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At the beginning of the 20th century, the Fauves and the Expressionists were taking an even freer approach to colour and brushstroke than the Post-Impressionists who had inspired them.
A group of a dozen or so painters created a sensation at the 1905 Salon d'automne, when they presented a gallery full of canvases in brilliant, high-contrast colours. Art critic Louis Vauxcelles referred disparagingly to these artists as les fauves ? "the wild beasts."
At the same period, German Expressionism was borrowing the fluid line of Art nouveau from artists like Klimt, but enhancing its expressive power by combining it with violent colours. This movement also drew upon the revolutionary spirit of certain Northern European artists, notably James Ensor. Although he exhibited with the Fauves, the artistic vision of Georges Rouault, with its underlying sense of tragedy, is closer to Expressionism.
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