Prince Edward Island
The Land
One of the four Atlantic Provinces, Prince Edward Island is also Canada's smallest province in both area
and population.
The crescent-shaped island is 224 kilometres in length and ranges in width from 6 to 64 kilometres, giving it
a total area of 5 660 km2. It lies in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, separated from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick by Northumberland Strait. Its highest point is 152 metres above sea level. The province has
numerous lakes and rivers, most of which are quite small.
Rich soil and a temperate climate make Prince Edward Island an ideal place for mixed farming. Half of its
land is under cultivation, earning it the nickname "the Garden Province." It is renowned for its red soil, sand
dunes and 800 kilometres of beaches.
The History
Prince Edward Island was called "Abegweit" by the Micmac Indians, who lived there for some 2 000 years
before the arrival of the Europeans. The name means "lying down flat," but is freely translated as "cradled by the waves." There is evidence that the ancestors of the Micmacs lived on the island 10 000 years ago,
presumably having migrated across the low plain now covered by Northumberland Strait.
The Europeans discovered the island when Jacques Cartier landed there in 1534; he described it as "the most beautiful stretch of land imaginable." In spite of his enthusiastic description, it was a long time before
the island was settled. No permanent colony existed until the French established one in 1719; thirty years
later, the population numbered a mere 700.
The English population of the island multiplied after the British deported the Acadians from Nova Scotia in
1755. By 1758, the island's population had risen to 5 000.
In 1766, Captain Samuel Holland prepared a topographic map of the island, then known as the Island of
Saint John, dividing it into 67 parcels of land and distributing it by lot to a group of British landowners. The
absentee landlords, many of whom never set foot on the island, gave rise to numerous problems. Some
refused to sell their lands to their tenants, while others demanded exorbitant purchase or rental prices.
In 1769, the Island of Saint John became a separate colony, and in 1799 it was given its present name, in
honour of Prince Edward of England.
Prince Edward Island is known as the "Cradle of Confederation," since Charlottetown, its capital, was the
site of the 1864 conference that set Canadian Confederation in motion. This distinction notwithstanding, the
island waited until 1873 to join the Dominion of Canada.
The People
The population of Prince Edward Island was approximately 139 000 in 2000. Of this number, 62 percent live
in the rural districts, including 8 percent on farms. With a population of about 33 000, Charlottetown is the
largest urban centre.
Approximately 75 percent of The People are of British (mainly Scottish and Irish) origin. About 20 percent
are of French origin, and nearly five percent speak French. The Aboriginal population of Prince Edward
Island numbers approximately 1 000. The island population is quite young - about 38 percent of The People
are under the age of 25.
The Economy
Agriculture, tourism and fishing are the economic mainstays of Prince Edward Island. Most of the industrial
activity has to do with food processing, although high-technology industry is becoming important, especially
in the medical, electronics and agricultural fields.
Prince Edward Island's rich, red soil is ideal for growing potatoes, which are the most important source of
income for the province's farms.
Although lobster is king of the waters off Prince Edward Island, about 30 other fish and seafood species are
caught, notably cultivated mussels, herring, bluefin tuna and the renowned Malpeque oysters.
The island's 800 kilometres of beaches attract over 665 000 visitors yearly for relaxation and water sports,
including bluefin tuna fishing.
Prince Edward Island official government web sites
Prince Edward Island government site
http://www.gov.pe.ca/
Prince Edward Island: Official Tourism site
http://www.gov.pe.ca/visitorsguide/index.php3
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