|  |
Improving Energy Performance in Canada – Report to Parliament Under the Energy Efficiency Act - 2003-2004
Appendix 2: Data Presented in Report
The aggregate energy use data presented in this report are taken from Statistics Canada's Report on Energy Supply-Demand in Canada (RESD). Differences exist between this report and Canada's Emissions Outlook: An Update (CEO Update) concerning the sector allocations of RESD energy use data. The CEO Update's sector allocation is based on Environment Canada's Trends in Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990-1997, whereas this report uses a definition better suited for the purpose of energy end-use analysis. Some modifications to the original Statistics Canada data were required and are documented in Appendix B of NRCan's Energy Use Data Handbook, 1990 and 1995 to 2002.
FIGURE 2-1: Canada: Changes in Energy Intensity and the Energy Efficiency Effect, 1990 to 2002
| |
Intensity Index |
Index of Energy Efficiency Effect |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.00 |
0.98 |
| 1992 |
1.00 |
0.97 |
| 1993 |
1.00 |
0.95 |
| 1994 |
0.99 |
0.94 |
| 1995 |
0.98 |
0.92 |
| 1996 |
1.00 |
0.94 |
| 1997 |
0.96 |
0.91 |
| 1998 |
0.91 |
0.90 |
| 1999 |
0.89 |
0.89 |
| 2000 |
0.87 |
0.88 |
| 2001 |
0.84 |
0.87 |
| 2002 |
0.84 |
0.87 |
|
FIGURE 2-2: Secondary Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2002
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.00 |
0.98 |
| 1992 |
1.02 |
1.00 |
| 1993 |
1.07 |
1.01 |
| 1994 |
1.11 |
1.05 |
| 1995 |
1.15 |
1.07 |
| 1996 |
1.17 |
1.11 |
| 1997 |
1.20 |
1.11 |
| 1998 |
1.19 |
1.09 |
| 1999 |
1.24 |
1.12 |
| 2000 |
1.29 |
1.17 |
| 2001 |
1.27 |
1.14 |
| 2002 |
1.31 |
1.18 |
|
FIGURE 2-3: Electricity Production From Renewable Sources
| Year |
Gigawatt hours |
| 1991 |
3649 |
| 1992 |
4134 |
| 1993 |
4477 |
| 1994 |
5362 |
| 1995 |
5422 |
| 1996 |
5855 |
| 1997 |
6419 |
| 1998 |
6599 |
| 1999 |
7372 |
| 2000 |
7418 |
| 2001 |
7512 |
|
FIGURE 4-1: Canadian Households by Type of Dwelling, 2002
| |
Number of households |
Percentage |
| Single detached |
6 761 278 |
56 |
| Apartments |
3 753 855 |
31 |
| Single attached |
1 248 738 |
10 |
| Mobile homes |
257 138 |
2 |
| |
|
|
| Total |
12 021 009 |
|
|
FIGURE 4-2: Residential Energy Use by Purpose, 2002
| |
Energy Use
(petajoules) |
Percentage |
| Space heating |
830.8 |
59 |
| Water heating |
303.4 |
22 |
| Appliances |
181.5 |
13 |
| Lighting |
61.5 |
4 |
| Space cooling |
22.1 |
2 |
| Total |
1399.4 |
|
|
FIGURE 4-3: Residential Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2002
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.04 |
0.98 |
| 1992 |
1.10 |
1.01 |
| 1993 |
1.14 |
1.04 |
| 1994 |
1.15 |
1.07 |
| 1995 |
1.17 |
1.05 |
| 1996 |
1.23 |
1.13 |
| 1997 |
1.21 |
1.08 |
| 1998 |
1.13 |
0.99 |
| 1999 |
1.18 |
1.03 |
| 2000 |
1.25 |
1.08 |
| 2001 |
1.22 |
1.04 |
| 2002 |
1.28 |
1.09 |
|
FIGURE 4-4: EnerGuide Rating for Houses Annual Heating Consumption for Houses Constructed to Different Standards
| Description |
EnerGuide for Houses Annual Heating Consumption (MJ) |
| Typical house built to R-2000 Standard |
78 747 |
| House built to Model National Energy Code (2002) |
