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Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective
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Natural Resources Canada > Earth Sciences Sector > Priorities > Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation > Canadian Perspective
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective
References

Fisheries Table of Contents Impacts on Fish and Fisheries Previous Work Introduction Adaptation References Conclusion Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs

Citations in bold denote reports of research supported by the Government of Canada's Climate Change Action Fund.

  1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2001): Fast facts; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, available on-line.
  2. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2000): DFO climate variability and change impacts and adaptations research for Canada's marine and freshwater fisheries; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Summary, Program Framework, Workshop Proceedings and Background Report, 83 p.
  3. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2002): Domestic imports of selected commodities; Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
  4. Statistics Canada (2002): Landed value of fish by species; Statistics Canada, available on-line.
  5. Albritton, D.L. and Filho, L.G.M. (2001): Technical summary; in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, (ed.) J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C.A. Johnson, contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, p. 21-84; also available on-line.
  6. McGinn, N.A. (2002): Fisheries in a changing climate; American Fisheries Society, 319 p.
  7. Montevecchi, W.A. and Myers, R.A. (1997): Centurial and decadal oceanographic influences on changes in northern gannet populations and diets in the north-west Atlantic: implications for climate change; ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 54, no. 4, p. 608-614.
  8. Kennedy, V.S., Twilley, R.R., Kleypas, J.A., Cowan, J.H., Jr. and Hare, S.R. (2002): Coastal and marine ecosystems and global climate change: potential effects on U.S. resources; report prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 52 p.
  9. Jackson, D.A. and Mandrak, N.E. (2002): Changing fish biodiversity: predicting the loss of cyprind biodiversity due to global climate change; in Fisheries in a Changing Climate, (ed.) N.A. McGinn, American Fisheries Society, 319 p.
  10. Beamish, R.J. and Noakes, D.J. (2002): The role of climate in the past, present and future of Pacific salmon fisheries off the west coast of Canada; in Fisheries in a Changing Climate, (ed.) N.A. McGinn, American Fisheries Society, 319 p.
  11. Babaluk, J.A., Reist, J.D., Johnson, J.D. and Johnson, L. (2000): First records of sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) from Banks Island and other records of Pacific salmon in Northwest Territories, Canada; Arctic, v. 53, no. 2, p. 161-164.
  12. Peterman, R.M., Pyper, B.J. and Grout, J.A. (2000): Comparison of parameter estimation methods for detecting climate-induced changes in productivity of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.); Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 1, p. 181-191.
  13. Shuter, B.J., Minns, C.K., Regier, H.A. and Reist, J.D. (1998): Canada Country Study: climate impacts and adaptation, fishery sector; in Responding to Global Climate Change: National Sectoral Issue, (ed.) G. Koshida and W. Avis, Environment Canada, Canada Country Study: Climate Impacts and Adaptation, v. VII, p. 219-256.
  14. Mackinson, S. (2001): Integrating local and scientific knowledge: an example in fisheries science; Environmental Management, v. 27, no. 4, p. 533-545.
  15. Hoffman, E.E. and Powell, T.M. (1998): Environmental variability effects on marine fisheries: four case histories; Ecological Applications, v. 81, no. 1, p. S23-S32.
  16. Government of British Columbia (2001): Statistics; Government of British Columbia.
  17. Beamish, R.J. (1999): Why a strategy for managing salmon in a changing climate is urgently needed; in Climate Change and Salmon Stocks, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council.
  18. Noakes, D.J., Beamish, R.J. and Kent, M.L. (2000): On the decline of Pacific salmon and speculative links to salmon farming in British Columbia; Aquaculture, v. 183, no. 3-4, p. 363-386.
  19. Fluharty, D.L. (2000): Characterization and assessment of economic systems in the interior Columbia Basin: fisheries; General Technical Reports of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, v. PNW-GTR-451, p. 1-114.
  20. Ward, B.R. (2000): Declivity in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) recruitment at the Keogh River over the past decade; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, p. 298-306.
