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Products and Services This glossary defines a set of terms related to knowledge management. Although neither exhaustive nor definitive, the definitions are useful for developing a common understanding of the subject, an essential precursor to discussion. Each term is restricted to a single meaning relevant to knowledge management. Directions to related, sequential, or contrasting terms are also provided. Note: The corresponding french term is provided in italics at the end of each definition.
Acquisition: accessing one or more remote sites and retrieving digital content; see also dissemination. Acquisition Add-ons: viewers, players, and other multimedia additions to Web client software. Extension Agent: a system that searches for available information and filters incoming information based on specified characteristics; see also knowbot. Agent AI: artificial intelligence. Intelligence artificielle Algorithm: a set of instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task; see also model, computer program. Algorithme Analog data: data that are represented by continuously variable physical quantities, such as electrical signal strength; see also digital data. Données analogiques Artificial intelligence (AI): the use of computer algorithms, models, and systems to emulate human perception, cognition, and reasoning; see also competitive intelligence, expert system, intelligence. Intelligence artificielle Asynchronous: the transmission and receipt of a message do not occur simultaneously; thus this does not require a dedicated link between two points; see also synchronous. Asynchrone Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): technology that divides digital streams into packets of 48 bytes with 5 associated control bytes, moves each packet through the Internet towards its final destination, and reassembles the original digital stream. Mode de tranfert asynchrone ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Audio data: data that can be interpreted by audio processors to yield spoken language, music, or meaningful sounds; see also graphic data, numeric data, text data. Données sonores Autonomous database: a database comprising data sets that are independently controlled and managed; see also distributed database. Base de données autonome
b: bit. B: byte. Backbone: the primary national transmission system; see also CANARIE, trunk line. Dorsale Bandwidth: the amount of information that can be moved through a circuit in one second; see also baud. Bande passante Baud: a unit of measure for communication speed; equivalent to the number of bits transmitted per second. Baud Binary number: a number that can only have values of 1 and 0 (on and off); see also digital data. Nombre binaire bit: a single binary number with a value of 0 or 1. bit Browse: a search for content on the Web; see also browser. Naviger Browser: a popular term for client, a system that is designed to view and navigate hypertext; see also client. Navigateur bps or b/s: bits per second. b/s Bulletin board: an electronic public forum created with software that supports multiple simultaneous callers, where participants can post and comment on messages from other participants. Babillard byte: a group of eight bits that can code 256 different characters. Octet CANARIE: Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education—the Canadian backbone. CANARIE Chat: an online group discussion via simultaneous keyboard input; see also Internet Relay Chat. Conversation Chief Information Officer: the senior executive responsible for information management and information technology at the corporate level. Agent d'information principal Chief Knowledge Officer: the senior executive responsible for knowledge management and the knowledge infrastructure at the corporate level. Agent de gestion du savoir Clickable map: see image map. Carte cliquable Client: a system that allows users to access and browse the World Wide Web and display HTML pages. Client Client server: the system software that links a client to the system. Serveur client Communication: the electronic transmission of content from one point to another; see also Information Highway. Communications Competitive intelligence: internal data, information, and knowledge about one organization acquired by another for competitive purposes; see also artificial intelligence, intelligence. Veille concurentielle Computer program: precise, unambiguous, and detailed instructions on how to complete a task, written in a language that can be interpreted by a computer; see also algorithm, system. Programme informatique Content: see knowledge content.Contenu Content value: the economic or social utility of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. Valeur du contenue Cookie: a mechanism that enables a Web server to place a unique identifier file on a user’s PC to store user registration and preference information, but the user has no control over how this information is used. Mouchard électronique Copyright: the right to copy; Canadian law grants copyright owners control over the use of their creations (or works prepared under their control) and an ability to benefit, economically and otherwise, from the exploitation of their works; see also intellectual property. Droit d'auteur Cyberspace: the collective global entity comprising all networks, computers, and communications lines where existence is virtual, in the form of electronic bits; see also matrix. Cyberspace Data: recorded, ordered symbols that carry information. Données Data acquisition: accessing one or more general databases and transferring data into a problem-specific database; see also data extraction, download. Aquisition des données Database: a group of related data sets comprising data that is independent of applications, involves complex data relationships, and is protected by data security; see also data warehouse. Base de données Database