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The Boat

Pleasure craft and pleasure craft activities ^ Regulations apply to all operators of pleasure craft, including:

• Powerboaters
• Personal watercraft (PWC) operators
• Canoeists, kayakers and participants in any other paddling sport
• Sailors and sailboarders
• Those towing waterskiers, wakeboarders and parasailors
• Airboaters
• Those racing in an on-water regatta or competition
• Air cushion vehicles and hovercraft operators
• Wing in ground effect* vessel operators
• Anglers and hunters

* Wing In Ground technology describes a vessel that looks like an airplane but can fly only very close to the water, as it rides on the air cushion build-up between the water and the under part of its wings.

Personal watercraft operators ^ As high performance vessels, personal watercraft (PWC) require skill and experience to be operated safely. Operators of PWC must be at least 16 years of age and have proof of competency and proof of age on board.

Before you lend your PWC, you must ensure the operator is fully aware of the special characteristics involved with safe operation. Follow these basic tips:

• Always wear a Canadian-approved flotation device (inflatable PFDs are not permitted). One that is red, orange or yellow will improve your visibility to other operators.
• Wear thermal protection when operating in cold water (water less than 15°C).
• Read the owner’s manual before setting out.
• Attach the engine shut-off line securely to your wrist or flotation device.
• Respect speed limits and other boating restrictions.
• Be cautious, courteous and respect your neighbours. Many communities consider PWC noise annoying when the craft is operated persistently at high speed in one place, especially when the craft jumps waves.
• Be aware of the impact your PWC can have on the environment. Avoid high-speed operation near shorelines.
• Navigate with care. At high speeds it is very difficult to see swimmers, waterskiers, divers and other PWC in time to avoid them.
• Do not operate after dark or in reduced visibility.
• Make sure your PWC is properly licensed and marked.
• If you recognize gasoline or vapours in the engine compartment, do not start your PWC and have it looked at by a qualified technician.
• Always replace the engine cover or seat before starting.

Kayakers ^

Make sure you are seen on the water. Even in bright, calm conditions a kayak can be nearly invisible. It is especially difficult for power-driven vessel and large vessel operators riding high in the water to see kayaks. Choose bright colours such as red, yellow or orange for your flotation device and kayak. Also, remember to keep signalling devices within hand’s reach in case of emergency.

Sea kayakers should be aware of their environment (water temperatures, tides, currents, wind and maritime traffic). For a copy of the Sea Kayaking Safety Guide visit www.boatingsafety.gc.ca.

Anglers and hunters ^ Planning a trip across the lake to do some fishing or hunting? There is much more in getting from point A to point B than steering your boat.

• Know what safety equipment to carry. Depending on the vessel and its characteristics, you may need specific equipment.
• The more informed you are about things like weather patterns, hypothermia and cold water shock, the more prepared you can be. One false step and you could end up in the water. Your chance of survival could depend on your preparedness.
• Consider clothing. Some gear, such as hip waders, should never be worn in boats.
• If your trip unexpectedly becomes an overnight excursion, have a way to contact your loved ones to let them know your plans. This is especially important if you have filed a sail plan and are expected home at a certain time.
• Don’t cruise with booze.

Construction Standards for Small Vessels ^

Small vessels (whether pleasure or non-pleasure craft) that operate in Canada must be built according to the Construction Standards for Small Vessels. Pleasure craft built to these standards are issued Canadian compliance labels. If you are selling, building or importing a pleasure craft, you must ensure it meets the appropriate requirements.

Canadian compliance labels ^ Labels or plates issued in another country, or by any body other than the Government of Canada, are not valid in Canada.

Serially produced pleasure craft sold and operated in Canada up to 6 m (19’8”) in length and capable of being fitted with an engine(s) of 10 hp (7.5 kW) or more must carry a capacity plate or capacity label. Pleasure craft not serially produced require a Single Vessel Plate (or label). Although requirements for capacity labels changed from 5 to 6 m (16’5” to 19’8”) on April 1, 1999, plates issued before that date are still valid.

A capacity label states:

• The recommended maximum safe limit of an outboard engine power
• The recommended maximum safe limit of number of occupants the pleasure craft may carry
• The recommended maximum load capacity for the pleasure craft

A capacity label also confirms the vessel was built according to the Construction Standards for Small Vessels.

Remember, these are maximum recommendations for fair weather operation. The number of people who can be carried safely depends on the type of pleasure craft, distribution of occupants, equipment carried and weather and water conditions. Operators must know and respect the limitations of their boat.

Your boat’s seaworthiness can depend on the load you put in it and where you put it. Too much weight can overload your boat and cause it to become unstable or allow small waves to come aboard. It will also reduce the amount your boat can roll before its sides dip under. Weight that is carried too high will reduce stability, making your boat more apt to roll and less inclined to return to an upright position.