112 101 |
| Typical new house (2002) |
146 274 |
| Typical existing house (1970) |
216 812 |
|
FIGURE 4-5: Average Energy Consumption per Household, Pre-1946 to 2000-2004
| Year built |
Average Energy Consumption (GJ) |
EGH Rating |
| Pre-1946 |
295 |
45 |
| 1946-1960 |
220 |
58 |
| 1961-1970 |
211 |
61 |
| 1971-1980 |
202 |
63 |
| 1981-1990 |
191 |
66 |
| 1991-2000 |
167 |
70 |
| 2001-2004 |
156 |
73 |
| All EGH in Canada |
216 |
60 |
| R-2000 |
100 |
82 |
|
FIGURE 4-6: Number of Eligible R-2000 Housing Starts, 1990 to 2003
| |
Number of R-2000 Houses |
| 1990 |
495 |
| 1991 |
699 |
| 1992 |
1196 |
| 1993 |
1299 |
| 1994 |
783 |
| 1995 |
611 |
| 1996 |
416 |
| 1997 |
484 |
| 1998 |
265 |
| 1999 |
213 |
| 2000 |
316 |
| 2001 |
320 |
| 2002 |
419 |
| 2003 |
378 |
|
FIGURE 4-7: National Trends in Air Leakage (R-2000 and EnerGuide for Houses), Pre-1945 to 2000-2004
| Year Built |
First EGH
Evaluation (A) |
Post-Retrofit
Evaluation (B) |
R-2000 |
| Pre-1945 |
12 |
9 |
n.a. |
| 1945-1959 |
9 |
7 |
n.a. |
| 1960-1969 |
7 |
6 |
n.a. |
| 1970-1979 |
7 |
6 |
n.a. |
| 1980-1989 |
6 |
6 |
0.9 |
| 1990-1999 |
4 |
4 |
1.1 |
| 2000-2004 |
3 |
3 |
1.1 |
| Average |
8 |
7 |
1.1 |
FIGURE 4-8: Evaluations Under EnerGuide for Houses, 1998-1999 to 2003-2004
| Year of EGH evaluation |
1998-1999 |
1999-2000 |
2000-2001 |
2001-2002 |
2002-2003 |
2003-2004 |
| Houses evaluated but not re-evaluated (A evaluation) |
3675 |
9111 |
11 510 |
11 088 |
16 564 |
48 260 |
| Houses evaluated and retrofitted (B evaluation) |
832 |
226 |
607 |
709 |
1153 |
2724 |
|
FIGURE 4-9: Residential Energy Use and Energy Savings per Household*, Pre-1945 to 2000-2004
| |
Pre-
1945 |
1945-
1959 |
1960-
1969 |
1970-
1979 |
1980-
1989 |
1990-
1999 |
2000-
2004 |
Average |
| Energy use pre-evaluation |
295 |
220 |
211 |
202 |
191 |
167 |
156 |
216 |
| Evaluation-identified energy savings |
122 |
83 |
74 |
67 |
54 |
29 |
19 |
74 |
| Actual energy savings after renovations |
75 |
52 |
46 |
45 |
40 |
33 |
35 |
51 |
|
* Gigajoules
FIGURE 4-10: Eighth Amendment: Estimated Reductions in CO2 Emissions, 2005 to 2020
| |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
2020 |
| Residential GHG Savings (Mt) |
0.17 |
1.22 |
2.46 |
3.44 |
|
FIGURE 4-12: Average Energy Consumption of New Appliances, 1990 and 2002 Models
| |
1990 |
2002 |
| Clothes washers |
1218 |
779.24 |
| Clothes dryers |
1103 |
915.62 |
| Refrigerators |
956 |
506.27 |
| Dishwashers |
1026 |
592.04 |
| Ranges |
772 |
755.98 |
| Freezers |
714 |
367.66 |
|
FIGURE 4-14: Impact of EnerGuide Labelling: Total Energy Savings and GHG Emissions Reductions Attributable to the EnerGuide for Equipment Program, 1990 to 2000
| Year |
Total energy savings (GWh) |
GHG reductions
(kt C02e) |
| 1990 |
16.4 |
8.9 |
| 1991 |
21.7 |
11.8 |
| 1992 |
40.1 |
21.7 |
| 1993 |
41.9 |
22.6 |
| 1994 |
43.2 |
23.4 |
| 1995 |
40.3 |
21.8 |
| 1996 |
43.7 |
23.7 |
| 1997 |
46.7 |
25.3 |
| 1998 |
62.4 |
33.8 |
| 1999 |
83.8 |
45.4 |
| 2000 |
91.1 |
49.3 |
| Cumulative Annual |
531.3 |
287.7 |
|
FIGURE 5-1: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use by Building Type*, 2002
| |
Energy Use |
Percentage |
