Biotechnology in industrial sectors

This section covers industrial sectors which are recognized as generating the bulk of industrial pollution and which play a very large role in the industrial world's manufacturing (a third to half, depending on whether the measure chosen is value added, employment, or exports). They are: chemicals, textiles and leather, food and animal feed, pulp and paper, the energy industry and metals and minerals. These sectors have begun to use biotechnological processes, either at pilot scale or in full industrial operation, thereby cutting down on waste, materials and energy.