management: using systems to store and delete, organize, search, retrieve, and manage access to data in a database; see also information management, knowledge management. Gestion de base de données Data element: one measurement or observation of one attribute of a data source; see also data record. Élèment de donnée Data exploration: the preliminary search and analysis of a database to determine its potential information content. Exploration de données Data extraction: extracting a subset of a large data file; see also data acquisition, download. Extraction de données Data file: a group of related data records; see also data set. Fichier de données Data mining: searching, accessing, extracting and manipulating data in databases. Exploration en profondeur de données Data preservation: archiving data and metadata into redundant permanent storage, ensuring data integrity, and maintaining compatibility with evolving technology. Préservation de données Data processing: using computer hardware and software to manipulate data and perform calculations. Traitement de données Data record: group of related data elements; see also data file. Fiche Data set: group of related data files; see also data base. Fichier de données Data source: physical objects, states of nature, or processes that can be quantitatively measured or qualitatively described in the form of data; see also data element. Source de données Data stream: ordered sequence of data as it is being electronically transmitted; see also digital stream. Train numérique Data warehouse: interoperable group of databases, database management systems, and search engines that span multiple domains; see also horizontal integration. Dépôt de données DéchiffrementDecision-support system (DSS): a system that uses analytic tools and quantitative models to adapt information to specific decisions, produce reports, and answer queries; see also information system, management information system, executive information system, expert system, issue support. Système d'aide à la prise de décisions Decryption: decoding a digital object into the source language with a key. Décryptage Digital data: data that is represented by an ordered sequence of binary numbers; see also analog data. Données numériques Digital library: a collection of a very large number of digital objects, comprising all types of material and media, that are stored in distributed information repositories and accessed through national computer networks; see also data warehouse. Bibliothèque numérique Digital object: an ordered sequential set of bits, including a unique identifier and sufficient information to reconstitute the object; see also digital work. Objet numérique Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data (DSVD): a technology that uses phone networks to significantly increase the speed of digital communication. Voix et donées simultanées numériques Digital stream: an ordered sequence of bits as it is being transmitted; see also data stream. Train numérique Digital work: a creative work comprising ordered symbols from a discrete set that are capable of collective interpretation or behavior when processed; see also digital object. Ouvrage numérique Digitization: transforming data, information, knowledge, or physical objects from various media into digital objects. Numérisation Distributed database: a database comprising data sets that are stored in separate locations but are accessible in a single search; see also autonomous database, data warehouse. Base de données répartie Distribution: moving electronic signals from trunk lines to their final destination through a distribution network; see also dissemination, transmission. Distribution Dissemination: distributing digital content from a site to clients and stakeholders; see also acquisition. Diffusion Document: an HTML object that appears in the main window of a Web client; see also page. Document Download: to electronically access content stored at a remote location and move it to a local site; see also data acquisition, retrieval. Téléchargement Domain: the sphere of influence of an activity or process. Domaine Domain Name System (DNS): a system for identifying and locating every site on the World Wide Web. Système de nommage de domaine Internet Drill down: to access increasingly detailed data or information, starting from a high level of a hierarchical database or information base. Accés en mode descendant DSS: decision-support system. Système d'aide à la prise de décision DSVD: Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data. DSVD Editor: a program that assists in authoring HTML documents. Éditeur de texte Education: gaining explicit knowledge through formal schooling; see also skill, experience. Éducation Electronic mail (e-mail): electronic document transmitted in asynchronous mode to an electronic mailbox. Courrier électronique Enciphering: see encryption Chiffrage Encryption: encoding a digital object so that it cannot be read without a key; see also decryption, symmetrical encryption. Chiffrement Executive Information System (EIS): an information system that provides corporate information, such as financial condition, market share, and organizational performance in graphic form, with drill-down capability for detail; see also decision-support system, expert system, management information system. Système d'information de haute gestion Experience: gaining tacit knowledge by doing things and observing the consequences; see also education, skill. Expérience Expert: a person with a high level of combined education, experience, and skill; see also wisdom. Expert Expert system (ES): an information system that uses codified tacit knowledge in a knowledge base and an inference engine to solve problems that normally require significant human expertise; see also decision-support system, management information system. Système expert Explicit knowledge: knowledge that has been formally expressed and transferred; see