| Office |
382.2 |
34 |
| Retail organization |
237.1 |
21 |
| Health care institution |
104.6 |
9 |
| Hotel and restaurant |
85.9 |
8 |
| School |
95.3 |
8 |
| Recreational facility |
70.5 |
6 |
| Warehouse |
70.2 |
6 |
| Other institution |
60.4 |
5 |
| Religious institution |
16.1 |
1 |
| Total |
1 122.3 |
|
|
* Excludes street lighting
FIGURE 5-2: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use by Purpose*, 2002
| End Use |
Energy use |
Percentage |
| Space heating |
604.59 |
54 |
| Lighting |
150.98 |
13 |
| Auxiliary motor |
122.12 |
11 |
| Auxiliary equipment |
99.65 |
9 |
| Water heating |
78.27 |
7 |
| Space cooling |
66.73 |
6 |
| Total |
1122.34 |
|
|
* Excludes street lighting
FIGURE 5-3: Commercial/Institutional Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2002
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.05 |
1.03 |
| 1992 |
1.09 |
1.04 |
| 1993 |
1.13 |
1.08 |
| 1994 |
1.14 |
1.07 |
| 1995 |
1.16 |
1.11 |
| 1996 |
1.19 |
1.13 |
| 1997 |
1.19 |
1.15 |
| 1998 |
1.15 |
1.09 |
| 1999 |
1.20 |
1.13 |
| 2000 |
1.29 |
1.24 |
| 2001 |
1.29 |
1.22 |
| 2002 |
1.38 |
1.30 |
|
FIGURE 5-4: Energy Use in Commercial Buildings, 2000
| |
Megajoules per m2 per year |
| All buildings** |
1590 |
| New buildings*,** |
1330 |
| Model National Energy Code |
1460 |
| CBIP target |
950 |
| C-2000 projects |
730 |
|
* 1990-1999
** Source: Commercial and Institutional Building Energy Use Survey, 2000. Estimates relate only to the surveyed area of populations over 175 000, and in Atlantic Canada to populations over 50 000.
FIGURE 5-5: Estimated Average GHG Reductions by Institution Under CBIP, 2003 to 2004
| Building type |
Number |
Annual GHG Savings* (tonnes/year) |
Average GHG Savings (tonnes/year) 2004 |
| Education |
121 |
33 106 |
321 |
| Health |
57 |
12 252 |
272 |
| Retail |
36 |
6 735 |
217 |
| Office |
74 |
11 159 |
151 |
| Multi-unit residential building |
23 |
2 882 |
152 |
| Other |
61 |
11 681 |
225 |
| Total |
372 |
77 814 |
|
|
* For average size building
FIGURE 5-6: Energy Innovators Initiative – Incentive Projects, 1998 to 2004
| |
Millions of dollars |
| Federal incentive |
30.5 |
| Client investment |
561.0 |
| Annual energy cost savings |
80.0 |
|
FIGURE 5-7: Eighth Amendment: Estimated Reduction in CO2 Emissions, 2005 to 2020
| |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
2020 |
| Commercial CO2 Savings (Mt) |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.12 |
0.17 |
|
FIGURE 6-1: Industrial Energy Use by Sub-sector, 2002
| |
Percent of Industrial Energy Use |
| Forestry |
0.5 |
| Construction |
1.7 |
| Cement |
2.1 |
| Chemicals |
6.5 |
| Iron and steel |
7.5 |
| Smelting and refining |
8.1 |
| Petroleum refining |
11.5 |
| Mining |
17.7 |
| Other manufacturing |
17.8 |
| Pulp and paper |
26.7 |
|
FIGURE 6-2: Cost of Energy to Manufacturing Industries as a Percentage of Total Production Cost, 2002
| Industry |
Energy Cost/Total Production Cost |
| Cement |
39.09 |
| Chemicals |
14.08 |
| Pulp and paper |
17.75 |
| Aluminum |
11.77 |
| Iron and steel |
11.91 |
| Petroleum refining |
2.02 |
| Transportation equipment manufacturing |
0.81 |
|