Other pleasure craft fitted or capable of being fitted with an engine sold and operated in Canada must display a conformity label, stating the pleasure craft meets the requirements of the Construction Standards for Small Vessels, issued by Transport Canada.

A single vessel label is issued only to homebuilt pleasure craft or those pleasure craft built by a builder who is no longer able to provide a label.

A Canadian compliance label (capacity or conformity) on your boat confirms it met the appropriate construction standards for small vessels when it was built. If the pleasure craft does not have a Canadian compliance label, contact a Transport Canada Centre for information on how to obtain a label and the associated fees.

For more information on compliance plates or labels visit www.boatingsafety.gc.ca.

Hull identification number (HIN) ^

Pleasure craft made in Canada, or imported to Canada, after August 1, 1981, must have a HIN marking. The HIN must be on the outside of the transom on the starboard side, or as close to that area as possible if marking on the transom is not practical.

If you can no longer obtain a HIN from the manufacturer, or if the vessel is home-built, request an application package from a Transport Canada Centre to obtain one.

Overloading your boat ^

Overloading your boat with people or equipment is incredibly dangerous and can have fatal consequences. The number of people who can be carried safely depends on the type of vessel and the distribution of weight. Poor distribution of weight on board will affect your boat’s stability for the worse.

As the operator of your vessel, you must follow the limits on the capacity plate as the recommended gross load capacity or the equivalent number of adult persons. When following these limits, keep in mind the maximum load is calculated for fair weather conditions and evenly distributed weight. Keep the load as low as possible on board and secure equipment to prevent it from shifting and affecting the stability of your pleasure craft.

Minimum required equipment ^ Safe and responsible operation of your pleasure craft is a key ingredient for a good time. The right equipment provides peace of mind and if something goes wrong, it may save your life.

The Small Vessel Regulations identify the minimum equipment required on board your pleasure craft according to vessel length. In some examples over the next few pages, in addition to vessel length, the minimum equipment displayed is by vessel type to assist you.

You may want to bring along additional items depending on your type of vessel, activity and environment. Go prepared. Make sure equipment is easily accessible and can be properly used by everyone on board.

Ensuring that all equipment, whether it is lifesaving or navigation equipment, is in good working order is not just common sense — it is the law.

To determine the length of your pleasure craft, refer to its manufacturer’s product information or measure it yourself (from the forward end of the foremost outside surface of the hull shell to the aftermost outside surface of the hull shell).

Minimum equipment requirements do not apply to beach and pool toys measuring less than 2 m (6’7‘’) in length that are not designed to be fitted with a motor. Remember, operating a propeller-driven surfboard is against the law in Canada.

If you are renting a vessel and will be operating it for recreational purposes, these carriage requirements apply to you.

If you are using your boat as a non-pleasure craft or are carrying passengers for remuneration, this is considered commercial vessel operation and you should visit www.tc.gc.ca/smallvessels and contact a Transport Canada Centre for applicable regulations.

Sailboards ^

Personal protection equipment One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length Boat safety equipment One (1) manual propelling device

Distress equipment

4. A watertight flashlight
   
   OR
   
   Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B or C

The equipment listed in 2, 3, and 4 is not mandatory if all people on a sailboard are wearing a Canadian approved flotation device of the appropriate size or engaged in an official competition.

Navigation equipment

5. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m (26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks do not require a compass.

Paddleboats and watercycles less than 6 m (19’8”) in length ^

Personal protection equipment One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length

Distress equipment A watertight flashlight OR Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B or C

The equipment listed in 2 and 3 is not mandatory if all people on board are wearing a Canadian approved flotation device of the appropriate size.

Navigation equipment

4. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance
5. Navigation lights that meet the applicable standards set out in the Collision Regulations if the pleasure craft is operated after sunset and before sunrise or in periods of restricted visibility

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m (26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks do not require a compass.

Canoes, kayaks, rowboats and rowing shells less than 6 m (19’8”) in length ^

Personal protection equipment One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length

Boat safety equipment One (1) manual propelling device (for more detailed description, refer to the manual propelling device definition)

OR

An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”) of cable, rope or chain in any combination

4. One (1) bailer
   
   OR
   
   One (1) manual water pump fitted with or accompanied by sufficient hose to enable a person using the pump to discharge water from the bilge of the vessel over the side of the vessel

Navigation equipment

5. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance
6. Navigation lights that meet the applicable standards set out in the Collision Regulations if the pleasure craft is operated after sunset and before sunrise or in periods of restricted visibility

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m (26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks do not require a compass.

