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Proactive disclosure Print version ![]() ![]() | ![]() | ![]() GSC Guide to Authors Glossary
Paleontology
allotype A specimen of the opposite sex to the holotype, designated from among paratypes (not regulated by ICBN or ICZN) binomen or binomial name The combination of two names, the first the generic and the second the species or trivial, that constitute the scientific name of a species (pl. binomina) CAI Colour Alteration Index (conodonts); plural, Colour Alteration Index values (i.e. not indices) description A statement of the attributes of a specimen or taxon diagnosis A statement of those attributes of a specimen or taxon that separate it from others emendation
epitype (ICBN) a specimen selected as an interpretive type when the type material is demonstrably ambiguous extant Of a taxon: having living representatives extinct Of a taxon: having no living representatives figured specimen
holotype
homonyms Names that have the same spelling, but that refer to two or more different taxa; 'senior homonym' and 'junior homonym' apply, respectively, to the first, and all later published homonyms hypotype a subsequently described, listed, or figured specimen of a taxon, other than the holotype or paratypes invalid A name that is not acceptable (valid) under the codes isotype (ICBN) a duplicate of the holotype (i.e. part of a single gathering made by a collector at one time) lectotype
name-bearing type The type genus, type species, holotype, or other type specimen(s), or type slide, that determines the application of a particular name neotype
paralectotype (ICZN) each specimen of a former syntype series that remains after the lectotype has been designated paratype
plesiotype A specimen used in the redescription of an existing species rank The level at which a taxon lies in the zoological or botanical hierarchy (e.g. all families are at the same rank, which lies between subfamily and superfamily) synonym One of two or more scientific names applied to the same taxon; 'senior synonym' and 'junior synonym' apply, respectively, to the first, and all later published synonyms syntype
TAI Thermal Alteration Index (palynomorphs, etc.); plural (for each kind of palynomorphs, e.g. spores), Thermal Alteration Index values (i.e. not indices) taxon A taxonomic group of any rank (pl. taxa) topotype A term, not regulated by the ICBN or ICZN, for a specimen that was found at the type locality of species or subspecies to which it is thought to belong, whether or not the specimen belongs to the type series trinomen or trinomial name The combination of three names, the first two being the binomen, the third being the scientific name of the infraspecific taxon, e.g. subspecies (pl. trinomina) type A term used on its own, denoting a kind of type specimen type genus (ICZN) the genus that is the name-bearing type of a family-group taxon type horizon The stratigraphic horizon from which the name-bearing type of a taxon was collected type locality The geographic and stratigraphic place where the name-bearing type of a species or subspecies was collected type series The series of specimens that either constitutes the name-bearing type (syntypes) of a taxon, or from which the name-bearing type may be designated type species (ICZN) the species that is the name-bearing type of a genus or subgenus. (In contrast, according to the ICBN the type of a genus or subgenus is a specimen.) type specimen (ICZN) used generally for any specimen of the type series See also imprint date in the 'Reference' section.
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