  21. Finney, B.P., Gregory-Eaves, I., Douglas, M.S.V. and Smol, J.P. (2002): Fisheries productivity in the northeastern Pacific Ocean over the past 2200 years; Nature, v. 416, p. 729-733.
  22. Cox, S.P. and Hinch, S.G. (1997): Changes in size at maturity of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) (1952-1993) and associations with temperature; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences v. 54, p. 1159-1165.
  23. Welch, D.W., Ishida, Y. and Nagasawa, K. (1998): Thermal limits and ocean migrations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): long-term consequences of global warming; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, p. 937-948.
  24. Downton, M.W. and Miller, K.A. (1998): Relationships between Alaska salmon catch and north Pacific climate on interannual and interdecadal time scale; Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, p. 2255-2265.
  25. Quinn, T.P., Hodgson, S. and Peven, C. (1997): Temperature, flow, and the migration of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Columbia River; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, p. 1349-1360.
  26. Morrison, J., Quick, M.C and Foreman, M.G.G. (2002): Climate change in the Fraser River watershed; flow and temperature projections; Journal of Hydrology, v. 263, no. 1-4, p. 230-244.
  27. Mackas, D.L., Thomson, R.E. and Galbraith, M. (2001): Changes in the zooplankton community of British Columbia continental margin, and covariation with oceanic conditions, 1985-1999; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, v. 58, p. 685-702.
  28. Whitney, F. (1999): Climate change and salmon stocks; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council.
  29. Petersen, J.H. and Kitchell, J.F. (2001): Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: bioenergetic implication for predators of juvenile salmon; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, v. 58, p. 1831-1841.
  30. Smith, B.D. (2000): Trends in wild adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) abundance for snowmelt-driven watersheds of British Columbia in relation to freshwater discharge; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 2, p. 285-297.
  31. Narcisse, A. (1999): Panel discussion: what are the most alarming potential impacts of climate change on salmon stocks? in Climate Change and Salmon Stocks, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council.
  32. Beamish, R.J., Noakes, D.J., McFarlane, G.A., Pinnix, W., Sweeting, R. and King, J. (2000): Trends in coho marine survival in relation to the regime concept; Fisheries Oceanography, v. 9, no. 1, p. 114-119.
  33. McFarlane, G.A., King, J.R. and Beamish, R.J. (2000): Have there been recent changes in climate? Ask the fish; Progress in Oceanography, v. 47, no. 2-4, p. 147-169.
  34. Ward, B.R. (2000): Declivity in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) recruitment at the Keogh River over the past decade; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 2, p. 298-306.
  35. Gough, J. (2001): Key issues in Atlantic fishery management; in Lifelines: Canada's East Coast Fisheries, Canadian Museum of Civilization, available on-line.
  36. Shaw, R.W., editor (1997): Climate variability and climate change in Atlantic Canada: proceedings of a workshop, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 3-6 December 1996; Environment Canada, Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 9.
  37. Drinkwater, K.F. 1997: Impacts of climate variability on Atlantic Canadian fish and shellfish stocks; in Climate Variability and Climate Change in Atlantic Canada: Proceedings of a Workshop, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 3-6 December 1996, (ed.) R.W. Shaw, Environment Canada, Atlantic Region, Occasional Report 9.
  38. Dutil, J.D., Castonguay, M., Gilbert, D. and Gascon, D. (1999): Growth, condition, and environmental relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and implications for management strategies in the northwest Atlantic; Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 56, p. 1818-1831.
  39. Colbourne, E.; deYoung, B. and Rose, G.A. (1997): Environmental analysis of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) migration in relation to the seasonal variation on the northeast Newfoundland Shelf; Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, Suppl. 1, p. 149-157.
  40. Keller, A.A. and Klein-MacPhee, G. (2000): Impact of elevated temperature on the growth, survival, and trophic dynamics of winter flounder larvae: a mesocosm study; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, p. 2382-2392.
