Science > Boreal Mixedwood Research Site

Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Site

Location: The research project is situated in the Black Sturgeon Forest, approximately 120 km northeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Ecozone: Boreal Shield

[ Background | Objectives | Harvesting Component | Site Preparation Component | Fire Ecology Component | Aquatic Ecosystem Component | Individual Research Studies | Principal Contact | Researchers | Partners | Establishment Report | Outputs | FERNS Home Page ]

Background

Boreal mixedwood cover types occupy a significant portion of the Boreal Shield Ecozone. For example, in northern Ontario it is estimated that they occupy at least 50% of the productive forest land. Typically these forests occur on sites that support, or can support, varying mixtures of white spruce, black spruce, balsam fir, trembling aspen and white birch. Such mixedwood stands occur across a broad range of fresh to moist, loamy upland soil conditions.

Consequently, because they tend to occupy the most fertile sites, these are potentially the most productive forests in the ecozone.

The large area covered by the boreal mixedwoods and the timber they support make them an important element in the provincial economy. However, because of their diversity, aesthetic appeal and rich flora and fauna, non-timber values are becoming increasingly potent factors in decisions relating to the management of these cover types. As resource managers are being increasingly challenged to manage both for timber and non-timber values, alternative ways of managing these forests must be sought to meet different resource-use goals.

The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project was establishedinresponse to the need to build a strong ecological foundation for integrated resource management in boreal mixedwoods. This is being accomplished by focusing upon structure of boreal mixedwoods at the stand and watershed level and determining their response to disturbance and manipulation. The Black Sturgeon Forest was selected for this initiative because of its long history of research on spruce budworm and related issues, and the importance of boreal mixedwoods in the industrial economy of the Thunder Bay region. The project site is typical of mixedwoods throughout much of northern Ontario - second growth stands with greatly increased aspen and balsam fir contents, the latter making them susceptible to severe spruce budworm infestations.

Objectives

This large, integrated multidisciplinary project has four main components that evaluate the effects and ecosystem responses to: different harvesting regimes; mechanical site preparation; prescribed burning; and watershed manipulation. The broad objectives of the project are:

1. To determine the potential of alternative silvicultural systems (retention systems) for boreal mixedwood management;
2. To determine their implications for forest renewal and non-timber values;
3. To determine the long term ecological impacts and interactions of harvesting regime, prescribed fire, and/or mechanical site preparation on boreal mixedwood ecosystems at the stand and watershed level.
4. To determine how and whether such alternative practices provide significant environmental protection
   

Examines the impacts of alternatives to clearcutting, and subsequent regeneration treatments, on a broad range of ecosystem elements.

Harvesting was carried out on 21 replicated 10 ha harvest blocks separated by 100 m uncut buffer strips in the fall of 1993. Six harvesting treatments, ranging from uncut control, patch, shelterwood, to clearcut, were conducted at the Camp 7 and Airstrip sites.

Site Preparation Component

Examines the effects of intensive mechanical soil mixing and surface organic matter removal on soil processes, and on the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates and soil microflora.

A clearcut full-tree harvest was conducted in 1992 on the Eskwanonwatin Lake site. Site preparation (10 m x 10 m plots) treatment replications which included mechanical soil mixing, screefing, mounding and herbicide application and planting were carried out in the spring of 1993.

Additional and complementary site preparation treatments were applied in 1995 to the Camp 7 and Airstrip clearcut and partial cut treatments and in 1997 to the 1996 burn sites at the Airstrip.

Fire Ecology Component

Examines the impact of large-scale prescribed fire on vegetation succession and soil nutrient dynamics.

Sixteen replicated 9 ha blocks were harvested in the fall of 1993. Treatments were uncut, clearcut (tree-length and full-tree removal) and a treatment where the balsam fir was tramped to simulate post budworm stand breakup.

Two blocks of each treatment were burned in the late spring of 1996, for comparison with the eight unburned blocks of each treatment. Site preparation treatment in burned and unburned blocks in 1997.

Aquatic Ecosystem Component:

Examines the effects of current and alternative harvesting practices on the aquatic habitats and associated biota of forest headwater streams.

