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Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective
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Natural Resources Canada > Earth Sciences Sector > Priorities > Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation > Canadian Perspective
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation: A Canadian Perspective
References

Forestry Table of Contents Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs References Adaptation Impacts Previous Work Introduction Conclusion

Citations in bold denote reports of research supported by the Government of Canada's Climate Change Action Fund.

  1. Natural Resources Canada (2001): State of Canada's forests 2000-2001: forests in the new millennium; Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, Ontario, 120 p.; available on-line. (accessed July 2002).
  2. Albritton, D.L. and Filho, L.G.M. (2001): Technical summary; in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, (ed.) J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C.A. Johnson, contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, p. 21-84; also available on-line.
  3. Cohen, S. and Miller, K. (2001): North America; in Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, (ed.) J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, p. 735-800; also available on-line.
  4. Saporta, R., Malcolm, J.R. and Martell, D.L. (1998): The impact of climate change on Canadian forests; in Responding to Global Climate Change: National Sectoral Issue, (ed.) G. Koshida and W. Avis, Environment Canada, Canada Country Study: Climate Impacts and Adaptation, v. VII, p. 319-382.
  5. Gitay, H., Brown, S., Easterling, W. and Jallow, B. (2001): Ecosystems and their goods and services; in Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, (ed.) J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, p. 735-800; also available on-line.
  6. Rehfeldt, G.E., Ying, C.C., Spittlehouse, D.L. and Hamilton, D.A. Jr. (1999): Genetic responses to climate in Pinus contorta: niche breadth, climate change, and reforestation; Ecological Monographs, v. 69, no. 3, p. 375-407.
  7. Environment Canada (2001): Climate trends.
  8. Myneni, R.B., Keeling, C.D., Tucker, C.J., Asrar, G. and Nemani, R.R. (1997): Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981-1991; Nature, v. 386, p. 698-702.
  9. Beaubien, E.G. and Freeland, H.J. (2000): Spring phenology trends in Alberta, Canada: links to ocean temperature; International Journal of Biometeorology, v. 44, no. 2, p. 53-59.
  10. Colombo, S.J. (1998): Climatic warming and its effect on bud burst and risk of frost damage to white spruce in Canada; Forestry Chronicle, v. 74, no. 4, p. 567-577.
  11. McKenney, D.W., Hutchinson, M.F., Kesteven, J.L. and Venier, L.A. (2001): Canada's plant hardiness zones revisited using modern climate interpolation techniques; Canadian Journal of Plant Science, v. 81, no. 1, p. 117-129.
  12. Luckman, B. and Kavanagh, T. (2000): Impact of climate fluctuations on mountain environments in the Canadian Rockies; Ambio, v. 29, no. 7, p. 371-380.
  13. Lieffers, S.M., Lieffers, V.J., Silins, U. and Bach, L. (2001): Effects of cold temperatures on breakage of lodgepole pine and white spruce twigs; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 1650-1653.
  14. Ayres, M.P. and Lombardero, M.J. (2000): Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens; The Science of the Total Environment, v. 262, no. 3, p. 263-286.
  15. Zhu, X.B., Cox, R.M., Bourque, C.P.A. and Arp, P. A. (2002): Thaw effects on cold-hardiness parameters in yellow birch; Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 80, p. 390-398.
  16. Cox, R.M. and Malcolm, J.W. (1997): Effects of winter thaw on birch die-back and xylem conductivity: an experimental approach with Betula papyrifera L.; Tree Physiology, v. 17, p. 389-396.
  17. Bergsten, U., Goulet, F., Lundmark, T. and Ottosson Löfvenius, M. (2001): Frost heaving in a boreal soil in relation to soil scarification and snow cover; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1084-1092.
  18. Hogg, E.H., Brandt, J.P. and Kochtubajda, B. (2001): Responses of western Canadian aspen forests to climate variation and insect defoliation during the period 1950-2000; unpublished report, Natural Resources Canada, Climate Change Action Fund.