  41. Gilbert, D. (2001): Effects of a warmer ocean climate under 2xCO2 atmosphere on the reproduction and distribution of snow crab in eastern Canada; unpublished report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  42. Harvell, C.D., Mitchell, C.E., Ward, J.R., Altizer, S., Dobson, A.P., Ostfeld, R.S. and Samuel, M.D. (2002): Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota; Science, v. 296, p. 2158-2162.
  43. Weise, A.M., Levasseur, M., Saucier, F.J., Senneville, S., Vézina, A., Bonneau, E., Sauvé, G. and Roy, S. (2001): The role of rainfall, river run-off and wind on toxic A. tamarense bloom dynamics in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (eastern Canada): analysis of historical data; report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  44. Burkholder, J.M. (1998): Implications of harmful microalgae and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in management of sustainable marine fisheries; Ecological Applications, v. 8, no. S1, p. S37-S62.
  45. Dempson, J.B., O'Connell, M.F. and Cochrane, N.M. (2001): Potential impact of climate warming on recreational fishing opportunities for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Newfoundland, Canada; Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 8, no. 1, p. 69-82.
  46. Swansberg, E. and El-Jabi, N. (2001): Impact of climate change on river water temperatures and fish growth; unpublished report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  47. Good, S.P., Dodson, J.J., Meekan, M.G. and Ryan, D.A.J. (2001): Annual variation in size-selective mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, p. 1187-1195.
  48. Arndt, S.K.A., Cunjak, R.A. and Benfey, T.J. (2002): Effect of summer floods and spatial-temporal scale on growth and feeding of juvenile Atlantic salmon in two New Brunswick streams; Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 4, p. 607-622.
  49. Chmura, G. (2001): The fate of salt marshes in Atlantic Canada; project report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  50. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2001b): Arctic research; Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
  51. Riedlinger, D. (2001): Responding to climate change in northern communities: impacts and adaptations; Arctic, v. 4, no. 1, p. 96-98.
  52. Vinnikov, K.Y., Robock, A., Stouffer, R.J., Walsh, J.E., Parkinson, C.L., Cavalieri, D.J., Mitchell, J.F.B., Garrett, D. and Zakharov, V.F. (1999): Global warming and northern hemisphere sea ice extent; Science, v. 286, p. 1934-1937.
  53. Comiso, J.C. (2002): A rapidly declining perennial sea ice cover in the Arctic; Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, n. 20, p. 17.1-17.4.
  54. Rothrock, D.A., Yu, Y. and Maykut, G.A. (1999): Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover; Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 23, p. 3469.
  55. Holloway, G. and Sou, T. (2001): Is Arctic sea ice rapidly thinning?; Meridian, Fall/Winter, p. 8-10.
  56. Kerr, R.A. (2002): Whither Arctic ice? Less of if, for sure; Science, v. 297, p. 1491.
  57. Kerr, R.A. (1999): Will the Arctic Ocean lose all its ice?; Science, v. 286, p. 1828.
  58. Hansell, R.I.C., Malcolm, J.R., Welch, H., Jefferies, R.L. and Scott, P.A. (1998): Atmospheric change and biodiversity in the Arctic; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 49, no. 2-3, p. 303-325.
  59. Tynan, C.T. and DeMaster, D.P. (1997): Observations and predictions of Arctic climatic change: potential effects on marine mammals; Arctic, v. 50, no. 4, p. 308-322.
  60. Churchill Northern Studies Centre (2000): Addressing climate change in Hudson Bay: an integrated approach; Churchill Northern Studies Centre, report from the Circumpolar Ecosystems 2000 Symposium held in Churchill, Manitoba, February 16-23, 2000, 26 p.
  61. Stirling, I., Lunn, N.J. and Iacozza, J. (1999): Long-term trends in the population ecology of polar bears in western Hudson Bay in relation to climatic change; Arctic, v. 52, no. 3, p. 294-306.
  62. Burns, W.C.G. (2000): From the harpoon to the heat: climate change and the International Whaling Commission in the 21st Century; report prepared for the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment and Security.