1. 1. To determine effects of two levels of partial cut harvesting in headwater catchments on water quality, flow and temperature, organic matter inputs and processing, aquatic invertebrate diversity, and fisheries habitat.
2. 2. To determine if partial cut harvesting in headwater catchments provides greater resource protection in streams than conventional clearcut harvesting with established stream protection guidelines.

Several years of pretreatment baseline watershed data have been collected on the four watersheds which comprise the fourth component of the Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project. Four operational-scale harvesting treatments will be applied in 2000/2001. They include a full-tree clearcut (200 ha) watershed, two 400 ha watersheds, one low impact and one high impact partial cut, and an uncut watershed.

Individual Research Studies

The following studies are being carried out following the above-mentioned harvesting, site preparation, prescribed burning and effects on watershed treatments.

1. Logging damage to residual trees and advance growth.
2. Pathological and entomological responses.
3. Seedbank dynamics.
4. Post-treatment vegetation succession and structure.
5. Forest regeneration following harvesting, site preparation and prescribed fire.
6. Stand dynamics, growth and yield.
7. Organic matter and nutrient dynamics.
8. Soil fauna and wildlife (songbirds, small mammals, amphibia) impacts.
9. Water quality, flow (pH, temperature, cations, organic matter)
10. Aquatic invertebrate diversity.
11. Fisheries habitat.
    

Principal Contact

Al Cameron, (p) 705-759-5740 ext 2154, alcam@nrcan.gc.ca

Researchers

Dr. Ken Abraham, Wildlife biology, (p) 416-832-7206,

Dr. Jan Addison, Soil biology, (p) 250-391-2585,

Kevin Barber, Entomology, (p) 705-759-5740, kbarber@nrcan.gc.ca

Dr. Mike Dumas, Pathology, (p) 705-759-5740, mdumas@nrcan.gc.ca

Jean-Francois Gingras, Harvesting and operations, (p) 514-694-1140,
jf-g@mtl.feric.ca

Dr. Arthur Groot, Silviculture, (p) 705-759-5740, agroot@nrcan.gc.ca

Raymond Guy, Amphibian biology, (p) 705-675-6673,

Steve Holmes, Avian ecology, (p) 705-759-5740, sholmes@nrcan.gc.ca

Dr. Mark Johnston, Fire ecology, (p) 306-953-2491,

Dave Kreutzweiser, Aquatic ecology, (p) 705-759-5740, dkreutzw@nrcan.gc.ca

Alain Larocque, Water chemistry, (p) 705-675-6673, fax 705-671-2550

Jean-Denis Leblanc, Silviculture, (p) 705-759-5740, dleblanc@nrcan.gc.ca

Doug McRae, Prescribed fire, (p) 705-759-5740, dmcrae@nrcan.gc.ca

Dr. Rob Mackereth, Fisheries biology, (p) 807-343-4009,

Dr. Ian Morrison, Soil nutrient cycling, (p) 705-759-5740, imorriso@nrcan.gc.ca

Dr. Yves Prevost, Entomology, (p) 807-343-8445, yves.prevost@lakeheadu.ca

Dr. Phil Reynolds, Silviculture, (p) 705-949-9461, preynold@nrcan.gc.ca

Dr. Art Rodgers, Wildlife biology, (p) 807-343-4011, rodgera@gov.on.ca

Dr. John Scarratt, Silviculture, (p)

Bill Towill, Forest Ecology, (p) 807-939-3103

Partners

Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (NWST & CNFER)

Avenor Inc., Thunder Bay, ON

Sturgeon Timber Ltd., Dorion, ON

Establishment Report

Scarratt, J. B.; Johnston, M., Sutherland, B. J. 1996. The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project: ecosystem research in support of integrated resource management. p. 202-207 in C. R. Smith, G. W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 239 p.

Scarratt, J. B. 1996. Response to disturbance in boreal mixedwood ecosystems: The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. NODA Note No. 19. 6 p.

Full establishment report in preparation (1997).

Outputs

Abraham, K. F.; Rodgers, A. R. (Principal investigators). 1996. Influence of environmentally considerate silviculture on bird and mammal populations in boreal mixedwoods. p. 38 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4049 ].

