Traffic Court is part of the Provincial Court of Alberta. It deals with offences (commonly referred to as provincial offences) under many provincial statutes, municipal by-laws and a few federal statutes. Traffic Court does not deal with charges under most federal statutes, including the Criminal Code.

Trials in Traffic Court are generally heard by a sitting justice of the peace (usually referred to as a Traffic Commissioner). However, Provincial Court judges hear trials at some locations in the province. A Provincial Court judge should be addressed in court as Your Honour, and a Traffic Commissioner, as Your Worship.