FIGURE 6-3: Industrial Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2002
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1995 |
1.15 |
1.07 |
| 1996 |
1.16 |
1.10 |
| 1997 |
1.20 |
1.10 |
| 1998 |
1.20 |
1.08 |
| 1999 |
1.25 |
1.12 |
| 2000 |
1.30 |
1.15 |
| 2001 |
1.27 |
1.10 |
| 2002 |
1.31 |
1.17 |
|
FIGURE 6-4: CIPEC Energy Intensity Index, 1990-2002
| |
Energy Intensity Index |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.05 |
| 1992 |
1.08 |
| 1993 |
1.06 |
| 1994 |
1.06 |
| 1995 |
1.04 |
| 1996 |
1.03 |
| 1997 |
0.98 |
| 1998 |
0.96 |
| 1999 |
0.95 |
| 2000 |
0.92 |
| 2001 |
0.91 |
| 2002 |
0.92 |
|
FIGURE 6-5: Industrial Energy Innovators, 1995-1996 to 2003-2004
| |
Number of Industrial Energy Innovators |
| 1995-1996 |
176 |
| 1996-1997 |
203 |
| 1997-1998 |
208 |
| 1998-1999 |
212 |
| 1999-2000 |
227 |
| 2000-2001 |
280 |
| 2001-2002 |
305 |
| 2002-2003 |
382 |
| 2003-2004 |
529 |
|
FIGURE 7-1: Transportation Energy Use by Mode, 2002
| |
Energy Use |
Percent |
| Passenger light vehicle |
1037.4 |
45 |
| Freight truck |
711.5 |
31 |
| Passenger aviation |
214.4 |
9 |
| Freight marine |
110.5 |
5 |
| Off-road |
91.3 |
4 |
| Freight rail |
71.4 |
3 |
| Passenger bus |
53.2 |
2 |
| Freight aviation |
13.7 |
1 |
| Passenger rail |
2.6 |
0 |
| Total* |
2306 |
|
|
* Totals doe not add due to rounding.
FIGURE 7-2: Transportation Energy Use, Actual and Without Energy Efficiency Improvements, 1990 to 2002
| |
Estimated energy use without energy efficiency improvements |
Actual energy use |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
0.97 |
0.96 |
| 1992 |
0.99 |
0.99 |
| 1993 |
1.03 |
1.00 |
| 1994 |
1.10 |
1.05 |
| 1995 |
1.13 |
1.07 |
| 1996 |
1.15 |
1.09 |
| 1997 |
1.20 |
1.13 |
| 1998 |
1.24 |
1.17 |
| 1999 |
1.28 |
1.20 |
| 2000 |
1.30 |
1.22 |
| 2001 |
1.30 |
1.21 |
| 2002 |
1.32 |
1.23 |
|
FIGURE 7-3: Market Shares of New Passenger Car and Light Truck Sales, 1990 to 2002
| |
Passenger car |
Passenger light truck |
| 1990 |
72.9 |
27.1 |
| 1992 |
71.7 |
28.3 |
| 1994 |
66.6 |
33.4 |
| 1996 |
62.1 |
37.9 |
| 1998 |
58.4 |
41.6 |
| 2000 |
61.6 |
38.4 |
| 2002 |
63.2 |
36.8 |
|
FIGURE 7-4: New Car Fuel Efficiency, Normalized for Weight and Power, 1990 to 2001
| Index 1990=1 |
L/100 km |
L/100 km/kg |
L/100 km/hp |
| 1990 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1991 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.98 |
| 1992 |
1.01 |
1.01 |
0.95 |
| 1993 |
0.99 |
0.99 |
0.93 |
| 1994 |
1.00 |
0.96 |
0.91 |
| 1995 |
0.99 |
0.91 |
0.85 |
| 1996 |
0.97 |
0.92 |
0.82 |
| 1997 |
0.98 |
0.93 |
0.82 |
| 1998 |
0.96 |
0.92 |
0.79 |
| 1999 |
0.99 |
0.91 |
0.79 |
| 2000 |
0.97 |
0.90 |
0.76 |
| 2001 |
0.96 |
0.89 |
0.75 |
|
FIGURE 7-6: Company Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC) vs. Canadian Voluntary Standards, 1990 to 2003
| Truck Model Year |
Truck Standard (11.4 L/100 km) |
Trucks CAFC |
Car Standard (8.6 L/100 km) |
Cars CAFC |
| 1990 |
11.8 |
11.4 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
| 1991 |
11.6 |
11.1 |
8.6 |
8.0 |
| 1992 |
11.6 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
8.1 |
| 1993 |
11.5 |
11.1 |
8.6 |
8.1 |
| 1994 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
