The Canadian Nuclear FAQ logo    
www.nuclearfaq.ca
Canadian Nuclear FAQ
by Dr. Jeremy Whitlock
    CNS2002 logo

Answers to Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQs) about Canadian nuclear science & technology
Today is   —   Site last updated: 2006-10-07

Introduction & Disclaimer

What's NEW?

Contents

Site Statistics

Photo Gallery

Name three Canadian
  symbols in this picture. Links

Further Information

Editorials

Author Information

Feedback

Search this
website:

 

Tonnes of air pollution and GHGs avoided in Canada by nuclear power in September 2006:

Click here for more monthly and annual summaries (aussi disponible en français).

Introduction and Disclaimer

This website, established in April 1996, is an unofficial and privately-maintained list of Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ's) regarding CANDU reactors and nuclear power generation in Canada. It is designed to meet general as well as technical interest needs. The FAQ's and their answers are compiled by the author, and do not necessarily represent the official views of Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. (AECL), the Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS), nor any other component of the Canadian nuclear industry.

The information given here is in the public domain, and assumes some general knowledge of nuclear technology. It is meant to complement the wealth of nuclear-related information already on the Web. For example, good introductions to nuclear power in general can be found in John McCarthy's Nuclear Energy FAQ or Joseph Gonyeau's Virtual Nuclear Tourist. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab's excellent ABCs of Nuclear Science and Particle Adventure websites summarize the physics of radioactive decay and subatomic particle theory. Other relevant links can be found in Section J: Further Information.

Contributions (questions and/or answers) and comments are welcome. Please send to the author, Dr. Jeremy Whitlock, at whitlockj@aecl.ca. Text is copyrighted by Jeremy Whitlock, but can be quoted if properly credited to the author. Unless noted otherwise, images are from public literature published by AECL, Ontario Power Generation Inc. (formerly Ontario Hydro), and other members of the Canadian nuclear industry.

Explanation of graphics on this page: The header graphic at top right shows symbolically a maple leaf superimposed over a CANDU containment building on the shore of a Canadian waterway (there are no cooling towers used with Canadian power reactors). This logo was used by the Annual Conference of the Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS) in 1990 and every year since 2002. The main graphic above depicts a beaver with the Canadian flag upon a CANDU fuel bundle – three symbols of Canadian industriousness and pride. The CANDU fuel bundle pictured weighs 23 kg, is about the size of a fire log, and produces enough electricity to power 100 average Canadian homes for a year. A CANDU reactor contains several thousands of similar-looking bundles.

 www.nuclearfaq.ca 
[Home] [NEW] [Contents] [Statistics] [Graphics] [Links] [More Info] [Editorials] [Author Info] [Feedback]
MAIN INDEX
[A. CANDU Technology] [B. The Industry] [C. Cost/Benefit] [D. Safety/Liability] [E. Waste] [F. Security/Non-Proliferation] [G. Uranium] [H. Research Reactors] [I. Other R&D] [J. Further Info]

Search this
website:

(Click on blue arrow to go to top of each section)
 

A.  

CANDU Nuclear Power Technology    Go to top of this section

A.1 What does "CANDU" mean?
A.2 What are the distinguishing characteristics of CANDU reactors?
A.3 What is "heavy water"?
A.4 How does a CANDU reactor refuel on-power?
A.5 How is fission energy converted to electrical energy in CANDU plants?
A.6 How many different CANDU designs are there?
A.7 How do CANDU reactors rank in performance against other designs?
A.8 How do CANDU reactors achieve high neutron economy?
A.9 What fuel cycles can CANDU reactors adapt to?
A.10 What is CANFLEX fuel?
A.11 What is AECL's next-generation "Advanced CANDU Reactor (ACR)?"
A.12 How are CANDU reactors controlled?
A.13 How is core refurbishment part of CANDU life management?
  

B.

The Nuclear Industry in Canada    Go to top of this section

B.1 Why did Canada develop its own, quite different, reactor design?
B.2 How much nuclear electricity is produced in Canada?
B.3 Where is nuclear power generated in Canada?
B.4 How many CANDU reactors are there in the world?
B.5 Is nuclear power being privatized in Canada?
B.6 How are CANDU reactor exports financed?
B.7 Who are the members of the Canadian nuclear industry?
B.8 What was Canada's first nuclear power plant?
B.9 Why were seven CANDU reactors shut down for refurbishment in 1998?
B.10 How did Ontario's reactors respond to the August 14, 2003 blackout?
B.11 What was Canada's first commercial-scale nuclear power plant?
  

C.

