Cryptography

Building Trust Infrastructure

Secure electronic transactions can be provided through the use of cryptographic technologies and certification authorities. These authorities, by binding parties to their respective digital signatures, provide authentication as to the identity of the transacting parties. Cryptographic technologies also provide for the integrity and confidentiality of the messages that are exchanged, and ensure that neither party to the transaction can deny its participation in the exchange of information (otherwise known as non-repudiation). The benefits of cryptography for electronic commerce, privacy protection and crime prevention are clear. It is equally true that cryptographic technologies can be used to hide criminal activity and to threaten national security. Investigations, prosecutions, and the enforcement of laws and regulations could be hampered without lawful access to the evidence of illegal activity.

Canada does not restrict the freedom of choice of individuals or businesses to import or use cryptography. Users are free to determine what kinds of authentication and encryption products and services they need. Canada controls the export of cryptography along with 32 other nations that are members of the Wassenaar Arrangement, which stipulates which products require export permits and which do not.

Canadian cryptography policy is under review to ensure that it contributes to the realisation of Canada's goal to be a leader in the use of electronic commerce, and to ensure that it reflects an appropriate balance among business, human rights and privacy interests, public safety and law enforcement, and national security interests. A discussion paper, A Cryptography Policy Framework for Electronic Commerce, is available.

The policy provides greater certainty for the business community, more confidence for consumers and support for law enforcement and national security.

Documents Related to Cryptography

• Government of Canada's Public Key Infrastructure
• Minister Manley Outlines Canadian Cryptography Policy
• Canada Moves to Promote E-Commerce
• Speaking Notes - Minister Manley on Canada's Cryptography Policy
• Gazette Notice IPPB-003-98
• Backgrounder: Public Discussion Paper on Setting a Cryptography Policy Framework for Canada
• Summary of Canada's Cryptography Policy