  19. Cox, R.M. and Arp, P.A. (2001): Using winter climatic data to estimate spring crown dieback in yellow birch: a case study to project extent and locations of past and future birch decline; unpublished report, Natural Resources Canada, Climate Change Action Fund.
  20. Price, D.T., Peng, C.H., Apps, M.J. and Halliwell, D.H. (1999): Simulating effects of climate change on boreal ecosystem carbon pools in central Canada; Journal of Biogeography, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1237-1248.
  21. Maynard, B.K. (2001): List of sustainable trees and shrubs; available on-line.
  22. Gielen, B. and Ceulemans, R. (2001): The likely impact of rising atmospheric CO2 on natural and managed Populus: a literature review; Environmental Pollution, v. 115, p. 335-358.
  23. Dickson, R.E., Coleman, M.D., Riemenschneider, D.E., Isebrands, J.G., Hogan, G.D. and Karnosky, D.F. (1998): Growth of five hybrid poplar genotypes exposed to interacting elevated CO2 and O3; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 28, p. 1706-1716.
  24. Olszyk, D., Wise, C., VanEss, E. and Tingey, D. (1998): Elevated temperature but not elevated CO2 affects long-term patterns of stem diameter and height of Douglas-fir seedlings; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 28, p. 1046-1054.
  25. Volin, J.C., Kruger, E.L. and Lindroth, R.L. (2002): Responses of deciduous broadleaf trees to defoliation in a CO2 enriched atmosphere; Tree Physiology, v. 22, no. 7, p. 435-448.
  26. Karnosky, D.F., Mankovska, B., Percy, K., Dickson, R.E., Podila, G.K., Sober, J., Noormets, A., Hendrey, G., Coleman, M.D., Kubiske, M., Pregitzer, K.S. and Isebrands J.G. (1999): Effects of tropospheric O3 on trembling aspen and interaction with CO2: Results from an O3-gradient and a FACE experiment; Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v. 116, no. 1-2, p. 311-322.
  27. Isebrands, J.G., McDonald, E.P., Kruger, E., Hendrey, G., Percy, K., Pregitzer, K., Sober, J. and Karnosky, D.F. (2001): Growth responses of Populus tremuloides to interacting elevated carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone; Environmental Pollution, v. 115, no. 3, p. 359-371.
  28. Robinson, D.E., Wagner, R.G. and Swanton, C.J. (2002): Effects of nitrogen on the growth of jack pine competing with Canada blue grass and large-leaved aster; Forest Ecology and Management, v. 160, no. 1, p. 233-242.
  29. Caspersen, J.P., Pacala, S.W., Jenkins, J.C., Hurtt, G.C., Moorcroft, P.R. and Birdsey, R.A. (2000): Contributions of land-use history to carbon accumulation in U.S. forests; Nature, v. 290, p. 1148-1151.
  30. Colombo, S.J, Buse, L.J., Cherry, M.L., Graham, C., Greifenhagen, S., McAlpine, R.S., Papadapol, C.S., Parker, W.C., Scarr, T., Ter-Mikaelian, M.T. and Flannigan, M.D. (ed.) (1998): The impacts of climate change on Ontario's forests; Ontario Forest Research Institute, Forest Research Information Paper, v. 143, no. 50, 50 p.
  31. Papadopol, C.S. (2000): Impacts of climate warming on forests in Ontario: options for adaptation and mitigation; Forestry Chronicle, v. 76, no. 1, p. 139-149.
  32. Koshida, G. and Avis, W. (1998): Executive Summary, Canada Country Study, Volume VII.
  33. Kirilenko, A.P., Belotelov, N.V. and Bogatyrev, B.G. (2000): Global model of vegetation migration: incorporation of climatic variability; Ecological Modelling, v. 132, p. 125-133.
  34. Stewart, R.B., Wheaton, E. and Spittlehouse, D. (1997): Climate change: implications for the Boreal forest; in Implications of Climate Change: What Do We Know?, Proceedings of Air and Water Waste Management Association Symposium, September 22-24, 1997, Calgary, Alberta, 23 p.