Unpowered pleasure craft less than 6 m (19’8”) in length ^

See separate sections for sailboards; paddleboats and watercycles; canoes, kayaks, rowboats and rowing shells. Personal protection equipment One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length

Boat safety equipment One (1) manual propelling device (for more detailed description, refer to the manual propelling device definition) OR

An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”) of cable, rope or chain in any combination

4. One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher, if the pleasure craft is equipped with a fuel-burning cooking, heating or refrigerating appliance
   
   
5. One (1) bailer
   
   OR
   
   One (1) manual water pump fitted with or accompanied by sufficient hose to enable a person using the pump to discharge water from the bilge of the vessel over the side of the vessel

Navigation equipment

6. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance
7. Navigation lights that meet the applicable standards set out in the Collision Regulations if the pleasure craft is operated after sunset and before sunrise or in periods of restricted visibility

A bailer or manual water pump is not required for any self-bailing sealed hull sailing vessel fitted with a recess-type cockpit that cannot contain a sufficient quantity of water to make the vessel capsize, or a multi-hull vessel that has subdivided multiple-sealed hull construction.

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m (26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks do not require a compass.

Personal watercraft (PWC) ^ Personal protection equipment One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length

Distress equipment

3. A watertight flashlight
   
   OR
   
   Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B or C

Navigation equipment

4. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance

Boat safety equipment

5. One (1) manual propelling device (for more detailed description, refer to the manual propelling device definition)
   
   OR
   
   An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”) of cable, rope or chain in any combination
   
   
6. One (1) bailer
   
   OR
   
   One (1) manual water pump fitted with or accompanied by sufficient hose to enable a person using the pump to discharge water from the bilge of the vessel over the side of the vessel
   
   
7. One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher

The equipment listed in 5, 6 and 7 is not mandatory if all people on the PWC are wearing a Canadian approved flotation device of the appropriate size.

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m (26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks do not require a compass.

Powered pleasure craft less than 6 m (19’8”) in length ^

See separate section for personal watercraft.

Personal protection equipment One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length

Boat safety equipment

One (1) manual propelling device (for more detailed description, refer to the manual propelling device definition) OR An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”) of cable, rope or chain in any combination One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher, if the pleasure craft is equipped with an inboard engine, a fixed fuel tank of any size, or a fuel-burning cooking, heating or refrigerating appliance

5. One (1) bailer
   
   OR
   
   One (1) manual water pump fitted with or accompanied by sufficient hose to enable a person using the pump to discharge water from the bilge of the vessel over the side of the vessel

Distress equipment

6. A watertight flashlight
   
   OR
   
   Three (3) Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B or C

Navigation equipment

7. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance
8. Navigation lights that meet the applicable standards set out in the Collision Regulations if the pleasure craft is operated after sunset and before sunrise or in periods of restricted visibility

A bailer or manual water pump is not required for any multi-hull vessel that has subdivided multiple-sealed hull construction.

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m (26’3”) or less in length within sight of navigational marks do not require a compass or a compass bearing device.

Pleasure craft greater than 6 m (19’8”) in length but no greater than 8 m (26’3”) in length ^

Including unpowered craft Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Personal protection equipment One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length OR One (1) approved lifebuoy with an outside diameter of 610 mm or 762 mm that is attached to a buoyant line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length A reboarding device if the freeboard of the vessel is greater than 0.5 m (1’8”)

Boat safety equipment

4. One (1) manual propelling device (for more detailed description, refer to the manual propelling device definition)
   
   OR
   
   An anchor with no less than 15 m (49’3”) of cable, rope or chain in any combination
   
   
5. One (1) bailer
   
   OR
   
   One (1) manual water pump fitted with or accompanied by sufficient hose to enable a person using the pump to discharge water from the bilge of the vessel over the side of the vessel
   
   
6. One (1) Class 5BC fire extinguisher, if the pleasure craft is a power-driven vessel, plus another class 5BC fire extinguisher if the pleasure craft is equipped with a fuel-burning cooking, heating or refrigerating appliance

Distress equipment

7. A watertight flashlight
8. Six (6)* Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B or C
   
   * Exempt from carrying pyrotechnic distress signals if:
   
   - Operating in a river, canal or lake in which it can at no time be more than one nautical mile (1.852 km) from shore
   
   OR
   
   - Engaged in an official competition or in final preparation for an official competition and has no sleeping arrangements

Navigation equipment

9. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance
10. Navigation lights that meet the applicable standards set out in the Collision Regulations if the pleasure craft is operated after sunset and before sunrise or in periods of restricted visibility

Pleasure craft propelled by oars and pleasure craft 8 m (26’3”) or less within sight of navigational marks do not require a compass or a compass bearing device.