also tacit knowledge. Connaissances explicites Firewall: a security system that protects internal areas of a computer network from external access. Pare-feu électronique File Transfer Protocol (FTP): a communication standard for exchanging files through the Internet. Protocole de transfert de fichiers Filter: a program that accepts or rejects incoming e-mail or other information based on specified sender names, sites, or subject. Filtre Form: part of an HTML document that accepts input from users. It can be used for feedback, or ordering products and services. Formulaire G: giga-; this prefix is often decimal, 1 billion (109), when referring to data transmission, and binary, 1 073 741 824 (230), when referring to data storage. G Gateway: a server that links multiple networks and that translates different network communication protocols, enabling them to exchange messages. Passerelle Geospatial data: spatial data that is registered to a specific point on the earth’s surface. Données géospatiales Gigabyte (GB): 1024 megabytes. Giga-octet Gopher: a communications protocol for finding and accessing text information through the Internet with a menu interface. Gopher Graphical user interface (GUI): the use of graphical objects (icons) on a computer screen instead of characters on a keyboard to communicate with a computer, usually involving a mouse. Interface graphique Graphic data: data that can be interpreted by graphic processors to yield visual images, animation, or video sequences; see also audio data, numeric data, text data. Données graphiques GUI: graphical user interface. GUI Home page: the designated primary entry point for a local Web site. Page d'acceil Horizontal integration: processing content (data, information, knowledge) from multiple domains in an integrated system; see also knowledge infrastructure, vertical integration. Intégration horizontale Hot spot: a hypertext region, within an HTML document that, when selected, links the user to the URL associated with the region. HTML: HyperText Markup Language. HTML HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP Hyperlink: a Web protocol that enables access and retrieval of HTML documents at any site by clicking on an active URL. Hyperlien Hypermedia: a Web protocol that enables access and retrieval of sound, graphics, and video. Hypermédia HyperText Markup Language (HTML): coding standard for creating documents that can be displayed by a Web browser. Langage hypertexte (HTML) HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP): the primary communications standard used by the World Wide Web to access and transmit documents between sites. Protocole de transfert d'hypertexte IM: information management. Image map: a graphic map with two or more embedded hyperlinks that are accessed by clicking a mouse when the pointer is positioned over a portion of the map; also known as a clickable map. Carte-image Inference engine: rule-based algorithms that interact with a knowledge base to draw conclusions about a set of inputs; see also expert system. Moteur d'inférence Information: data that has been interpreted, translated, or transformed to reveal the underlying meaning; see also data, knowledge. Information Information appliance: an interface that enables users to send and receive digital objects ( e.g., data, text, voice, graphic, movies) via the Information Highway.Prêt à tout Information asset: information viewed as property; a commodity or product with associated costs and value; see also knowledge asset. Actif informationnel Information base: database containing information (e.g. reports, documents, interpreted data); see also information repository, knowledge base. Base d'information Information Highway: the infrastructure that will enable cost-efficient digital transmission of and access to all forms of content and media through a single information appliance. Autoroute de l'information Information management (IM): integrating information standards, processes, systems, and technology to enable the exchange of information among providers and users in order to support the management objectives of an organization; see also database management, knowledge management. Gestion de l'information Information overload: excess information beyond that desired or needed by a user that requires nonproductive processing. Avalanche d'information Information repository: an electronic database that contains documents or other digital objects; see also digital library. Dépôt d'information Information retrieval: finding, accessing, and downloading digital information through networks. Extraction d'information Information revolution: the global-scale transformation from an industrial society to an information society; see also knowledge revolution. Révolution de l'information Information science: pure and applied science involving the collection, organization, and management of information; see also information theory. Science de l'information Information society: a society in which people interact with technology as an important part of life and social organization to exchange information on a global scale; see also knowledge-based economy. Société de l'information Information system (IS): a system that acquires digital content, increases the value of the digital content, and produces easily understandable reports; see also database management, decision-support system, executive information system, expert system, management information system. Système d'information Information technology (IT): computer communications, networks, and information systems that enable exchanges of digital objects. Technologie de l'information Information theory: a statistical theory that measures information content and the efficiency of human–machine communication processes. Théorie de l'information Information worker: a person who uses information to accomplish work; see also knowledge worker. Professionnel du savoir Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): a