  35. Iverson, L.R. and Prasad, A.M. (2001): Potential changes in tree species richness and forest community types following climate change; Ecosystems, v. 4, no. 3, p. 186-199.
  36. James, P. (2001): Climate change and fragmented Prairie biodiversity: prediction and adaptation; unpublished report prepared for the Prairie Adaptation Research Cooperative (PARC).
  37. Collingham, Y.C. and Huntley, B. (2000): Impacts of habitat fragmentation and patch size upon migration rates; Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 1, p. 131-144.
  38. Loehle, C. (1998): Height growth rate tradeoffs determine northern and southern range limits for trees; Journal of Biogeography, v. 25, no. 4, p. 735-742.
  39. Brooks, J.R., Flanagan, L.B. and Ehleringer, J.R. (1998): Responses of boreal conifers to climate fluctuations: indications from tree-ring widths and carbon isotope analyses; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 28, no. 4, p. 524-533.
  40. Hogg, E.H. (1999): Simulation of interannual responses of trembling aspen stands to climatic variation and insect defoliation in western Canada; Ecological Modelling, v. 114, p. 175-193.
  41. Morgan, G., Pitelka, L.F. and Shevliakova, E. (2001): Elicitation of expert judgments of climate change impacts on forest ecosystems; Climatic Change, v. 49, no. 3, p. 279-307.
  42. Price, D.T., Zimmermann, N.E, van der Meer, P.J., Lexer, M.J., Leadley, P., Jorritsma, I.T.M., Schaber, J., Clark, D.F., Lasch, P., McNulty, S., Wu, J. and Smith, B. (2001): Regeneration in gap models: priority issues for studying forest responses to climate change; Climatic Change, v. 52, no. 3-4, p. 475-508.
  43. Malcolm, J.R. and Pitelka, L.F. (2000): Ecosystems and global climate change: a review of potential impacts on U.S. terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity; report prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; available on-line.
  44. Shafer, S.L., Bartlein, P.J. and Thompson, R.S. (2001): Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios; Ecosystems, v. 4, p. 200-215.
  45. Thompson, I.D., Flannigan, M.D., Wotton, B.M. and Suffling, R. (1998): The effects of climate change on landscape diversity: an example in Ontario forests; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 49, no. 2-3, p. 213-233.
  46. MacDonald, G.M., Szeicz, J.M., Claricoates, J. and Dale, K. (1998): A response of the central Canadian treeline to recent climatic changes; Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 88, no. 2, p. 183-208.
  47. Loehle, C. (2000): Forest ecotone response to climate change: sensitivity to temperature response functional forms; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 30, no. 10, p. 1632-1645.
  48. Hong, S.H., Mladenoff, D.J. and Crow, T.R. (1999): Linking an ecosystem model and a landscape model to study forest species response to climate warming; Ecological Modelling, v. 114, no. 2-3, p. 213-233.
  49. Kirsch Baum, M.U.F. (2000): Forest growth and species distribution in a changing climate; Tree Physiology, v. 22, no. 5-6, p. 309-322.
  50. Cherry, M.L. (1998): Genetic implications of climate change; in The Impacts of Climate Change on Ontario's Forests, (ed.) S.J. Colombo and L.J. Buse, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Research Information Paper No. 143.
  51. Parker, W.C., Colombo, S.J., Cherry, M.L., Flannigan, M.D., Greifenhagen, S., McAlpine, R.S., Peng, C. and Apps, M.J. (1998): Simulating carbon dynamics along the Boreal Forest Transect Case Study (BFTCS) in central Canada: 2, sensitivity to climate change; Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 12, no. 2, p. 393-402.
  52. Fleming, R.A. and Candau, J.N. (1998): Influences of climatic change on some ecological processes of an insect outbreak system in Canada's boreal forests and the implications for biodiversity; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 49, no. 2-3, p. 235-249.