| 1995 |
11.4 |
11.5 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 1996 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 1997 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
8.0 |
| 1998 |
11.4 |
11.4 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 1999 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
| 2000 |
11.4 |
11.1 |
8.6 |
7.7 |
| 2001 |
11.4 |
11.0 |
8.6 |
7.7 |
| 2002 |
11.4 |
11.1 |
8.6 |
7.8 |
| 2003 |
11.4 |
10.7 |
8.6 |
7.6 |
|
FIGURE 7-7: Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Awareness – EnerGuide Labels
| Year |
1999 |
2001 |
| New vehicles on lot with EnerGuide label (%) |
64 |
77 |
| New vehicles in showroom with EnerGuide label (%) |
47 |
56 |
|
FIGURE 7-8: Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Awareness – Auto$mart
| Year |
1998 |
2002 |
| Recollection of information on how to reduce vehicle fuel consumption (general public) (%) |
30 |
36 |
| Awareness of program activities (general public) (%) |
9 |
16 |
|
FIGURE 7-9: Number of New Drivers Educated Using the Auto$mart Student Driving Kit, 1997-1998 to 2003-2004
| Years |
Number of new drivers educated |
| 1997-1998 |
92 700 |
| 1998-1999 |
105 975 |
| 1999-2000 |
120 600 |
| 2000-2001 |
147 150 |
| 2001-2002 |
171 225 |
| 2002-2003 |
204 975 |
| 2003-2004 |
185 638 |
|
FIGURE 7-11: Drivers Trained and Participation in the Fleet Vehicle Program, 1997 to 2004
| |
Drivers Trained |
FVP Members |
| 1997-1999 |
51 000 |
946 |
| 1999-2000 |
53 000 |
1068 |
| 2000-2001 |
112 846 |
1643 |
| 2001-2002 |
125 000 |
2707 |
| 2002-2003 |
149 000 |
2805 |
| 2003-2004 |
160 000 |
3267 |
|
FIGURE 8-1: Canadian Wind Power Capacity, 1990 to 2003
| Year |
Wind Power Capacity (MW) |
| 1990 |
0 |
| 1991 |
0 |
| 1992 |
0 |
| 1993 |
19 |
| 1994 |
19 |
| 1995 |
20 |
| 1996 |
20 |
| 1997 |
21 |
| 1998 |
24 |
| 1999 |
124 |
| 2000 |
137 |
| 2001 |
214 |
| 2002 |
230 |
| 2003 |
327 |
|
FIGURE 9-1: GHG Emissions Reductions From Federal Operations, 1990-1991 to 2010-2011
| |
GHG Emissions |
| 1990 |
3925 |
| 1998 |
3164 |
| 2000 |
3044 |
| 2001 |
2973 |
| 2002 |
2971 |
| 2010 Target |
2724 |
|
FIGURE 9-2: Annual Energy Savings From the FIBP, 1991-1992 to 2002-2003
| |
Annual additions |
Annual (cumulative) |
| 1991-1992 |
20 |
20 |
| 1992-1993 |
50 |
70 |
| 1993-1994 |
40 |
110 |
| 1994-1995 |
70 |
180 |
| 1995-1996 |
90 |
270 |
| 1996-1997 |
80 |
350 |
| 1997-1998 |
77 |
4270 |
| 1998-1999 |
77 |
504 |
| 1999-2000 |
93 |
597 |
| 2000-2001 |
103 |
700 |
| 2001-2002 |
112 |
812 |
| 2002-2003 |
117 |
929 |
|
FIGURE 9-3: Federal Fleet Size and Fuel Consumption, 1995-1996 to 2002-2003
| |
1995-1996 |
1997-1998 |
1999-2000 |
2001-2002 |
2002-2003 |
| Vehicles |
24 854 |
22 796 |
22 462 |
23 313 |
26 233 |
| Litres of gasoline equivalent (thousands) |
88 725 |
75 684 |
78 281 |
63 300 |
68 619 |
|
FIGURE 9-4: Purchases of Alternative Fuel Vehicles for the Federal Fleet, 1997-1998 to 2003-2004
| |
1997-
1998 |
1998-
1999 |
1999-
2000 |
2000-
2001 |
2001-
2002 |
2002-
2003 |
2003-
2004 |
| Annual purchases |
131 |
161 |
181 |
180 |
126 |
489 |
293 |
|
|
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