INDEPTH: CANADA'S MILITARY
Canadian Forces in the 21st century
CBC News Online | Updated July 10, 2006
In June 2005, the Canadian Forces announced a major overhaul of its command structure - with a new emphasis on its mission within Canada. The goal: to respond more quickly to domestic disasters and terrorist threats.
Then defence minister Bill Graham said the new Canada Command will also improve co-ordination between the military and Canada's security and border control agencies, while reinforcing the country's commitments under the North American Aerospace Defence Command.
He said the announcement was the first step in a larger plan to revamp Canada's military, a force that has been criticized by the U.S. and other NATO allies as underfunded.
In the 2005 budget, the Liberal government promised a nearly $13-billion boost in military spending for the next five years. The Conservatives' budget in 2006 allocated $1.1 billion to the Canadian military over two years, as part of $5.3 billion in funding coming over the next five years.
As well, during the last week of June 2006, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced $15 billion in spending on military vehicles, including transport planes, heavy-lift helicopters, troop carrier ships and trucks. The spending will be spread out over several years.
Canada Command
The officer in charge of Canada Command, Lt.-Gen. Marc Dumais, is be the second most powerful uniformed officer in the Canadian Forces - reporting directly to the chief of defence staff.
The aim is to cut red tape and deploy soldiers and supplies quickly across the country when they are needed.
The Department of National Defence said the commander of Canada Command "will be responsible for the conduct of all domestic operations - routine and contingency - and will be the national operational authority for the defence of Canada and North America."
That means the new Canada Command will be this country's equivalent of the U.S. military's Northern Command, created after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.
The headquarters for Canada Command are in Ottawa, and there are also six regional headquarters: Northern, Pacific, Prairie, Central, East and Atlantic.
Chief of Defence Staff Gen. Rick Hillier said regional commanders will have the authority to deploy land, sea and air resources where they are needed, without going through what he called the current structure's "complex matrix" of commanders.
Here's a look at Canada and its military by the numbers.
Population
- Today: 32,507,874 (2004 estimation)
- Second World War: 11,507,000 (1941 census)
- First World War: 7,207,000 (1911 census)
Land
- Canada occupies 9,093,507 sq km, making it the second largest country in the world after Russia.
- Canada has 243,791 km of coastline and 8,893 km of borders.
Military expenditure
- Canada's defence budget for 2004: $13 billion.
- Promised budget boost: $12.8 billion over the next five years.
Armed Forces
- Today: 62,000 military personnel including 9,500 sailors, 19,500 soldiers, 14,500 air force personnel and 20,000 administrative and support personnel. There are also about 22,000 reservists.
- Second World War: 60,000 men and women enlisted in Canada's armed forces in one month (September 1939) after the declaration of war.
- First World War: More than 600,000 Canadians enlisted to fight in the First World War from 1914-1918.
Navy
- Today: There are 30 surface ships, four submarines and 9,500 sailors in Canada's navy.
- Second World War: At the end of the war, Canada had the third-largest fleet in the world, after the U.S. and the U.K. 23 Canadian ships were sunk by German U-Boats in the Battle of St. Lawrence alone.
- First World War: During the course of the First World War, Canada's naval service grew to a force of 9,000 men and 100 ships.
Canadians on the front lines
- Today: More than 1,200 members of the Armed Forces are deployed overseas.
- Second World War: More than one million served and approximately 45,000 died.
- First World War: Almost 620,000 Canadians served in First World War and 66,000 died.
- Canada in NATO: Of NATO's 19 member countries, Canada is...First in land area (9,093,507 sq. km), and sixth in total military spending ($13 billion)
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Today, there are 4.2 km of boundary for every member of Canada's military.
The 2002 Regina Queen City Mini Marathon was a distance of 4.2 km. Lee Evans of Emerald Park, Sask., won the race in a time of 20:14. At top speed of Mach 1.8, the F-18 Hornet could cover that distance in seven seconds.
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