Pleasure craft greater than 8 m (26’3”) in length but no greater than 12 m (39’4”) in length ^ Including powered craft Personal protection equipment

One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length One (1) approved lifebuoy with an outside diameter of 610 mm or 762 mm that is attached to a buoyant line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length A reboarding device if the freeboard of the vessel is greater than 0.5 m (1’8”) Boat safety equipment An anchor with no less than 30 m (98’5”) of cable, rope or chain in any combination One (1) bailer One (1) manual water pump fitted with or accompanied by sufficient hose to enable a person using the pump to discharge water from the bilge of the vessel over the side of the vessel One (1) Class 10BC fire extinguisher, if the pleasure craft is a power-driven vessel, plus another class 10BC fire extinguisher if the pleasure craft is equipped with a fuel-burning cooking, heating or refrigerating appliance

Distress equipment

9. A watertight flashlight
10. 12* Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B, C or D, no more than six (6) of which are of Type D
    
    * Exempt from carrying pyrotechnic distress signals if:
    
    - Operating in a river, canal or lake in which it can at no time be more than one nautical mile (1.852 km) from shore
    
    OR
    
    - Engaged in an official competition or in final preparation for an official competition and has no sleeping arrangements

Navigation equipment

11. A sound-signalling device or a sound-signalling appliance
12. Navigation lights that meet the applicable standards set out in the Collision Regulations

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Power-driven pleasure craft greater than 8 m (26’3”) in length require a properly adjusted compass. If the voyage is more than 20 nautical miles (37 km) from shore a compass bearing device is required.

Pleasure craft greater than 12 m (39’4”) in length but no greater than 20 m (65’7”) in length ^

Including unpowered craft Personal protection equipment

One (1) Canadian-approved personal flotation device or lifejacket of appropriate size for each person on board One (1) buoyant heaving line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length One (1) approved lifebuoy with an outside diameter of 610 mm or 762 mm that is equipped with a self-igniting light and is attached to a buoyant line no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length A reboarding device

Boat safety equipment

5. An anchor with no less than 50 m (164’1”) of cable, rope or chain in any combination
6. Bilge pumping arrangements
7. One (1) Class 10BC fire extinguisher at each of the following locations:
   • At each access to any space where a fuel-burning cooking, heating or refrigerating appliance is fitted
   • At the entrance to any accommodation space
   • At the entrance to the engine room space
8. One (1) axe
9. Two (2) buckets, each with a capacity of 10 L or more

Distress equipment

10. A watertight flashlight
11. 12 Canadian-approved flares of Type A, B, C or D, no more than six (6) of which are of Type D

Navigation equipment

12. A sound-signalling appliance
13. Navigation lights that meet the applicable standards set out in the Collision Regulations

Note: Radar reflectors are required under certain conditions.

Power-driven pleasure craft greater than 8 m (26’3”) in length require a properly adjusted compass. If the voyage is more than 20 nautical miles (37 km) from shore a compass bearing device is required.

Specific requirements for pleasure craft involved in competition ^

Pleasure craft used for racing, and its crew, may carry alternative safety equipment when engaged in formal training, in an official competition or in final preparation for an official competition. Read on to see if your event or training sessions qualify for this exemption.

• Official competition: a competition or regatta organized by a governing body, a club or an organization that is affiliated with a governing body.
• Formal training: practice for an official competition under the supervision of a coach or official certified by a governing body.
• Final preparation for an official competition: activities to prepare for the competition that take place at the competition venue and during the times specified by the organizer of the competition.
• Governing body: a watersport governing body that publishes rules and criteria respecting conduct and safety requirements during skill demonstrations, formal training or official competitions and that:
  • certifies coaches and coaching programs
  • certifies officials and programs for officials; or
  • recommends training and safety guidelines for certified coaches or officials.
• Safety craft: a boat, aircraft or other means of transport with a crew on board that is used for surveillance and lifeguarding activities during formal training or official competitions.

Alternative equipment for racing canoes, racing kayaks and rowing shells ^

Racing canoes and racing kayaks do not have to carry the equipment referred to in any part of this guide if their crews are engaged in formal training, in an official competition or in final preparation for an official competition, and:

• are attended by a safety vessel carrying a flotation device of the appropriate size for each crew member of the largest vessel being attended (in addition to their own safety equipment); or,
• carry:
  • a flotation device of the appropriate size for each crewmember;
  • a sound-signalling device; and,
  • if operated after sunset and before sunrise, a watertight flashlight.

Rowing shells do not have to carry the equipment referred to in any part of this guide if:

• competing in a provincially, nationally or internationally sanctioned regatta or competition or engaged in training at the venue at which the regatta or competition is taking place;
• attended by a safety vessel carrying a flotation device of the appropriate size for each crewmember;
  • of the pleasure craft, if the safety vessel is only attending the pleasure craft; or,
  • of the crew of the largest vessel being attended, if the safety vessel is attending more than one vessel; or,
• carrying:
  • a flotation device of the appropriate size for each crewmember;
  • a sound-signalling device; and,
  • if operated after sunset and before sunrise, a watertight flashlight.