technology that greatly increases digital data transmission speeds via phone networks by eliminating the need for analog to digital conversion; see also Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data. Réseau numérique à intégration de services Intellectual property: refers to the intangible or intellectual nature of works or creations and the body of laws governing such property; there are six areas of intellectual property: patents, trademarks, industrial designs, confidential information, copyright, and integrated circuit topography protection. Propriété intellectuelle Intelligence: an ability to learn and understand new knowledge or reason in new situations; see also artificial intelligence, competitive intelligence. Intelligence Interface: an input and display system that enables a person to interact with a computer; see also information appliance. Interface Internet: cooperative global connectivity among communication networks and communication protocols that allow the networks to exchange digital content; see also World Wide Web. Internet Internet paging: a program that detects when selected individuals sign on and off the Internet and supports online one-on-one discussions or group conferences. Radiomessagerie Internet Internet Relay Chat (IRC): a service that supports simultaneous keyboard input (discussion) among groups of people with similar interests. Conversation IRC Internet service provider (ISP): a company that provides access to the Internet. Fourniseur Internet Interoperability: the ability of multiple databases to share digital objects across domains; see also horizontal integration, metadata. Interoperabilité Interoperability standards: common metadata, file organization, and data formats that enable interoperability. Normes d'interopérabilité Intranet: Local Area Network (LAN) that uses Internet technology to exchange information. Intranet IS: information system. ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. RNIS ISP: Internet service provider. Issue support: using systematic methods to analyze information involving primarily subjective reasoning, in relation to complex issues; see also decision-support system. soutien d'enjeux IT: information technology. TI k or K: kilo-; this prefix is often decimal, 1000 (103), when referring to data transmission, e.g. 56 kbps, and binary, 1024 (210), when referring to data storage, e.g. 50 KB k ou K kbs or kb/s: kilobits per second. kbit/s Key: encryption or decryption algorithm; see also public key, private key. Clé K-If: knowledge infrastructure. K-It: knowledge initiative. kilobit (kb): 1000 bits. kilobit Kilobyte (KB): 1024 bytes. kilo-octet KM: knowledge management. Knowbot: a program that searches a network for information according to selected parameters; see also agent, robot, spider. Inforibot Knowledge: information from multiple domains that has been synthesized, through inference or deduction, into meaning or understanding that was not previously known; see also information, wisdom. Svoir Knowledge acquisition: eliciting and formally coding tacit knowledge into facts and rules and entering them in a knowledge base; see also expert system, knowledge representation. Acquisition du savoir Knowledge asset: knowledge viewed as property; a commodity or product with associated costs and values; see also intellectual property. Actif cognitif Knowledge base: a database containing tacit knowledge in the form of formally coded facts and if-then-else decision rules; see also database, information base. Base de connaissances Knowledge-based economy: an economy in which value is added to products primarily by increasing embedded knowledge content and in which the content value evolves to exceed the material value; see also information society. Économie du savoir Knowledge content: the meaning that underlies data, information, knowledge, or wisdom; see also knowledge processes. Contenu du savoir Knowledge creation: use of reasoning to create new meaning or understanding; to know something that was not previously known; see also knowledge synthesis. Création du savoir Knowledge exchange: the electronic transfer of digital data, information, or knowledge between two or more parties. Échange de connaissances Knowledge infrastructure (K-If): an integrated architecture of computers, systems, networks, and communication technology that supports horizontally integrated and vertically integrated knowledge management. Infrastructure de gestion du savoir Knowledge initiative (K-It): building knowledge management capacity in terms of resources, knowledge infrastructure, and content and developing an organizational context to implement that capacity through leadership, culture, and learning. Initiative de gestion du savoir Knowledge integration: combining separate knowledge management programs into a more complete whole, coupled with adapting diverse groups into a coordinated knowledge-sharing culture. Intégration du savoir Knowledge management (KM): promoting, coordinating, and facilitating knowledge synthesis, preservation, processes, production and exchange in order to support the strategic goals of the organization; see also database management, information management. Gestion du savoir Knowledge object: a physical object used to support knowledge synthesis (e.g., a plant, insect, or rock collection). Objet de savoir Knowledge preservation: implementing processes to capture, archive, and protect explicit and tacit knowledge and to maintain accessibility to it as technology evolves for as long as the knowledge remains useful. Préservation du savoir Knowledge processes: organizational context, human activities, content value, information systems, and information technology that are used to add value to content by increasing the amount of underlying processing and depth and breadth of meaning. Processus cognitif Knowledge product: knowledge that has been adapted to the needs of specific users. Produit