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Exotic insect interceptions from wooden dunnage and packing material[ Abstract | The Issue | Insects Recovered from Dunnage | Wire Rope Spools | Coleoptera Recovered | Anoplophora glabripennis in Canada | Contact ] Exotic Forest Pest
Advisory - No. 1 :An Asian Long-Horned Beetle
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Species Intercepted | Origin | Life Stage(s) Intercepted | Commodity | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sinoxylon spp. (anale, conigerum, pugnax) | [Col.: Anobiidae] | India | dead adults, tunneling | Granite Tiles |
Lyctinae | [Col.: Lyctidae] | India | dead adults, tunneling | Granite Tiles |
Hylastes ater | [Col.: Scolytidae] | Spain | dead adults under bark | Ceramic Tile |
Hylurgops palliatus | [Col.: Scolytidae] | Switzerland | dead adults, live larva under bark | Metal Flanges |
Ips typographus | [Col.: Scolytidae] | Italy | dead adults under bark | Metal valves |
Ips cembrae | [Col.: Scolytidae] | China | dead adults under bark | Iron Castings |
Ips stebbingi | [Col.: Scolytidae] | China | dead adults under bark | Stone blocks |
Orthotomicus angulatus | [Col.: Scolytidae] | China | live pupae and adults under bark | Stone sculptures |
Pissodes sp. | [Col.: Curculionida e] | China | dead adult under bark | Stone sculptures |
Lagocheirus sp. | [Col.: Cerambycida e] | Costa Rica | dead larva under bark | Lumber |
Anoplophora glabripennis | [Col.: Cerambycida e] | China | live adult in warehouse | Wire Rope |
Monochamus alternatus | [Col.: Cerambycida e] | China | live adults in warehouse | Wire Rope |
Rhagium inquisitor | [Col.: Cerambycida e] | China | live adult reared from larva | Stone blocks |
Urocerus gigas gigas | [Hym.: Siricidae] | Switzerland | live adult | Metal flanges |
Sirex rufiabdominis | [Hym.: Siricidae] | China | live adults | Arts and crafts |
Lymantriinae, unidentified species | [Lep.: Lymantriidae ] | China | emerged pupa in tunnel | Stone blocks |
Pipe from China | Pipe from Europe |
Landscape stone from China | Granite from Italy and Brazil |
Ongoing research has demonstrated that the wood used in the construction of spools or reels on which steel cable or 'wire rope' is transported poses a significant risk for the introduction of non-indigenous species.
In a recent study carried out by the Canadian Forest Service, 92 spools originating from China, Korea,and Malaysia were disassembled and examined for bark and insect activity. Some patterns evident in the examinations completed to date follow.
Spools with insect galleries | 82% |
Spools with live or dead insects | 20% |
Spools with live insects | 14% |
Spools using wood with bark present | 90% |
Chinese spools with insects | 41% |
Live beetle larvae were commonly found in the inner layers of the wooden spools. Larvae recovered from wire rope spools are being reared under quarantine. Canadian regulations specify that dunnage must be free of bark. Our investigation showed that most spools were constructed of wood with unacceptable levels of bark and that the bark was usually "hidden" in the inner layers of the spool. The average volume of wood used in the construction of a single spool is 0.11 m3 or 46 board feet. Some spools consist of as much as 0.25 m3 (105 bd ft) of wood.
*… Indicates the recovery of multiple live larvae and/or adults.
The Asian Long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) is recognized as the most destructive pest of Populus in China. In September 1996, it was discovered in Brooklyn, NY. Hundreds of trees have been infested and removed. The beetle poses a serious threat to the entire eastern hardwood forest.
In 1997, Anoplophora was intercepted from wooden spools and other packing materials imported into British Columbia, Ontario, California, North Carolina, Ohio, Washington, Michigan, and New York
Larva
Pupa
Anoplophora interceptions in North America |
Anoplophora threatens many hardwood tree species; both live and dead trees.
Host species native to the Pacific Northwest include:
Populus spp.
Alnus ruba
Acer macrophyllum
Arbutus menziesii
Although adults have been intercepted in British Columbia and Ontario, Anoplophora does not yet seem to have become established in Canadian forests. Efforts are underway by the Canadian Forest Service and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to determine the magnitude of the Canadian situation and to provide advice in the development of policies to minimize threat.
E.A. Allen, Research Scientist,
Forest Health Network, eallen@pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca
Canadian Forest Service
Pacific Forestry Centre
506 West Burnside Road
Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 Canada