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Technical Terms |
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Definition - Explication |
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Ice |
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Batture
ice |
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Ice floes that form on the upstream side
of shoals and bridges when cold weather accompanies neap tides. The mass
will freeze together causing an obstruction. Large sections can break
off and drift downstream.
Brash ice frozen
together. |
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Brash ice |
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Accumulation of ice made up of fragments not more than 2 m across. |
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Build up |
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A build
of ice. Can be formed by wind or current. |
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Canadian
Ice Service
(CIS)
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A section
of the Meteorological Service of Canada, within Environment Canada.
They are the major supplier of ice information to CCG. |
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Fast ice |
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Ice which
forms and remains fast along the coast. |
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Fresh
water |
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Fresh
water as opposed to salt water. |
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Ice-infested waters |
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Waters that have any
amount of ice on them. |
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Ice
Service Specialists
(ISS) |
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A CIS
employee who is trained and qualified to make ice observations and
reports. They work onboard ships and in ice offices and provide direct
assistance to commanding officers and regional ice superintendents. |
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Ice jam |
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An
accumulation of broken ice caught in a narrow channel. Commonly occurs
in rivers and near bridges and often results in flooding. |
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New Ice |
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Sea ice
less than 10 cm thick. |
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Grey ice |
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Sea ice
10-15 cm thick. |
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Grey-white ice |
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Sea ice
15-30 cm thick. |
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First
year ice |
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Sea ice
thicker than 30 cm. |
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Thick
first year ice |
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Sea ice thicker than
120 cm. |
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Old ice |
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Ice that
has survived at least one year’s melt. Found
most
often in
the
Arctic. |
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Ridges |
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Ridges
are formed when ice is under pressure. |
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Operations |
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At anchor |
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A vessel
secured by an anchor. |
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Beset |
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A ship that is unable to move
because of ice surrounding the vessel is beset. |
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Buoytender |
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A vessel
designed to place, and pick up buoys. |
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Convoy |
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An escort of more
than one vessel in a line. |
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Deployment |
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A vessel
is deployed when it has been assigned a task such as an escort. |
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Eastern
Arctic Sealift |
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The delivery of goods
to northern settlements where there is no commercial service. In 2003,
cargo was delivered to Kugaaruk (Pelly Bay) and Eureka. |
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Escort |
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Direct assistance of an
icebreaker to a vessel or vessels. The icebreaker will break a track
that the escorted vessel will follow. |
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Flood control/Ice
management
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Work done to minimize
flooding due to ice jams. Includes monitoring ice conditions and water
levels, preventing formation of ice jams, providing icebreaker services
to facilitate ice flow during spring break-up, constructing and
positioning ice booms and artificial ice islands. |
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Harbour
breakout |
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Breaking
out the approaches and clearing ice from wharf faces of port terminals
and facilities during the ice season, and the breaking out of harbours
to facilitate ice clearance at the end of the ice season. |
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Ice boom |
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A
temporary structure constructed to encourage the formation of an ice
cover outside the main shipping channel. |
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Icebreaker |
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A ship
specially designed and constructed for the purpose of assisting the
passage of other ships through ice. |
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Light
Icebreaker |
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A vessel
designed to work in lighter ice conditions, usually not far from shore.
They are multi-tasked vessels. T1000 |
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Medium
Icebreaker |
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A vessel
designed to work in less severe ice conditions. These ships are
multi-tasked. The vessels work as icebreakers in the winter and buoytenders
in the summer. T1100 |
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Heavy
Icebreaker |
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An
icebreaker designed to work in severe ice conditions and extended
periods of time in the Arctic. Also referred to as T1300 and T1200. |
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Ice
information |
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The
provision of general ice information to vessels and other interested
parties. |
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Ice
island |
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A
permanent structure constructed to encourage the formation of an ice
cover outside the main shipping channel. |
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Ice jam |
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An
accumulation of broken ice caught in a narrow channel. Commonly occurs
in rivers and near bridges and often results in flooding. |
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Icebreaking
Operations Data Information System
(IODIS) |
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A data
collection system used to gather statistics and produce reports. |
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Ice
routing |
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The
provision of a specific route for vessel to follow through the easiest
ice, reducing the need for escorts. |
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Ramming |
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Attempting to break ice by repeatedly driving the ship as far forward as
possible, backing the ship out and repeating the process. |
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Riparian |
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People
with riparian interests live next to the shore and are most affected by
flooding. |
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Route
assistance |
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The direct assistance
by icebreakers to vessels to allow movement through ice-infested waters.
This is done by organizing convoys, escorting ships through ice-covered
waters, freeing beset vessels and keeping shipping channels open. |
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Secured |
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A vessel secured to
the shore (i.e. at a wharf). |
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Sovereignty |
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Maintaining
sovereignty in the Canadian Arctic with such activities as guiding
foreign vessels through Arctic waters. |
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Transit |
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The time
and distance it takes for a vessel to get from its present location to
the location of the task. |
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Regulations |
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Arctic
shipping pollution prevention regulations
(ASPPR) |
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The ASPPR
govern some aspects of navigation through the Zone / Date system and
AIRSS. |
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Arctic
waters |
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Canadian
waters north of 60° N |
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Arctic
Ice Regime Shipping System
(AIRSS) |
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AIRSS
combines information on the ice and a ship’s capability in ice to asses
the potential for damage from the ice. When a ship uses this system it
can travel outside the limitations set out in the zone/date system. |
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Arctic
Waters Pollution Prevention Act
(AWPPA) |
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An act to
prevent pollution of areas of the
Arctic waters
adjacent to the
mainland and islands of the Canadian
Arctic. |
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Zone-date rules |
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The arctic waters are divided into 16
shipping safety control zones, with a schedule of earliest and latest
entry dates for each zone corresponding to specific categories of
vessels. |
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Other |
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Envisat |
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A
European satellite that is used as a backup for ice information. |
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RADARSAT |
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A
Canadian satellite launched in 1995.
It is still operating. It uses radar to acquire images.
As a result
cloud cover does not cause any problems. It is a major source of
information to the Canadian Ice Service (CIS). |
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RADARSAT
2 |
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The
planned successor to RADARSAT. It is still being built. |
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SLAR - Side looking
airborne radar |
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A radar
system onboard the ice reconassaince aircraft. |
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