  53. Fleming, R.A., Candau, J.N. and McAlpine, R.S. (2001): Exploratory retrospective analysis of the interaction between spruce budworm (SBW) and forest fire activity; unpublished report, Natural Resources Canada, Climate Change Action Fund.
  54. Weber, M.G. and Stocks, B.J. (1998): Forest fires and sustainability in the boreal forests of Canada; Ambio, v. 27, no. 7, p. 545-550.
  55. Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (2001): Compendium of Canadian forestry statistics; available on-line.
  56. Schindler, D.W. (1998): A dim future for boreal waters and landscapes; BioScience, v. 48, no. 3, p. 157-164.
  57. Kasischke, E.S., Bergen, K., Fennimore, R., Sotelo, F., Stephens, G., Jaentos, A. and Shugart, H.H. (1999): Satellite imagery gives clear picture of Russia's boreal forest fires; Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 80, p. 141-147.
  58. Stocks, B.J (2001): Projecting Canadian forest fire impacts in a changing climate: laying the foundation for the development of sound adaptation strategies; unpublished report, Natural Resources Canada, Climate Change Action Fund.
  59. Bergeron, Y., Gauthier, S., Kafka, V., Lefort, P. and Lesieur, D. (2001): Natural fire frequency for the eastern Canadian boreal forest: consequences for sustainable forestry; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 384-391.
  60. Johnson, E.A., Miyanishi, K. and O'Brien, N. (1999): Long-term reconstruction of the fire season in the mixedwood boreal forest of western Canada; Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 77, no. 8, p. 1185-1188.
  61. Podur, J., Martell, D.L., Knight, K. (2002): Statistical quality control analysis of forest fire activity in Canada; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 32, p.195-205.
  62. Stocks, B.J., Fosberg, M.A., Lynham, T.J., Mearns, L., Wotton, B.M., Yang, Q., Jin, J.Z., Lawrence, K., Hartley, G.R., Mason, J.A. and McKenney, D.W. (1998): Climate change and forest fire potential in Russian and Canadian boreal forests; Climatic Change, v. 38, no. 1, p. 1-13.
  63. Goldammer, J.G. and Price, C. (1998): Potential impacts of climate change on fire regimes in the tropics based on Magicc and a GISS GCM-derived lightning model; Climatic Change, v. 39, no. 2-3, p. 273-296.
  64. Flannigan, M.D., Campbell, I., Wotton, M., Carcaillet, C., Richard, P. and Bergeron, Y. (2001): Future fire in Canada's boreal forest: paleoecology results and general circulation model - regional climate model simulations; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 5, p. 854-864.
  65. Flannigan, M.D., Stocks, B.J. and Wotton, B.M. (2000): Climate change and forest fires; Science of the Total Environment, v. 262, no. 3, p. 221-229.
  66. Li, C., Flannigan, M.D. and Corns, I.G.W. (2000): Influence of potential climate change on forest landscape dynamics of west-central Alberta; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 30, no. 12, p. 1905-1912.
  67. Bergeron, Y. (1998): Consequences of climate changes on fire frequency and forest composition in the southwestern boreal forest of Quebec; Géographie physique et Quaternaire, v. 52, no. 2, p. 167-173.
  68. McAlpine, R.S. (1998): The impact of climate change on forest fires and forest fire management in Ontario; in The Impacts of Climate Change on Ontario's Forests, (ed.) S.J. Colombo, L.J. Buse, M.L. Cherry, C. Graham, S. Greifenhagen, R.S. McAlpine, C.S. Papadapol, W.C. Parker, R. Scarr, M.T. Ter-Mikaelian and M.D. Flannigan, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Forest Research Information Paper, v. 143, no. 50, 50 p.
  69. Environment Canada (2002): Dave Phillip's top 10 weather stories of 2001.
  70. Amiro, B.D., Todd, J.B., Wotton, B.M., Logan, K.A., Flannigan, M.D., Stocks, B.J., Mason, J.A., Martell, D.L. and Hirsch, K.G. (2001): Direct carbon emissions from Canadian forest fires, 1959-1999; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 512-525.