  63. Finley, K.J. (2001): Natural history and conservation of the Greenland whale, or bowhead, in the northwest Atlantic; Arctic, v. 54, no. 1, p. 55-76.
  64. Meyer, J.L., Sale, M.J., Mulholland, P.J. and Poff, N.L. (1999): Impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystem functioning and health; Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1373-1384.
  65. Hauer, F.R., Baron, J.S., Campbell, D.H., Fausch, K.D., Hostetler, S.W., Leavesley, G.H., Leavitt, P.R., McKnight, D.M. and Stanford, J.A. (1997): Assessment of climate change and freshwater ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains, USA and Canada; Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 903-924.
  66. Dockray, J.J., Morgan, I.J., Reid, S.D. and Wood, C.M. (1998): Responses of juvenile rainbow trout, under food limitation, to chronic low pH and elevated summer temperatures, alone and in combination; Journal of Fish Biology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 62-82.
  67. Reid, S.D., Dockray, J.J., Linton, T.K., McDonald, D.G. and Wood, C.M. (1997): Effects of chronic environmental acidification and a summer global warming scenario: protein synthesis in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, p. 2014-2024.
  68. Van Winkle, W.K., Rose, K.A., Shuter, B.J., Jager, H.I. and Holcomb, B.D. (1997): Effects of climatic temperature change on growth, survival, and reproduction of rainbow trout: predictions from a simulation model; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, p. 2526-2542.
  69. Lebreton, G.T.O. and Beamish, F.W.H. (2000): Interannual growth variation in fish and tree rings; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, p. 2345-2356.
  70. Magnuson, J.J., Webster, K.E., Assel, R.A., Bowser, C.J., Dillon, P.J., Eaton, J.G., Evans, H.E., Fee, E.J., Hall, R.I., Mortsch, L.R., Schindler, D.W. and Quinn, F.H. (1997): Potential effects of climate changes on aquatic systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian Shield region; Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 825-871.
  71. Mortsch, L.D. (1998): Assessing the impact of climate change on the Great Lakes shoreline wetlands; Climatic Change, v. 40, no. 2, p. 391-416.
  72. Hudon, C. (1997): Impact of water level fluctuations on St. Lawrence River aquatic vegetation; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 12, p. 2853-2865.
  73. Schindler, D.W. (2001): The cumulative effects of climate warming and other human stresses on Canadian freshwaters in the new millennium; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, v. 58, no. 1, p. 18-29.
  74. Fang, X. and Stefan, H.G. (1998): Potential climate warming effects on ice covers of small lakes in the contiguous U.S.; Cold Regions Science and Technology v. 27, no. 2, p. 119-140.
  75. Schindler, D.W. (1998): A dim future for boreal waters and landscapes; BioScience, v. 48, no. 3, p. 157-164.
  76. Hostetler, S.W. and Small, E.E. (1999): Response of North American freshwater lakes to simulated future climates; Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1625-1637.
  77. Fang, X. and Stefan, H.G. (1999): Projections of climate change effects on water temperature characteristics of small lakes in the contiguous U.S. Climatic Change, v. 42, no. 2, p. 377-412.
  78. Fang, X. and Stefan, H.G. (2000): Projected climate change effects on winterkill in shallow lakes in the northern United States; Environmental Management, v. 25, no. 3, p. 291-304.
  79. Choi, J.S. (1998): Lake ecosystem responses to rapid climate change; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment; v. 49, p. 281-290.
  80. Snucins, E. and Gunn, J. (2000): Interannual variation in the thermal structure of clear and colored lakes; Limnology and Oceanography, v. 45, p. 1639-1646.
  81. King, J.R., Shuter, B.J. and Zimmerman, A.P. (1999): Empirical links between thermal habitat, fish growth, and climate change; Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 4, p. 656-665.
  82. Hesslein, R. H., Turner, M.A., Kasian, S.E.M. and Guss, D. (2001): The potential for climate change to interact with the recovery of Boreal lakes from acidification-a preliminary investigation using ELA's database; report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  83. Ricciardi, A. and Rasmussen, J.B. (1998): Predicting the identity and impact of future biological invaders: a priority for aquatic resource management; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, p. 1759-1765.
