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Softwood Lumber |
The Canada-U.S. Softwood Lumber Agreement
Introduction
The Government of Canada worked closely with provinces and industry stakeholders
throughout the softwood lumber dispute to secure a durable agreement with
the United States that:
-
promotes a stable bilateral trade environment in which Canadian
softwood lumber exporters and industries can prosper;
-
sees the return of most of the duties collected on softwood lumber;
and
-
maximizes the benefits to the Canadian industry and to its workers
and communities.
On July 1, 2006, Canada and the United States initialled a legal text
on softwood lumber that meets these objectives.
Subsequently, on September 12, 2006, Canada and the United States signed
an agreement that achieves these objectives. Since then, Canada has taken
concrete steps to implement this important bilateral agreement.
On September 18, a Notice of Ways and Means Motion was tabled in the
House of Commons to implement Canada's commitments under the Softwood
Lumber Agreement.
Bill
C-24, the legislation to implement the Agreement, was then introduced
in Parliament on September 20, 2006.
The following text offers a brief summary of key elements of the Agreement.
Highlights
Highlights of the Agreement include:
-
the revocation of the U.S. countervailing and anti-dumping duty
orders;
-
the return of over US$4.5 billion in duties collected by the United
States since 2002 through a deposits refund mechanism that will ensure
companies receive refunds within four to eight weeks of entry into
force of the Agreement;
-
the safeguarding of the provinces’ ability to manage their
forest resources;
-
a choice for provinces of the border measure that best addresses
their individual economic and commercial situations;
-
a provision ensuring that revenues from the border measures will
stay in Canada; and
-
a range of initiatives to enhance binational cooperation and the
development of the North American lumber industry.
Scope and Duration
The Agreement provides details on which softwood lumber products will
be subject to border measures.
The Agreement will be for a term of seven years with an option to renew
for two additional years.
Principal Terms of the Agreement
Orders, Deposits and Refunds
Upon entry into force of the Agreement, countervailing and anti-dumping
duty orders on Canadian softwood lumber will be fully and completely revoked.
The Agreement will return more than US$4.5 billion to Canadian exporters.
-
Canada has developed a mechanism for returning deposits that will
accelerate payments to Canadian exporters.
-
Canadian exporters will get a significant proportion of their deposits
returned within four to eight weeks of the entry into force of the
Agreement.
-
These accelerated refunds will provide an immediate cash infusion
to the industry.
-
In order to ensure equity to all companies benefiting from the Agreement,
a special charge will be imposed on all duty refunds.
-
Companies that participate in the deposit refund mechanism will
be deemed to have already met obligations under the charge.
No New Cases
The U.S. government will not initiate any anti-dumping or countervailing
duty investigations on Canadian softwood lumber exports and will dismiss
any petition, trade action or investigations with respect to Canadian
softwood lumber. In addition, a 12-month standstill on U.S. trade remedy
actions will take effect upon the expiry of the agreement.
Border Measures
Canadian softwood lumber exporters will pay an export charge when the
price of lumber is at or below US$355 per thousand board feet (MBF).
Canadian regions (the B.C. coast, the B.C. interior, Alberta, Saskatchewan,
Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec) can operate under either of the following
two export charge regimes for periods of three years:
- Option A: an export charge with the charge varying with price; or
- Option B: an export charge plus volume restraint, where both the rate
and volume restraint vary with the price.
Export charge revenues collected by the Government of Canada will be
distributed to the provinces.
Price per thousand board feet |
Option A –Export Charge (%) |
Option B – Export Charge plus Volume
Restraint** |
Over US$355 |
0 |
0 |
US$336-355 |
5 |
2.5% + regional share of 34% of U.S. Consumption |
US$316-335 |
10 |
3% + regional share of 32% of U.S. Consumption |
US$315 or under |
15 |
5% + regional share of 30% of U.S. Consumption |
To preserve Canada’s share of the U.S. market and to address increases
in third country share of the U.S. market, the Government of Canada will
retroactively refund export charges (up to the equivalent of a 5 percent
charge) if:
- third country share of the U.S. market increases by 20 percent;
- Canadian market share decreases; and
- U.S. domestic producers’ market share increases.
This provision will not apply to any region that has triggered the surge
mechanism.
Surge Mechanism
Each province will be allocated a share of exports based on its historic
share of the U.S. market. If shipments from a province in a month exceed
110 percent of its base allocation, then the export charge on shipments
from that province during that month will be increased by 50 percent.
For example, if there is a 10 percent export charge during that month,
then the export charge would be increased to 15 percent.
Export Charge Exemptions
Softwood lumber products that are valued at more than US$500 MBF will
be charged as if their value were no more than US$500 MBF.
Exclusions
Border measure will not apply to softwood lumber exports that are:
-
produced in the Atlantic provinces from logs harvested in the Atlantic
provinces or the state of Maine, the origin of which is certified
under the Maritime Lumber Bureau Certificate of Origin;
-
from logs harvested and produced in the Yukon, Northwest Territories
or Nunavut;
-
from 32 companies previously found by U.S. authorities not to benefit
from the alleged subsidies; these include all the Quebec border mills.
Policy Exits
The governments of Canada and the United States, in consultation with
the provinces, will work to develop criteria for determining whether a
region’s timber pricing and forest management systems could qualify
for exemption from border measures.
Termination Clause
Either party may, at any time after the Agreement has been in effect
for 18 months, terminate by providing six months’ notice. However,
the Agreement requires a 12-month standstill on trade remedy action should
either party terminate the Agreement. This is in addition to the 12-month
standstill on U.S. trade remedy action upon expiry of the Agreement.
Dispute Settlement
Disputes relating to the Agreement will be resolved through a final and
binding dispute settlement process.
The process will be neutral, transparent and expeditious. Panellists
will be non-North American commercial arbitrators.
Other Clauses
The parties have also agreed to:
-
terminate all litigation before the entry into force of the Agreement;
-
abide by anti-circumvention provisions, that is, neither party will
take action to circumvent commitments set out in the Agreement.
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