Alternative equipment for racing-type pleasure craft ^

Racing-type pleasure craft (other than racing canoes, kayaks or rowing shells) engaged in formal training, in an official competition or in final preparation for an official competition and operated under conditions of clear visibility and attended by a safety vessel may carry, instead of the mandatory equipment described on the previous pages, the safety equipment required under the rules of the applicable governing body.

Personal protection equipment ^

About 90 per cent of people who drown in recreational boating incidents are not wearing a flotation device. A lifejacket or personal flotation device (PFD) is the best insurance you can have. Find one that suits your needs and wear it.

By law, pleasure craft must have enough Canadian approved flotation devices of the appropriate size for everyone on board. You can choose between lifejackets and PFDs. Remember, lifesaving cushions are not approved as personal flotation equipment on any vessel.

Lifejackets ^ Lifejackets come only in red, orange and yellow so you are much more visible while in water. Currently, there are three Canadian-approved types to choose from: Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) lifejackets meet very high performance standards and are approved for all vessels. They:

• will turn you on your back in seconds to keep your face out of the water, even if you are unconscious;
• come in two sizes: for those over 32 kg (70 lbs.) and those less than 32 kg; and,
• are available in comfortable and compact inflatable configurations that can be automatically, manually or orally inflated.
  
  
• Standard Type lifejackets are approved for all vessels, except SOLAS vessels.
  

  They: will turn you on your back to keep your face out of the water, even if you are unconscious; and, come in two sizes: for those less than 40 kg (88 lbs.) and those greater than 40 kg.

  
  
• Small Vessel lifejackets are approved for small vessels.
  
  

  They: have less flotation than Standard Type lifejackets; will turn you on your back, but may do so more slowly; come in two models: keyhole and vest; and, come in three sizes. Future types and designs of lifejackets will improve their wearability and performance.

  For more information on selecting lifejackets, check out www.wearalifejacket.com

Personal flotation devices (PFDs) ^

This type of flotation device is approved for pleasure craft only. You can choose from a wide range of approved types, sizes and colours of PFDs. They do not all come in red, orange or yellow; but it is a good idea to choose one of these colours so you are much more visible when in water. Choose a PFD based on your needs and the activity you will be participating in. If you plan on operating at high speeds, look for a PFD with three or more chest belts for security.

If you will be operating in cold water (water less than 15°C) choose a PFD with some thermal protection. A large selection of devices designed for specific uses are now available for all types of activities such as sailboarding, kayaking and canoeing.

There are, however, some pros and cons to choosing a PFD over a lifejacket. A PFD may be more comfortable than a lifejacket because it is designed for constant wear, but PFDs usually offer less flotation than SOLAS, Standard Type and Small Vessel lifejackets. Although they have limited turning capability, some PFDs provide thermal protection against hypothermia. The choice is yours, but consider your needs carefully before purchasing.

Inflatable PFDs are another option but for them to work properly you must understand their operation and maintenance requirements. You should also check which boating activities they are approved for, under the Small Vessel Regulations. For example, people less than 16 years of age or who weigh less than 36.3 kg (80 lbs.), and operators of personal watercraft are prohibited from wearing an inflatable PFD. They come in two styles:

• Vest types can be orally, manually (with a CO2 system) or automatically inflated.
  
  
  
• Pouch types can be orally inflated, or manually inflated by pulling a toggle to activate a CO2 inflation system.
  
  
  

Though their inflation time is relatively short, for weak swimmers it can seem like forever. All Canadian approved inflatable PFDs have an oral inflation tube in case the CO2 inflation mechanism fails. If you are struggling to stay afloat, this tube could be a challenge to use.

An emergency is no time to experiment with a new device. Inflatable PFDs should come with an owner’s manual. Look for it and read it carefully. Under supervision and before heading out, try the device on and make sure you know how to use it.

Keeping kids afloat ^

A lifejacket or PFD is no substitute for adult supervision. Kids should be within arm’s reach and should be wearing a proper flotation device at all times. Before buying a flotation device for your child, make sure the device is Canadian-approved. Find an appropriately sized device and have them try it on. It should fit snugly, not ride up over your child’s chin or ears. If there are more than 7.6 cm (3”) between your child’s shoulders and the device it is too big and could do more harm than good.

Look for these safety features:

A large collar for head support Waist ties or elastic gathers in front and back A safety strap that goes between the legs to prevent the device from slipping over your child’s head Buckles on safety straps and reflective tape Consider attaching a non-metallic pealess whistle to the device

Parents who want their kids to wear a lifejacket should set a good example and do the same.

