• Are there any cracks or is there damage to concrete walls or floors?
• Are there any damp spots, stains, efflorescence (white, chalky stains) or blistered paint on the concrete, finished walls or floors?
• Does anyone notice bad smells or experience nausea or headaches when in the basement?
• Is there high humidity, any condensation or visible mold?

• Repair minor cracks if they leak. Seek an engineer’s opinion on serious structural problems such as major or expanding cracks, bowed walls or uneven floors.
• Clean up mold; discard moldy or rotting materials.
• Ensure that the floor drain has a trap or install a retrofit backflow preventer. Make sure that all plumbing fixtures (including washer) are vented and have traps. Install a sealed cover on the sump pit.
• Direct outside surface water away from the foundation. Improve underground drainage.
• Repair or replace damaged interior finishes.
• Keep the relative humidity between 30 and 55%. Ventilate and circulate air. Dehumidify or air condition in summer. Clean up mold according to CMHC guidelines.

• Serious structural problems could cause further damage or collapse.
• Water pressure on the outside of the foundation can contribute to leaks and structural problems.
• Odours will continue to be annoying and can pose health problems, depending on the source.
• Unresolved water sources will cause renovations to deteriorate quickly, whether the water comes from building leaks, plumbing leaks or high humidity.
• Mold can grow on almost anything and be a source of serious indoor air quality (IAQ) problems.

• Are there any headroom problems?
• Are there signs of rot, sagging floor joists or twisted beams?
• Are there water stains on the main floor structure or basement finished ceiling?

• Assess structural problems carefully. Expert help may be required. Repair or replace structural elements so they will accommodate renovation plans and expected loads.
• Fix any water leaks.

• Unresolved structural problems, poorly planned structural changes or new loads may cause future settling or collapse.

• Are there unusually high heating or cooling bills?
• Are mechanical systems capable of supplying current and future needs?
• Is the house too dry or too humid? Is the heat uneven?
• Is there ever a noticeable smoky or fuel smell?
• Is the electrical service and wiring capable of supplying current and future needs?
• Do fuses keep blowing or circuit breakers keep shutting off?
• Are there any exposed electrical wires or crumbled wire insulation?
• Do any lights dim or outlets spark?
• Are there leaks from pipes, taps, toilets or the water heater?

• Have a qualified service company inspect your heating system to ensure that equipment is up-to-date, functioning properly and sized to handle current and future needs.
• Air seal the house to keep it from becoming too dry. Use a humidifier (that has a humidistat) as required. Provide ventilation using exhaust fans or a heat recovery ventilator to reduce humidity in winter. Dehumidify or air condition to reduce the humidity in summer. Check for heat flow to each room.
• Repair any sources of smoky or fuel smells immediately. The smells could indicate serious fire or health hazards.
• Have an electrician assess the electrical systems and any problems such as fuses blowing repeatedly, sparking outlets, exposed wires or connections.
• Repair any water leaks. Repair or replace leaky fixtures.

• Without regular service, heating systems may gradually deteriorate unnoticed, leading to serious health and safety concerns.
• Problems can arise if HVAC needs cannot be met by the capacity of the services available. The heating supply must be enough for comfort. Proper ventilation is needed to control excess humidity.
• Electrical service, wiring and outlets may be unsafe or inadequate for increased loads.
• Plumbing leaks will continue to damage the finishes and the house structure. The leaks may also contribute to mold growth and IAQ problems.

• Are floors or stairs springy, sagging, warped or squeaky?
• Are floor surfaces damaged or carpets musty?
• Are handrails or guardrails loose?

• Assess the supports underneath the floor. Contact a carpenter for help. Repair as needed.
• Refasten or shim squeaking floors or stairs.
• Repair serious safety hazards immediately such as damaged floors or stair boards and loose coverings.
• Replace damaged flooring. Eliminate moisture sources.
• Repair loose handrails or guardrails.

• Damaged or uneven floors and stairs may be unsafe.
• Musty carpets are usually a source of mold.
• Loose handrails or guardrails are a safety hazard.

• Is there any water seepage around fixtures or condensation on windows or toilets?
• Are floors damaged around bathtubs or showers?

• Repair or replace leaky fixtures.
• Repair or replace damaged flooring.
• Provide proper ventilation to reduce humidity, indoor pollutants and stale air.

• Leaks will continue to cause damage.
• Excess humidity will continue to cause damage, may cause mold growth and affect the IAQ.

• Do walls and ceilings have any cracks, holes, bulges, water stains or peeling finishes?
• Do any doors or windows bind or stick?
• Are any windows drafty, broken, operating poorly or is there moisture between panes?
• Are there water stains or rot on windows or walls?

• Repair any holes. Eliminate moisture sources that cause bulges, water stains or peeling finishes.
• Assess cracks, binding doors or stuck windows for changes in moisture levels or structural movement. Repair or replace as required.
• Replace broken windowpanes and poorly operating hardware. Replace sealed unit windows that have broken seals or rot.
• Replace rotted wall materials. Eliminate moisture sources.

• If the problem sources are not fixed, the bulges, cracks or binding will re-occur.
• Hiding moisture damage behind new finishes will cause continuing deterioration and mold growth.
• Faulty windows will eventually result in damage to surrounding wall areas.

• Are there water stains or excessive dampness?
• Is there black mold on any of the roof framing or sheathing?
• Is the attic adequately ventilated?
• Are there air leaks in the ceiling of the rooms below the attic? Is the attic hatch sealed?

• Find moisture sources. Repair roof leaks. Air-seal the ceiling using polyethylene sheeting, sealed over octagonal boxes for lights, caulk holes for wires through sheeting or wall top plates and weatherstrip attic hatches.
• Ventilate the attic at the soffits and roof peak.
• Seal any air leaks in the ceiling of the rooms below the attic. Install a sealed attic hatch.

• Moisture damage will continue to deteriorate the house. Unventilated attics will allow moisture to build up.
• Air leaks in ceilings below the attic will reduce heating efficiency and can be sources of odours and pollutants.

• Does the roof have any curled or cracked shingles, bare patches, leaks, moss, or damaged flashing?
• Do eavestroughs and downspouts direct water away from the foundation?

• Repair or replace damaged roofing.
• Clean leaves and debris from eavestroughs every spring and fall. Extend downspouts to direct rainwater away from the foundation.

• Roofing will continue to deteriorate.
• Surface water near the house can put undue stress on the foundation and is a primary cause of water entry problems.

• Is there any blistered paint, rotted wood, buckled siding, stained or crumbled brick or damaged stucco on exterior walls?

• Find and eliminate the source of water penetration. Repair or replace damaged exterior finishes.

• Water penetration may lead to more serious siding, structural and interior finish problems.

Rewards

• Undertaking maintenance and repair projects such as correcting structural flaws, fixing leaks and making sure that all services are safe and adequate will make your home safer, more efficient and more durable.
• After you have ensured safety, efficiency and durability, other renovations can be done to make your home more pleasant, attractive and suited to your lifestyle.

Skills to Do the Job

You can assess most of your house with the help of one of CMHC’s inspection checklists. Professional home inspectors are also available to do a thorough inspection for you.

Repairing serious structural, mechanical or electrical problems will require the help of an expert.