Cost and Benefits    Go to top of this section

C.1 How do the economic benefits of nuclear power compare to other sources in Canada?
C.2 How do the economic benefits of nuclear power compare to the people's investment?
C.3 What are the environmental benefits of nuclear power in Canada?
C.4 Why are CANDU units favourable for developing economies?
C.5 How are CANDU reactors well-suited to a hydrogen-fuel economy?
C.6 How are CANDU reactors well-suited to oil extraction from the "oil sands" of western Canada?
C.7 Why was the cost of Ontario's Darlington plant so high?
C.8 Who said that nuclear electricity would be "too cheap to meter"?
C.9 How many recent CANDU plants have been built on time and budget?
  

D.

Safety and Liability    Go to top of this section

D.1 Why is the CANDU design one of the safest in the world?
D.2 What are the CANDU safety systems?
D.3 Why do CANDU reactors have a "positive void coefficient"?
D.4 How do CANDU reactors meet high safety standards, despite having a "positive void coefficient"?
D.5 Are CANDU reactors similar to the Chornobyl design?
D.6 What are the observed health effects of the Chornobyl accident?
D.7 What kind of third-party liability regime exists in Canada?
D.8 What are the details of the accident at Chalk River's NRX reactor in 1952?
D.9 What are the details of the accident at Chalk River's NRU reactor in 1958?
D.10 How does Ontario Power Generation manage tritium production in its CANDU moderators?
D.11 How much radiation do nuclear plants expose the Canadian public to?
D.12 How is nuclear technology regulated in Canada?
  

E.

Waste Management    Go to top of this section

E.1 How is high-level nuclear waste managed in Canada?
E.2 What does Nature tell us about nuclear waste disposal?
E.3 How is low-level radioactive waste managed in Canada?
  

F.

Security and Non-Proliferation    Go to top of this section

F.1 Can the CANDU reactor be used to burn weapons-grade Plutonium (as MOX)?
F.2 Did India use a CANDU reactor in the 1970's to make an atomic bomb?
F.3 What is the relevance of Canadian technology to India's recent nuclear weapons tests?
F.4 How easily can an atomic bomb be made with spent CANDU fuel?
F.5 Can uranium from dismantled warheads be used as fuel in power reactors?
F.6 How are nuclear plants protected from terrorist attacks?
  

G.

Uranium    Go to top of this section

G.1 How much uranium does Canada produce?
G.2 How is uranium ore processed into CANDU fuel?
G.3 In what minerals do uranium and thorium occur?
G.4 How much longer will the world's uranium reserves last?
  

H.

Research Reactors    Go to top of this section

H.1 How many research reactors are operating in Canada?
H.2 What are neutron "beams" used for?
H.3 What is MAPLE technology?
H.4 What is the Canadian Neutron Centre (CNC)?
H.5 What is the SLOWPOKE reactor?
  

I.

Other Research and Development    Go to top of this section

I.1 What is the "Nuclear Battery"?
I.2 What is the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)?
I.3 What is Canada's role in nuclear medicine and isotope production?
I.4 What is "Food Irradiation"?
I.5 What is the status of fusion research in Canada?
  

J.

Further Information    Go to top of this section

J.1 Where can I find more information?
J.2 Summary of images found in this FAQ page
J.3 Relevant Links
  
 

Editorials by the Author

Search this
website:

 www.nuclearfaq.ca 
.
StudyWeb Award
Nuclear InfoRing logo
Join the ring?
This Nuclear InfoRing site owned by Dr. Jeremy Whitlock.
[Previous 5 Sites |Previous | Next | Next 5 Sites ]

[ Random Site | List Sites ]


Click for wider shot

About the Author

Dr. Jeremy Whitlock grew up in the Ottawa Valley, Canada's heartland for nuclear research and stepdancing. He is a reactor physicist at Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.'s (AECL) Chalk River Laboratories, a Past President of the Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS) and a member of the Board of Directors of both the CNS and American Nuclear Society (ANS). He has a PhD in Engineering Physics from McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario), with a specialty in CANDU reactor physics. Dr. Whitlock's current professional involvement is Non-Proliferation and Safeguards at AECL. His leisure interests include the Petawawa Legion Community Band, the Deep River Players, canoeing, cross-country skiing, geology and history. Dr. Whitlock is a public speaker and author on nuclear issues (including a regular column in the Bulletin of the Canadian Nuclear Society), as well as the art of effective public communication in science and technology. Since April 1996 he has maintained The Canadian Nuclear FAQ, a website of "Frequently-Asked Questions" (FAQs) on Canadian nuclear science and technology. In 1999 Dr. Whitlock received the Education and Communication Award from the Canadian Nuclear Society, partly for his work on this website. Dr. Whitlock lives with his wife and three children in Deep River, Ontario, and feels that canoes are the closest Mankind has come to inventing a perfect machine.

[Home] [NEW] [Contents] [Statistics] [Graphics] [Links] [More Info] [Editorials] [Author Info] [Feedback]

The number of visits to this site since April 24, 1996:
©2006 Jeremy Whitlock