  71. Volney, W.J.A. and Fleming, R.A. (2000): Climate change and impacts of boreal forest insects; Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, v. 82, no. 1-3, p. 283-294.
  72. Hogg, E.H., Brandt, J.P. and Kochtubajda, B. (2002): Growth and dieback of apsen forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada in relation to climate and insects; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 32, p. 823-832.
  73. Volney, W.J.A. (2001): Impacts of climate change on markets and forest values; in Forestry Climate Change and Adaptation Workshop, Proposed Forestry Network within C-CIARN, prepared for Canadian Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Research Network (C-CIARN) by Summum Consultants.
  74. Percy, K.E., Awmack, C.S., Lindroth, R.L., Kopper, B.J., Isebrands, J.G., Pregitzer, K.S., Hendrey, G.R., Dickson, R.E., Zak, D.R., Oksanen, E., Sober, J., Harrington, R. and Karnosky, D.F. (in press): Will pests modify predicted response of forests to CO2 enriched atmospheres? Nature.
  75. Price, J. (2000): Climate change, birds and ecosystems - why should we care? in Proceedings of the International Health Conference, Sacramento, California, August 1999.
  76. Hooper, M.C., Arii, K. and Lechowicz, M.J. (2001): Impact of a major ice storm on an old-growth hardwood forest; Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 79, no. 1, p. 70-75.
  77. Kerry, M., Kelk, G., Etkin, D., Burton, I. and Kalhok, S. (1999): Glazed over: Canada copes with the ice storm of 1998; Environment, v. 41, no. 1, p. 6-11, 28-33.
  78. Ice Storm Forest Research and Technology Transfer (2001): After the ice storm; available on-line.
  79. Peterson, C.J. (2000): Catastrophic wind damage to North American forests and the potential impact of climate change; Science of the Total Environment, v. 262, no. 3, p. 287-311.
  80. Shaw, J. (2001): The tides of change: climate change in Atlantic Canada; available on-line.
  81. Veblen, T.T., Kulakowski, D., Eisenhart, K.S. and Baker, W.L. (2001): Subalpine forest damage from a severe windstorm in northern Colorado; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 31, p. 2089-2097.
  82. Lindemann, J.D. and Baker, W.L. (2001): Attributes of blowdown patches from a severe wind event in the southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.; Landscape Ecology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 313-325.
  83. Williams, G.D.V. and Wheaton, E.E. (1998): Estimating biomass and wind erosion impacts for several climatic scenarios: a Saskatchewan case study; Prairie Forum, v. 23, no. 1, p. 49-66.
  84. Hauer, G., Williamson, T. and Renner, M. (1999): Socio-economic impacts and adaptive responses to climate change: a Canadian forest perspective; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Informal Report NOR-X-373.
  85. Hauer, G. (2001): Climate change impacts on agriculture/forestry land use patterns: developing and applying an integrated impact assessment model; unpublished report, Natural Resources Canada, Climate Change Action Fund.
  86. Dixon, R.K., Smith, J.B., Brown, S., Masera, O., Mata, L.J., Buksha, I. and Larocque, G.R. (1999): Simulations of forest system response and feedbacks to global change: experience and results from the U.S. Country Studies Program; in Special Issue: Future Directions in Modelling Net Primary Productivity in Forest Ecosystems, proceedings of a symposium held at the joint meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM) and the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS), Montréal, Quebec, August 5-6, 1997, p. 289-305.
  87. Mendelsohn, R. (2001): Impacts of climate change on markets and forest values; in Forestry Climate Change and Adaptation Workshop, Proposed Forestry Network within C-CIARN, prepared for Canadian Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Research Network (C-CIARN) by Summum Consultants.