Labels ^ Look for a lifejacket or PFD with a label that states it has been approved by: Transport Canada; Canadian Coast Guard; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; or, any combination of the above.

Foreign visitors to Canada may bring their own flotation device to use as long as it conforms to the laws of their country.

Proper care of your flotation device ^

Treat your flotation device as an investment and take good care of it. Devices that are ripped or in poor condition are not considered approved.

Lifesaving equipment should never be kneeled on, sat on or used as a fender for your boat. Follow these tips:

• Check its buoyancy regularly in a pool or by wading out to waist-deep water and bending your knees to see how well you float.
• Ensure that straps, buckles and zippers are clean and in good working order.
• Tug on straps to ensure they are well attached and there is no sign of wear.
• Dry your device in open air and avoid direct heat sources.
• Store it in a dry, well-ventilated, easily accessible place.
• Do not dry clean. Use mild soap and running water to clean.

It won’t work if you don’t wear it ^

In order to work, proper lifesaving equipment must be worn at all times. Believing that you can locate, don and fasten a PFD in the water is dangerous for many reasons; adverse wind and wave conditions can make this extremely difficult, if not impossible; you could unexpectedly fall into water and the vessel (with the PFD aboard) could be unreachable; and, cold water can severely impede your ability to don and fasten a PFD in the water.

Never underestimate the protection a flotation device can afford you. It is called lifesaving equipment for a reason.

Buoyant heaving lines ^ On most pleasure craft, buoyant heaving lines no less than 15 m (49’3”) in length are necessary equipment.

Lifebuoys ^ When buying a lifebuoy look for a Transport Canada approval sticker. Store this piece of equipment where it can be easily accessed in an emergency. Lifebuoys must be at least 610 mm in diameter. Smaller lifebuoys and horseshoe-type devices are not approved.

Reboarding devices ^

Pleasure craft greater than 12 m (39’4”) in length, and pleasure craft 6-12 m (19’8”-39’4”) in length with freeboard exceeding 0.5 m (1’8”) need a reboarding device. If your pleasure craft has transom ladders or swim platform ladders it already meets this requirement.

Boat safety equipment ^

Manual propelling device

A manual propelling device can mean:

a set of oars; a paddle; or, any other apparatus that can be used manually (by hand or foot) by a person to propel a vessel, including pumping the rudder on small open sailboats or a paddle wheel on a paddle boat.

A spare paddle or other propelling device is a good idea, but only one is necessary to meet the requirement.

Bailers and manual water pumps ^ Bailers must be at least 750 ml with the opening a minimum of 65 cm2 (10 in2), and made of plastic or metal. If you have a manual pump, the pump and hose must be able to reach the bilge and discharge over the side of the boat.

A bailer or manual water pump is not required for multi-hull vessels that have subdivided multiple-sealed hull construction (common example: pontoon boat) or sailboats fitted with a recess-type cockpit that cannot contain a sufficient quantity of water to capsize the boat.

1. Secure lid
2. Cut off bottom
3. Cut along side with handle

Anchors ^

There is more to dropping anchor than just that. If your boat’s anchor and its cable are not of the appropriate weight and size, wind and water conditions can cause it to drag, leaving your boat to drift. This is especially dangerous if you are asleep or swimming nearby. Ensure your boat is well anchored and keep watch to detect signs of dragging.

Portable fire extinguishers ^ Different types of fires require different types of extinguishers. Currently, there are two classes of fire extinguishers required under the Small Vessel Regulations: Class B for combustible liquids such as gas and oil and Class C for electrical fires.

The number before the letter on the extinguisher rates its relative firefighting effectiveness. For example, a 3B device will put out a larger fi re than a 2B device. Although regulations specify class BC, choose an extinguisher with an ABC rating. The type of fire extinguishers you choose must be listed and labelled by Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC), if made in Canada.

Fire extinguishers are generally approved for marine use by:

• Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
• Underwriters Laboratories Canada (ULC)
• United States Coast Guard (for marine use)

Refills of halon fire extinguishers are no longer permitted. For more information visit www.tc.gc.ca. Check extinguishers frequently for correct operating pressure, and ensure you and your guests know how to use them. Maintenance, servicing and recharging must be performed by trained personnel as per manufacturer instructions.

For chemical-type devices, take them out of their bracket and shake them vigorously in the upside down position (about once a month) to prevent the extinguishing agent from caking and hardening at the bottom.

Reacting to a fire ^

If a small fi re erupts, activate a fire extinguisher and direct it at the base of the flames. Sweep the discharge nozzle from side to side and continue doing this for a few seconds after the flames are completely extinguished. Otherwise, the fi re may re-ignite and you may not have enough extinguishing agent left to put it out again.

If your boat is in motion when a fire starts, position it so the fire is downwind from you and stop the engine if it is safe to do so under the weather conditions.