Call #: 0002

Abraham, Kenneth F. 1996. Bird community changes in response to different harvest levels in boreal mixedwoods. [abstract only]. p. 172 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4049 ].

Call #: 0001

Addison, J. A. 1996. Harvesting and site preparation impacts on soil microarthropods. p. 186-189 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4050].

Call #: 0001

Addison, J. A.; Barber, K. N. (Principal investigators). 1996. Environmental impacts of forestry practices on boreal forest soil organisms. p. 87 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4050 ].

Call #: 0002

Addison, Janet A.; Barber, Kevin N. 1997. Soil- and litter-dwelling invertebrates: Effects of forest harvesting and implications for sustainability and biodiversity.Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. Frontline Technical Note No. 93. 4 p. Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4050 ] ISBN 0-662-24785-X.

Call #: 0016

Addison, Janet; Dumas, Michael; Morrison, Ian; Sutherland, Brad 1996. Poster abstract:Mixing,screefing, and chemical site preparation: impacts on boreal soil and implications for vegetation control and biodiversity. p. 225 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4113 ].

Call #: 0001

Anon. Forest is Lab for Mixedwood Study. p. 3in Where Science meets Nature. The Sault Star, Saturday, November 26, 1994, Sault Ste Marie, ON.

Call #: N 0002

Anon. 1996. Boreal Mixedwoods Demonstration Area. p. 135 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4411 ].

Call #: 0002

Anon 1997. The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Forest. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. Booklet. 24 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4118 ].

Call #: 0003

Barber, Kevin N. 1996. Impacts of harvesting on carabid beetles . p. 181-185 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4050 ].

Call #: 0001

Bichon, Ryan 1996. Poster abstract: Impact of spruce budworm on conifer regeneration. p. 225 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4040].

Call #: 0001

Callaghan, D. (compiler) 1996. Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 160 p.

Call #: 0002

Cameron, D. Allan 1996. Poster abstract: Demonstration Forests: The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Forest. p. 223in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0001

Cormier, D. 1994. Evaluating changes of microsite properties effected by high-speed mixing site preparation methods. Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC), Pointe-Claire, PQ. File report. 14 p.

Note: [NODA/NFP Project 4025].

Call #: 0008

Cormier, D. (Principal investigator). 1996. Evaluating changes to physical microsite properties effected by high-speed mixing site preparation methods. p. 82 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4013 ].

Call #: 0002

Dain, J. 1997. An Evaluation of The Fire Behaviour Prediction Models used in Predicting the Fire Behaviour on an Experimental Prescribed Burn. Honours B.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Forestry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Gingras, J.-F. 1994. Partial cutting in boreal mixedwoods: Comparison of productivity and site impacts with different harvesting systems. Summary of productivity, soil disturbance and damage results. Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC), Pointe-Claire, PQ. File report. 19 p.

Note: [NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0020

Gingras, Jean-François 1995. Partial cutting in boreal mixedwoods: a comparison of productivity and site impacts with different harvesting systems. Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC), Pointe-Claire, PQ. FERIC Field Note: Partial Cutting-4. 2 p.

Note: Summary of FERIC Internal Report IR-1994-09-07 [NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0019

Gingras, Jean-François 1996. Partial cutting in boreal mixedwoods: comparison of productivity and site impacts with three harvesting systems. p. 121-124 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0001

Gooding, T.; Van Damme, L. 1996. Computer simulation comparisons between an ecosystem management strategy and clear-cutting with artificial regeneration for a forest in Northwestern Ontario.Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. NODA Note No. 25. 6 p.

Note: [NODA/NFP Project No. 4218].

Call #: 0014

Groot, A. (Principal investigator). 1996. Small forest openings to promote the establishment and growth of white spruce in boreal mixedwood stands. p. 32 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4039 ].

Call #: 0002

Groot, A.; Carlson, D. W.; Fleming, R. L.; Wood, J. E. 1997. Small openings in trembling aspen forest: Microclimate and regeneration of white spruce and trembling aspen. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-47. 25 p.

Note: [NODA/NFP Project 4039] ISBN 0-662-25461-9.

Call #: 0006

Groot, Arthur; Carlson, D. W.; Wood, J. E. 1996. Microclimatic influences of small forest openings on white spruce and trembling aspen regeneration. p. 106-109 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4039 ].