  84. Vander Zanden, M.J., Cassleman, J.M. and Rasmussen, J.B. (1999): Stable isotope evidence for the food web consequences of species invasions in lakes; Nature, v. 401, p. 464-467.
  85. Köck, G., Doblander, C., Wieser, W., Berger, B. and Bright, D. (2001): Fish from sensitive ecosystems as bioindicators of global climate change: metal accumulation and stress response in char from small lakes in the high Arctic; Zoology, v. 104, Suppl. IV, p. 18.
  86. Clair, T.A., Ehrman, J. and Higuchi, K. (1998): Changes to the runoff of Canadian ecozones under a doubled CO2 atmosphere; Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 11, p. 2464-2477.
  87. Devito, K.J., Hill, A.R. and Dillon, P.J. (1999): Episodic sulphate export from wetlands in acidified headwater catchments: prediction at the landscape scale; Biogeochemistry, v. 44, p. 187-203.
  88. Turner, M. (2001): Testing the reversibility of climate change impacts on in-lake metabolism of dissolved organic carbon and its aftermath for Boreal forest lakes; unpublished report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  89. Warren, F.J., Waddington, J.M., Day, S.M. and Bourbonniere, R. (2001): The effect of drought on hydrology and sulphate dynamics in a temperate wetland; Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 16, p. 3133-3150.
  90. Cohen, S., Miller, K., Duncan, K., Gregorich, E., Groffman, P., Kovacs, P., Magaña, V., McKnight, D., Mills, E., Schimel, D. (2001): North America; in Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, (ed.) J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, p. 735-800 (available on-line).
  91. Cohen, S.J. (1997): What if and so what in northwest Canada: could climate change make a difference to the future of the Mackenzie Basin? Arctic, v. 50, no. 4, p. 293-307.
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  94. Troadec, J.P. (2000): Adaptation opportunities to climate variability and change in the exploitation and utilisation of marine living resources; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 61, no. 1, p. 101-112.
  95. Jamieson, G.S. and Levings, C.O. (2001): Marine protected areas in Canada-implications for both conservation and fisheries management; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, p. 138-156.
  96. Shuter, B.J., Minns, C.K. and Lester, N. (2002): Climate change, freshwater fish and fisheries: case studies from Ontario and their use in assessing potential impacts; report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  97. Langton, R.W. and Haedrich, R.L. (1997): Ecosystem-based management; in Northwest Atlantic Groundfish: Perspectives on a Fishery Collapse, (ed.) J. Boreman, B.S. Nakashima, J.A. Wilson, J.A. and R.L. Kendall, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, p. 111-138.
  98. Canadian Institute for Climate Studies (2000): Sustainable seafood in a changing climate; workshop report, University of Victoria, May 25-26, 2000, available on-line.
  99. Youngson, A.F. and Verspoor, E. (1998): Interactions between wild and introduced Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, suppl. 1, p. 153-160.
  100. Wilzbach, M.A., Mather, M.E., Folt, C.L., Moore, A., Naiman, R.J., Youngson, A.F. and McMenemy, J. (1998): Proactive responses to human impacts that balance development and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) conservation: an integrative model; Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, p. 288-302.
  101. Jones, S.A., Fischhoff, B. and Lach, D. (1998): An integrated impact assessment of the effects of climate change on the Pacific Northwest salmon fishery; Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, v. 16, no. 3, p. 227-237.
  102. Arnott, S., Gunn, J. and Yan, N. (2001): The effects of long-term climate change and short- term climate-related events on the biota of Boreal shield lakes; unpublished report prepared for the Climate Change Action Fund.
  103. Miller, K.A. (2000): Pacific salmon fisheries: climate, information and adaptation in a conflict-ridden context; Climatic Change, v. 45, no. 1, p. 37-61.

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2006-10-23Important notices