  88. Churkina, G. and Running, S. (2000): Investigating the balance between timber harvest and productivity of global coniferous forests under global change; Climatic Change, v. 47, no. 1-2, p. 167-191.
  89. Nabuurs, G.J. and Sikkema, R. (2001): International trade in wood products: its role in the land use change and forestry carbon cycle; Climatic Change, v. 49, no. 4, p. 377-395.
  90. Mike, J. (2001): Provincial governments and First Nations perspectives; in Forestry Climate Change and Adaptation Workshop, Proposed Forestry Network within C-CIARN, prepared for Canadian Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Research Network (C-CIARN) by Summum Consultants.
  91. Environment Canada (1999): The Canada Country Study (CCS) - climate change impacts and adaptation in Canada: highlights for Canadians.
  92. Lindner, M., Lasch, P. and Erhard, M. (2000): Alternative forest management strategies under climatic change - prospects for gap model applications in risk analyses; Silva Fennica, v. 34, no. 2, p. 101-111.
  93. Spittlehouse, D. (2001): Evaluating and managing for effects of future climates on forest growth; in Proceedings of Adapting Forest Management to Future Climate, January 25-26, 2001, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.
  94. Hebda, R. (1998): Atmospheric change, forests and biodiversity; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 49, no. 2-3, p. 195-212.
  95. O'Shaughnessy, S.A. and Johnson, M. (2001): Changing climate and adaptation in forest management; in Conference Proceedings from Adapting Forest Management to Future Climate, January 25-26, 2001, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.
  96. O'Shaughnessy, S.A. and Martz, L. (2002): A framework for determining the ability of the forest sector to adapt to climate change; unpublished report prepared for the Prairie Adaptation Research Cooperative (PARC).
  97. Lindner, M. (1999): Forest management strategies in the context of potential climate change; Waldbaustrategien im Kontext moglicher Klimaanderungen. Forstwissenschaftliches-Centralblatt, v. 118, no. 1, p. 1-13.
  98. Irland, L.C. (2000): Ice storms and forest impacts; Science of the Total Environment, v. 262, no. 3, p. 231-242.
  99. Montréal Process Working Group (1998): The Montréal Process; available on-line.
  100. Hogg, E.H. and Schwarz, A.G. (1997): Regeneration of planted conifers across climatic moisture gradients on the Canadian Prairies: implications for distribution and climate change; Journal of Biogeography, v. 24, p. 527-534.
  101. Dore, M., Kulshreshtha, S.N. and Johnson, M. (2000): Agriculture versus forestry in northern Saskatchewan; in Sustainable Forest Management and Global Climate Change, (ed.) M.H. Dore and R. Guevara, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, 281 p.
  102. Natural Resources Canada (2001b): Genetically Modified Trees; available on-line.
  103. Brown, K.R. and van den Driessche, R. (2002): Growth and nutrition of hybrid poplars over 3 years after fertilization at planting; Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 32, p. 226-232.
  104. Wheaton, E. (2001): Changing fire risk in a changing climate: a literature review and assessment; Saskatchewan Research Council, Publication No. 11341-2E01, prepared for Climate Change Action Fund (CCAF).
  105. Hirsch, K., Kafka, V., Todd, B. and Tymstra, C. (2001): Using forest management techniques to alter forest fuels and reduce wildfire size: an exploratory analysis; in Climate Change in the Prairie Provinces: Assessing Landscape Fire Behaviour Potential and Evaluation Fuel Treatment as an Adaptation Strategy; unpublished report prepared for the Prairie Adaptation Research Cooperative (PARC).
  106. Johnson, M. (2001): Impact of climate change on boreal forest insect outbreaks; Limited Report, Saskatchewan Research Council, Publication No. 11341-6E01.
  107. Natural Resources Canada (2001c): Genetically Modified Baculoviruses.
  108. Lautenschlager, R.A. and Nielsen, C. (1999): Ontario's forest science efforts following the 1998 ice storm; Forestry Chronicle, v. 75, no. 4, p. 633-664.

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2006-10-18Important notices