Call #: 0001

Groot, Arthur; Carlson, Derek W. 1996. Influence of shelter on night temperatures, frost damage, and bud break of white spruce seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26(9): 1531-1538

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4039 ].

Call #: 0009

Guy, Raymond 1996. The impact of forestry practices on amphibian populations. p. 178-180 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ Green Plan ].

Call #: 0001

Hu, Duan. 1995. Soil respiration following alternative site preparation treatments in a boreal mixedwood forest. Lakehead University, Department of Biology, Thunder Bay, ON. M.Sc. thesis. 77 p.

Note: [ Green Plan ].

Call #: LIB SD/390/H8

Hutchinson, Carrie L.; Rodgers, Arthur R. 1996. Influence of environmentally considerate silviculture on small mammal communities at cut edges in an Ontario boreal mixedwood forest. p. 173-177in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4049 ] .

Call #: 0001

Hutchison, Carrie-Lee. 1997. The impact of alternative harvesting practices on the small mammal community in an Ontario boreal mixedwood forest. Lakehead University, School of Forestry, Thunder Bay, ON. M.Sc.F. thesis. 142 p.

Note: [NODA/NFP Project 4049].

Call #: 0018

Johnston, M. and Elliott, J. 1998. The effect of fire severity on ash, plant and soil nutrient levels following experimental burning in a boreal mixedwood stand. Canadian Journal of Soil Science (in press).

Johnston, M. 1997. Impacts of Disturbance on Boreal Mixedwoods: The Black Sturgeon Mixedwood Ecology Project. Presentation at Manitoba Model Forest Symposium "Emulation of Natural Disturbance and Forest Management", 28 October, 1997, Winnipeg, MB.

Johnston, M. Kayll, J., and Towill, B. 1997. The Black Sturgeon Fire Ecology Project. Poster presented at the 2nd International Wildland Fire Conference, 24-29 May, 1997, Vancouver, BC.

Johnston, M. and Elliott, J. 1997. The effect of fire severity on ash and soil nutrient levels following experimental burning in a boreal mixedwood stand. Oral presentation at "Sustainable Site Productivity in Canadian Forests: Ecosystem Processes Affected by Disturbance and Recovery", conference sponsored by Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 18-20 February, 1997, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Leblanc, Jean-Denis 1996. Regeneration following the use of different harvesting systems in boreal mixedwood stands. p. 170-171 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4038 ] .

Call #: 0001

MacDonald, Darren. Industry and science working together on forestry program. p. 1, 6 in The Nipigon-Red Rock Gazette, Tuesday, August 31, 1993, Nipigon, ON.

Call #: N0001

McLaughlin, J. A.; Dumas, M. T. 1996. Pathological implications of partial cutting in boreal mixedwood stands . p. 167-169 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4024 ] .

Call #: 0001

Meating, J. H. (Principal investigator). 1996. Development of aerial survey methodology for the evaluation of balsam fir and white spruce in stands affected by the eastern spruce budworm. p. 63 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/ NFP Project 4027 ].

Call #: 0002

Nealis, V. G.; Ortiz, D. A. 1996. Spruce budworm and forest dynamics in a boreal mixedwood stand. p. 77-80 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Call #: 0001

Porter, S. 1997. Initial Post-Fire Revegetation In A Boreal Mixedwood Forest Of Northwestern Ontario. Honours B.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Forestry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario

Qi, Meiqin; Scarratt, J. B. 1996. Poster abstract: Effects of harvest method on seed bank dynamics in boreal mixedwood forest. p. 233 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0001

Sanders, C. J. (Principal investigator). 1996. Impacts of spruce budworm and budworm spraying on succession in boreal mixedwood forest. p. 99 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4040 ].

Call #: 0002

Scarratt, J. B. (Principal investigator). 1996. Partial cutting in boreal mixedwoods: Evaluation of harvesting operations, site disturbance, and damage to residual trees and advance growth. p. 29-31in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0002

Scarratt, J. B. 1996. Poster abstract: The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project. p. 224 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [Includes NODA/NFP Projects 4038, ].