cognitif Knowledge production: acquiring content, transforming it into a higher order of meaning and value, and disseminating it as knowledge products; see also knowledge synthesis. Production de savoir Knowledge representation: the framework and methods for coding tacit knowledge in a knowledge base; see also expert system, knowledge acquisition. Représentation du savoir Knowledge revolution: the global-scale transformation from an economy based on the value of material goods to one based on the value of knowledge; see also information society, information revolution, knowledge-based economy. Révolution du savoir Knowledge synthesis: using reasoning to integrate data and information from multiple domains to create a new meaning or understanding; see also knowledge creation, knowledge production. Synthèse du savoir Knowledge worker: a person who creates information and knowledge; see also information worker. Professionel du savoir LAN: Local Area Network. RL Local Area Network (LAN): internal network within an organization; see also Intranet. Réseau local Link: active Web reference to a document or another part of the same document; see also hyperlink. Lien M: mega-; this prefix is often decimal, 1 million (106), when referring to data transmission, and binary, 1 048 576 (220), when referring to data storage. M Management information system (MIS): a system that provides mid-level information, such as budgets, project reports, and resource status with statistical, graphic, query, and report generation capabilities; see also decision-support system, executive information system, expert system, information system. Système d'information de gestion Matrix: the global set of all networks that can exchange e-mail either directly or through gateways; the Internet is a subset of the matrix. Matrice Mb: megabit. Mbps or Mb/s: megabits per second. Mbit/s Meg: informal for megabyte. Meg Megabyte (MB): 1024 kilobytes. Mega-octet Metadata: data about data; a description of the attributes of a digital object that is sufficient to access and reconstitute the object but is independent of the object itself; see also interoperability, information repository. Métadonnées Model: simplified mental, physical, or mathematical representation of reality that enables increased understanding of observed phenomena; see also algorithm, system. Modèle Modem (modulator-demodulator): a device that converts a digital stream into an analog signal for transmission via telephone lines and reconverts an analog signal into a digital stream upon receipt, thereby allowing a computer to communicate with other computers over telephone lines. Modem Multimedia: the capacity of a system and network to process and transmit text, data, sound, graphics, animation, etc. Multimédia Navigation: using hyperlinks and URLs to move from one site to another through the Web to find and access documents; see also browsing, surfing. Navigation Network: communication connectivity among a group of nodes, sites, computers, workstations, people, organizations, etc. Réseau Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP): a communications standard used for exchanging Usenet news. Protocole NNTP News Alert: a system that tracks breaking news stories. Service de veille des informations Newsgroup: a Usenet forum for distributed electronic discussion of a selected topic of mutual interest. Usenet functions throughout the matrix. Groupe de discusion Numeric data: data that can be processed with quantitative algorithms to yield mathematical outputs; see also graphic data, text data. Données numériques Organizational learning: increasing collective skills, experience, and knowledge so that an organization can function more effectively in a dynamic environment. Apprentisage organisationnel Packet: a subset of a complete message with associated identification and routing information; see also Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Paquet Page: individual HTML document that can be displayed by a Web browser. Page Player: a system-specific software capable of presenting audio or video files that are accessed through the Web; see also multimedia, viewer. Lecteur multimédia Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP): A communications convention that provides access to an Internet server via telephone line and modem; see also Serial Line Internet Protocol. Protocole pont à point Private key: private component of an encryption–decryption key (e.g., two large prime numbers); see also public key. Clé privée Protocol: a convention or standard governing the formatting of digital messages that permit communication among networks. Protocole Public key: public component of an encryption–decryption key (e.g., the cross-product of two large prime numbers); see also private key. Clé publique Query: requesting information from a database, using keywords or plain text; see also database management, information system. Requête RAP: Repository Access Protocol. RAP Real-time (adj): relating to a system in which the computer obtains data from a source, processes it, and applies the results to another process going on nearly simultaneously. Temps réel Reasoning: the use of inference and deduction by people to create knowledge; see also knowledge synthesis. Raisonnement Record (n): see data record. Record (v): register permanently on a reproducible media; see also digitization. Consigner Report generator: a system that generates responses to queries, provides automated status reports, or reports on the contents of a database; see also executive information system, information system, and management information system. Générateur de rapports Repository: a server for storing, managing, and retrieving digital objects; see also digital library. Repository Access Protocol: a communications convention that links client servers to information repositories; see also digital library. Protocole d'accès à un dépôt Retrieval: to access electronic data