Digest of Benefit Entitlement Principles - Chapter 2

2.1.0   AUTHORITY 

2.1.1   Definition
2.1.2   Scope
2.1.3   Proof

2.1.0    AUTHORITY

The Employment Insurance Act sets up an insurance scheme under which the beneficiaries are protected against the loss of income resulting from unemployment. The purpose of the scheme is obviously to compensate unemployed persons for a loss; it is not to pay benefits to those who have not suffered any loss¹.

That loss is legally referred to as an interruption of earnings² and the Act provides for the making of regulations to further define earnings³. Under the regulatory power, what constitutes earnings has varied from time to time⁴. An interruption of earnings is one of the conditions that must be met in order to receive benefits⁵.

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1. Jurisprudence Index/earnings/rationale/; K. Walford (A-263-78, CUB 4927);
2. EIA 2(1);
3. EIA 54(u);
4. EIR 35;
5. EIA 7(2)(a).

2.1.1    Definition

The interruption of earnings of a claimant is defined as, that interruption, which occurs in the earnings at any time and in any circumstances as, determined by the regulations¹. This definition, contained in the legislation, upholds any regulated prescription on the issue² and should eliminate the debates caused by the previous definition³.

The prescribed regulation⁴ thus provides at what time and in what circumstances an interruption of earnings occurs. The text of the regulation stipulates that⁵:

Subject to subsections (2) to (7), an interruption of earnings occurs where, following a period of employment with an employer, an insured person is laid off or separated from that employment and has a period of seven or more consecutive days during which no work is performed for that employer and in respect of which no earnings that arise from that employment, other than earnings described in subsection 36(13), are payable or allocated.

The exceptions to this general regulation occur in the situations where the claimant:

• ceases to work in that employment by reason of illness, injury, quarantine, pregnancy, or the need to care for a new born or a child placed for the purpose of adoption⁶;
• regularly works a greater number of hours, days or shifts than are normally worked in a week by persons employed in full-time employment and is entitled, pursuant to an employment agreement, to a period of leave⁷;
• is employed under an employment agreement under which the usual remuneration for that employment is payable in respect of a period greater than a week, regardless of the amount of work performed in that period⁸;
• is engaged or employed in the sale or purchase of real estate on a commission basis and holds a license to sell real estate issued by a provincial authority⁹;
• is employed under an employment agreement and whose earnings from that employment consist mainly of commissions¹⁰.

Each of these situations has their own specific provisions and will be dealt with later in this chapter. Added to this is a provision that deals with a person employed in work sharing employment¹¹.

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1. EIA 54(u);
2. EIA 2(1);
3. Jurisprudence Index/interruption of earnings/validity of regulations/; H. Enns (A-559-89, CUB 17293); J.A. Hartmann (A-516-88, CUB 14925); P.F. Scully (A-923-88, CUB 15501);
4. EIR 14;
5. EIR 14(1);
6. EIR 14(2); see 2.3.1, "Special Benefits";
7. EIR 14_3(3); see 2.3.2, "Lay Days or Periods of Leave";
8. EIR 14(4); see 2.3.4, "Guaranteed Income";
9. EIR 14(5)(a); see 2.3.5, "Real Estate Salespersons";
10. EIR 14(5)(b); see 2.3.6, "Employees Paid by Commission";
11. EIR 43.

2.1.2    Scope

An interruption of earnings is required to establish a benefit period. Any interruption of earnings during the qualifying period may be used for this purpose.

The interruption of earnings of a minor attachment claimant is no longer the factor used in determining the claimant's entitlement to sickness benefits. Instead, what must be determined in that case, is whether the claimant ceased work because he or she became incapable of work by reason of illness, injury or quarantine. In such a case the claimant is not entitled to receive benefit while incapable of work for that reason¹.

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1. EIA 21(1).

2.1.3    Proof

A claimant's failure to submit the Record of Employment (ROE) will be regarded as failure to prove that an interruption of earnings has occurred¹, unless the evidence indicates the employer failed to issue the Record of Employment at the proper time and the claimant has made reasonable efforts to obtain it.

Under a regulatory clause², the Record of Employment shall be delivered to the insured person not later than five days after the later of

1. the first day of the interruption of earnings, and
2. the day on which the employer becomes aware of the interruption of earnings.

An employer may have issued the Record of Employment to the insured person prior to the end of the seven-day interruption of earnings period. When the Commission becomes aware, before the benefit period is established, that the claimant has returned to work for the same employer before the end of the seven day break period set by the legislation, the Commission will not establish a benefit period as an interruption of earnings has not occurred.

However, where the Commission becomes aware, after the benefit period has been established that the claimant had returned to work for the same employer before the end of the seven day break period set by legislation, the Commission will only reconsider the decision that led to the conclusion that an interruption of earnings had occurred if there is evidence that the employer issued the Record of Employment knowing that the claimant would return to work within seven days.

The purpose of this policy is to prevent the voiding of a claim because there was no interruption of earnings in situations where the employer issued the ROE believing that the person would not return to work for 7 or more days but was called back unexpectedly.

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1. EIR 14; EIR 19(2)
2. EIR 19(3)(a).