Make sure everyone is wearing a flotation device, use extinguishers to control the fire and, if safe to do so, shut-off the fuel source.

The Small Vessel Regulations do not address automatic extinguishing systems some pleasure craft may carry. Even if your pleasure craft has this type of system it must carry the portable extinguishers indicated in the Minimum Required Equipment section. More information on the care and maintenance of fire extinguishers is available from ULC or the manufacturer.

Distress equipment ^

Watertight flashlights

Almost every pleasure craft requires a watertight flashlight or flares. In the event of an electrical failure, a watertight flashlight may be your only means of signalling for help.

Distress flares

Use flares only in times of real distress. Before purchasing, make sure they are approved by Transport Canada. There are four types of approved pyrotechnics: A, B, C and D.

Aerial flares should be fired at an angle into the wind. With a high wind velocity, lower the angle to a maximum of 45 degrees. Pyrotechnics are valid only for four years from the date of manufacture, stamped on each flare. To dispose of your outdated flares, seek advice from your local fire department, law enforcement agency or Transport Canada Centre.

Store flares vertically in a cool, dry location (such as a watertight container) to help them retain their efficiency, but keep them accessible in case of an emergency.

Pleasure craft greater than 6 m (19’8”) in length and pleasure craft up to 12 m (39’4”) in length are exempt from carrying pyrotechnic distress signals if:

• Operating in a river, canal or lake in which it can at no time be more than one nautical mile (1.852 km) from shore
• Engaged in an official competition or in final preparation for an official competition and have no sleeping arrangements

Type A: Parachute Single red star When launched, reaches height of 300 m (984’) and with the aid of parachute, comes down slowly Easily observed from the surface or air Burns for at least 40 seconds

Type B: Multi-star Two or more red stars When launched, reach a height of 100 m (328’) and burn for four or five seconds each Easily observed from the surface or air

Some Type B flares project only one star at a time. When using this single star type, two flares must be fired within 15 seconds of each other. You will need double the number of cartridges to meet the requirements of the regulations.

Type C: Hand-held Red flame torch held in your hand Limited surface visibility Best for pinpointing location during an air search Burns for at least one minute

Avoid looking directly at the flare while it is burning. Ignite the flare while holding it clear of the boat and down wind.

Type D: Smoke (buoyant or hand-held) Produces a dense orange smoke for three minutes Used only as a day signal Some types are made especially for pleasure craft use that last one minute and come in a package of three

Position your smoke flare down wind and follow the directions carefully.

Navigation equipment ^

Sound-signalling devices

Pleasure craft less than 12 m (39’4”) in length need a sound-signalling device if they are not fitted with a sound-signalling appliance. The sound-signalling device can be a pealess whistle, compressed gas horn or an electric horn.

Sound-signalling appliances ^

Pleasure craft 12 m (39’4”) or greater in length must have a fitted whistle. Check the Collision Regulations for the technical criteria the whistle must meet.

Navigation lights ^

If you operate your boat at night or in restricted visibility, it needs navigation lights. If your pleasure craft has navigation lights, they must work and be fitted in accordance with the Collision Regulations (for placement options, see the silhouettes in the Minimum Required Equipment section).

Radar reflectors ^

Vessels less than 20 m (65’7”) in length or that are constructed primarily of non-metallic materials must have radar reflectors, unless they are not essential to the safety of the vessel, or the small size of the vessel or its operation away from radar navigation makes compliance impractical. If properly positioned, they help larger, less manoeuvrable vessels detect your presence on their radar screens. They should be located above all superstructures and at least 4 m (13”1’) above the water (if possible).

Towing ^

Tugs may be towing barges or other vessels on a long tow-line astern. Often, the length of the tow is so great the tow-line hangs below the surface of the water and is nearly invisible. If a small craft were to strike the submerged tow-line, it could capsize and be run down by the barge.

Never pass between a tug and its tow and be alert for special lights displayed by vessels towing barges, other vessels or objects. The towing vessel is usually more visible than its tow. The tow’s navigation lights do not include masthead lights and are often much dimmer than those of the towing vessel.

In the case of a power-driven vessel towing another vessel from its stern, the towing vessel must exhibit the following:

• Sidelights and sternlight
• Towing light (yellow light with the same characteristics as the sternlight)
• Two masthead lights in a vertical line – three of these lights if the tow exceeds 200 m (656’)
• A diamond shape where it can best be seen, if the tow exceeds 200 m (656’) – day signal

In the case of a vessel being towed, it must exhibit the following:

• Sidelights and sternlight
• A diamond shape where it can best be seen, if the tow exceeds 200 m (656’)
• If impractical for the vessel being towed to comply with the lights stated above, it must carry one all-around white light at fore and aft

Charts and publications ^

Having charts and various publications such as Notices to Mariners, Sailing Directions and the List of Lights and Buoys and Fog Signals is required under the Charts and Nautical Publications Regulations. Small craft charts are not regularly updated.