Call #: 0001

Scarratt, J. B. (Principal investigator). 1996. The use of alternate harvesting and silvicultural systems in boreal mixedwoods- Review and synthesis of information. p. 43 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [NODA/NFP Project 4111 ].

Call #: 0002

Scarratt, John B. 1996. The other side of the cost equation: ecosystem response to alternative silvicultural systems in boreal mixedwoods. p. E7-E10 in Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Woodlands Section, 77th Annual Meeting. Montreal, Quebec, March 24-27, 1996. C.P.P.A., Montreal, PQ.

Note: [NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0017

Scarratt, John B. 1996. Response to disturbance in boreal mixedwood ecosystems: The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. NODA Note No. 19. 6 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0013

Scarratt, John B.; Johnston, Mark; Sutherland, Bradford J. 1996. The Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project: ecosystem research in support of integrated resource management . p. 202-207in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4038 ].

Call #: 0001

1996. C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Call #: 0001

Smith, Guy. 1995. Charting the unknown: Avenor's boreal alternative. Canadian Forest Industries April/May, 1995: 41-44

Note: Mixed-wood Logging Avenor's Black Sturgeon trial.

Call #: 0011

Sutherland, B. (Principal investigator). 1996. Assessment of current and alternate site preparation methods: Environmental impacts on forest soil and implications for vegetation control and biodiversity. p. 83 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4025 ].

Call #: 0002

Sutherland, B. J. 1996. Principles and impacts of site preparation in boreal mixedwoods . p. 163-166 in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP project 4025 ] [ Green Plan ].

Call #: 0001

Sutherland, B. J.; Foreman, F. F. 1995. Biological factors used to select mechanical site preparation equipment. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. Frontline Technical Note No. 35. 4 p.

Note: ISBN 0-662-22902-9.

Call #: 0015

Sutherland, B. J.; Foreman, F. F. 1995. Guide to the use of mechanical site preparation equipment in Northwestern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 186 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4113 ] ISBN 0-662-23069-8.

Call #: 0007

Sutherland, B. J.; Foreman, F. F. (Principal investigators). 1996. Publication of " Guide to the Application of Mechanical Site Preparation Equipment in Northwestern Ontario". p. 44in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4113 ].

Call #: 0002

Sutherland, B. J.; Foreman, F. F. 1996. Site preparation affects soil quality and seedling survival in Ontario. Canadian Silviculture Magazine 4(4): 15-23

Note: This article is excerpted from the Guide to the Use of Mechanical Site Preparation Equipment in Northwestern Ontario. [NODA/NFP Project 4113 ].

Call #: 0010

Sutherland, Brad. 1995. Site preparation in partially cut versus clearcut boreal mixedwoods. FERIC Silvicultural Operations Newsletter 8(2): 7

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4025 ] [Green Plan ].

Call #: 0012

Sutherland, Brad 1996. Poster abstract: Principles and impacts of site preparation in boreal mixedwoods. p. 235in C. Rodney Smith, Gregory W. Crook (compilers), Proceedings: Advancing Boreal Mixedwood Management in Ontario. Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, October 17-19, 1995. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON. 239 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Projects 4013,4025 ] [Green Plan ].

Call #: 0001

Temple, P. 1997. A comparison of Actual and Predicted Fire Intensities for a Prescribed Burn in Northwestern Ontario. Honours B.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Forestry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Wedeles, C. (Principal investigator). 1996. Effects of alternate silvicultural practices on wildlife. p. 49 in D. Callaghan (compiler), Northern Ontario Development Agreement (N O D A) Northern Forestry Program: Status Report On Projects. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. 160 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4124 ].

Call #: 0002

Wedeles, C. H. R.; Van Damme, L. 1995. Effects of clear-cutting and alternative silvicultural systems on wildlife in Ontario's boreal mixedwoods. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie,ON. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-19. 56 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4124 ] ISBN 0-662-23696-3.

Call #: 0005

Wedeles, C. H. R.; Van Damme, L.; Daniel, C. J.; Sully, L. 1995. Alternative silvicultural systems for Ontario's boreal mixedwoods: A review of potential options. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie,ON. NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-18. 61 p.

Note: [ NODA/NFP Project 4111 ] ISBN 0-662-23695-5.

Call #: 0004