or information stored in a database or repository and transfer it to another site; see also data acquisition, download. Robot: a program that automatically searches the Web for URL addresses and creates HTML documents that list the results; see also knowbot, spider. Robot Routing: selecting the best route from a source to a destination through a network; see also switching. Routage Search engine: a program that searches a data warehouse, information repository, network, or digital library in response to a query; see also information system, database managment. Moteur de recherche Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP): a communication protocol that provides access to an Internet server via a telephone line and modem; see also Point to Point Protocol. Protocole SLIP Server: a computer that links to external communication networks and manages internal distribution networks. Serveur Signal: a detectable physical quantity or impulse, such as voltage, current, or magnetic field strength, by which information is transmitted. Signal Site: part of an organizational computer network that stores HTML documents and is accessible through the Web. Site Skill: the combination of knowledge and physical ability to perform tasks; see also education, experience. Compétences Spam: unsolicited, automated, mass-distributed e-mail; junk e-mail; an increasing nuisance to Internet users and service providers. Pourriel Spatial data: data with a primary file structure of spatial coordinates intended to analyze and display spatial patterns; see also temporal data, thematic data. Données spatiales Spatial navigation: navigating through virtual two- or three-dimensional space by clicking on images to indicate choices. Navigation spatiale Spider: a program that automatically searches the Web for URL addresses and creates an HTML database of active hyperlinks; see also knowbot, robot. Inforobot Surfing: using hyperlinks and URLs to scan the Web for potentially useful or interesting content; see also browsing, navigating. Navigation Switching: connecting communication lines according to routing instructions to transmit information to a sequential destination in a network. Commutation Symmetrical encryption: both the sender and recipient use identical software to encrypt and decrypt a message by means of a password. Chiffrement symétrique Synchronous: the transmission and receipt of a message occur simultaneously; this requires a dedicated link between two points for the duration of the message; see also asynchronous. Synchrone System: set of integrated components that function collectively to transform inputs into outputs to achieve a common goal; see also model, information system. Système T: tera-; this prefix is often decimal, 1 trillion (1012), when referring to data transmission, and binary, 1 099 511 627 776 (240), when referring to data storage. Tacit knowledge: personal knowledge, gained through experience, that is influenced by beliefs, perspectives, and values; see also explicit knowledge. Connaissances tacites TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. TCP/IP Telnet: a means of remotely logging onto a host computer via telephone. Telnet Temporal data: data with a primary file structure of temporal coordinates intended to analyze and display time series; see also thematic data, spatial data. Données temporelles Text data: data that can be interpreted by word processors to yield written language; see also audio data, graphic data, numeric data. Données textuelles Thematic data: data with a primary file structure of subject-matter classification intended to analyze and display processes; see also temporal data, spatial data. Données thématiques Transmission: moving an electronic signal along trunk lines and the backbone between distribution networks; see also communication. Transmission Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP): set of conventions for formatting messages that gateway servers use to connect to the Internet; see also Point to Point Protocol, Serial Line Internet Protocol. Protocole TCP/IP Trunk line: primary line connecting distribution networks to the national backbone. Circuit principal Uniform Resource Locator (URL): unique global address for every page on the Web. Localisateur de ressources uniformes Usenet: a worldwide bulletin board system for sharing asynchronous text discussion among a group of sites; contains more than 15 000 newsgroups or forums. Usenet Value: see content value. Valeur Viewer: a program that can display graphics or video files accessed through the Web; see also player. Visualiseur Vertical integration: processing domain-specific content from raw data through information to knowledge in an integrated system; see also horizontal integration, decision-support system. Intégration verticale Virus: an algorithm, usually hidden in a benign-looking e-mail message or a computer file that, when activated or self-activated, causes inconvenience or serious damage to a computer system or network; many are self-replicating and self-transmitting from one machine to another. Virus Virus protection: software that monitors incoming messages and files and searches existing files to detect viruses, monitors computers and networks for virus-like activity, notifies the operator, and removes the virus. Protection contre les virus WAVE: high-speed Internet connectivity via cable network. Wave Web: the short form of World Wide Web. Web Web log analysis: systems that analyze the effectiveness of a Web site by tabulating and reporting on how the site is used. Analyse de journal web Wisdom: correct application of knowledge. Sagesse World Wide Web: a globally distributed hypermedia system that supports publication and global dissemination of multimedia digital works as well as global searching, accessing, retrieving, and displaying or playing published works; see also Internet. World Wibe Web |
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