Consult Notices to Mariners for chart updates and corrections or visit www.charts.gc.ca.

Suggested items to take on board ^

If you will be out for more than a few hours, consider taking these items with you:

• Spare clothing in a watertight bag (weather conditions can change rapidly so be prepared)
• Drinking water and high-energy snacks (drinking water is important because not ingesting enough of it can quickly lead to fatigue and dehydration)

Tool kits and spare parts

You may need to make repairs while out on the water. Take along a tool kit, spare parts (for example, fuses, bulbs, a spare propeller, nuts and bolts, penetrating oil to free-up stuck fasteners, duct tape, spark plugs) and tools and materials to temporarily stop hull leaks. Now that you have the tools available, do you know what to do with them? Bring the owner’s manual and any other guidebook you might need on your trip.

First aid kit While boating, you may be some distance from medical assistance. Take a first aid kit with you. Store it in a dry place and replace used and outdated contents regularly. Not every kit will be appropriate for your specific needs so choose carefully.

Do you know the signs and symptoms of hypothermia, heat exhaustion, an allergic reaction to insect venom or food items? Do you know how to stem bleeding, perform rescue breathing, treat shock? If not, take a first aid course as soon as possible. Knowing how to provide first aid assistance can make the difference between permanent injury and full recovery, or even life and death. For more information on first aid training visit www.sja.ca or contact St. John Ambulance Canada.

Proper documentation ^

Licensing your pleasure craft

Sometimes proof of competency is also referred to as a licence to operate a pleasure craft. The two are not the same. In most instances what people actually want to know about is the requirement to carry proof of competency.

A pleasure craft licence is for your boat.

Pleasure craft less than 15 gross tons (12 m or less) and powered by an engine of 10 hp (7.5 kW) or more must be licensed or registered, regardless of where they operate in Canada. A licence is free-of-charge and can presently be obtained through the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). Refer to the blue pages in your telephone directory to contact your nearest CBSA office or call 1-800-461-9999. Pleasure craft licensing is being modernized. It is expected that by April 2006, Service Canada will assume responsibility for issuing pleasure craft licences through their offices.

In New Brunswick, Service New Brunswick Centres will also issue licences. For more information about this change, visit www.boatingsafety.gc.ca or call 1-800-O-CANADA.

When entering another country, vessels must have some form of documentation (a licence and/or proof of ownership or registration), especially dinghies or tenders that accompany a larger vessel. Remember, dinghies or tenders equipped with an engine of 10 hp (7.5 kW) or more must be licensed separately. Not having the proper documentation with you at all times can result in delays clearing United States or Canada Customs, or even a fine. Proof of ownership for non-registered pleasure craft may be required. Check with the CBSA before setting out.

By law, you must display your pleasure craft’s licence number above the water line on both sides of the bow, as far forward as practical and where it can easily be seen. The numbers must be in block letters, 7.5 cm (3”) in height and must contrast with the colour of your pleasure craft’s bow.

New pleasure craft? ^

To license a new or previously unlicensed pleasure craft you must complete an Application for Pleasure Craft Licence and have a bill of sale (or proof of ownership). If your bill of sale (or proof of ownership) is not available, you need a Declaration Under Oath stating why.

Contact the Canada Border Services Agency if you are unsure of what you need to license your pleasure craft.

Transferring ownership ^

When transferring ownership of your boat, complete the information required and follow the instructions on the reverse side of the Pleasure Craft Licence and give it to the new owner. With the completed transfer form (reverse side of the Pleasure Craft Licence), the new owner should contact the Canada Border Services Agency for additional information.

Registering your pleasure craft ^

Registration is a system that provides legal title and certain benefits such as a unique name and an official number for your boat. Vessels greater than 15 gross tons (greater than 12 m) must be registered. Smaller vessels can be registered, but the choice is yours. Registration also allows you to use your boat as security for a marine mortgage.

Remember, pleasure craft less than 15 gross tons (12 m or less) and fitted with a motor of 10 hp (7.5 kW) or more must be licensed or may be registered. This requirement includes personal watercraft. The choice is yours to license or register any small vessel, but pleasure craft over 15 gross tons (greater than 12 m) must be registered.

Heads up! When the 2001 Canada Shipping Act comes into force, registering your pleasure craft will be optional. If not registered, pleasure craft fitted with a motor or motors equal to 10 hp (7.5 kW) must be licensed under the new Act.

Call the Canadian Registry of Ships and Small Commercial Vessel Licensing at 1-877-242-8770 for more information.

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