1	0.7
Transportation	1	1	2	1	1	1	0.7
	___	___	___	___	___	___	___		___	___	___	___	___	___	___
	84	83	90	112	118	137	100.0		45	47	66	76	88	95	100.0

Country	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%	Country	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	%
			Measures in Force Initiated by the EU by Country
China	14	20	20	23	29	36	20.8	Thailand				1	2	2	100.0
Japan	14	18	21	19	24	18	10.4	Turkey		1		1	1
Korea	9	12	12	12	14	14	8.1
Russia			1	4	10	12	6.9
Brazil	4	5	8	7	9	11	6.4
Turkey	4	6	9	7	9	10	5.8
Poland	6	6	6	6	7	9	5.2
Taiwan	5	5	6	5	7	7	4.0
Ukraine			1	4	7	7	4.0
Thailand	2	3	3	3	3	6	3.5
Hong Kong	2	4	3	3	4	4	2.3
Hungary	5	4	3	3	2	3	1.7
Indonesia	1	1	2	2	3	3	1.7
Romania	9	7	6	5	3	3	1.7
Venezuela	2	3	4	3	3	3	1.7
Bulgaria	5	4	3	3	1	2	1.2
Croatia				1	1	2	1.2
Egypt			1	1	1	2	1.2
India		1	1	3	2	2	1.2
Kazakhstan				2	2	2	1.2
Macedonia			3	2	2	2	1.2
South Africa					1	2	1.2
United States	2	3	2	2	2	2	1.2
Yugoslavia	13	10	8	5	3	2	1.2
Belarus			1	1	2	1	0.6
Czechoslovakia	8	6	5			1	0.6
Lithuania					1	1	0.6
Malaysia	1	1	1	1		1	0.6
Montenegro			3	2	2	1	0.6
Serbia			3	2	2	1	0.6
Serbia/Montenegro						1	0.6
Singapore	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.6
Slovenia			2	1	1	1	0.6
Algeria	1
Austria	2	2	2	2
CSSR				4	4
Canada	1	1	1
Finland	1	1	1	1
Iceland	1	1	1	1
Kuwait	1	1	1	1
Libya	1	1	1
Mexico	6	4	2	1
Norway	2	2	2	2
Saudi Arabia	1
Soviet Union			6
Sweden	3	3	3	2
Trinidad & Tobago	1
USSR	9	8		3	2
	___	___	___	___	___	___	___		___	___	___	___	___	___	___
	137	144	159	150	164	173	100.0		0	1	0	2	3	2	100.0
					Measures in Force Against the EU by Country
United States	53	52	53	66	67	71	51.4	Canada	27	26	26	26	26	41	43.2
Australia	4	10	16	18	20	22	15.9	United States	17	17	17	28	29	31	32.6
Canada	14	6	5	11	17	21	15.2	Mexico						12	12.6
Mexico	2	4	4	4	4	7	5.1	Australia	1	4	11	10	11	11	11.6
New Zealand	4	4	4	4	4	5	3.6	Brazil			12	12
South Africa						5	3.6	Venezuela					22
Colombia			1	2	2	2	1.4
Turkey					3	3	2.2
Argentina						1	0.7
Israel						1	0.7
Brazil				1
EU	6	6	6	5
Finland	2	2	2	2	2
	___	___	___	___	___	___	___		___	___	___	___	___	___	___
	85	84	91	113	119	138	100.0		45	47	66	76	88	95	100.0