CANADA SHIPPING ACT

Load Line Rules for Lakes and Rivers

CRC, Vol. XVI, c. 1442

• Short Title
• Interpretation
• Application
• General
• Conditions of Assignment
• Assignment of Freeboard
• Load Line Marks
• Application for a Certificate
• General Provisions Respecting Certificates
• Verification of Load Line Marks
• Surveys and Inspections
• Inspectors' Reports and Records
• Powers of Port Wardens
• Limits of Submergence
• SCHEDULE I
• TABLE - TABLEAU
• Part I
• TABLE - TABLEAU
• Part II
• TABLE
• TABLE-TABLEAU
• Part III
• Part IV
• Part V
• Part VI
• SCHEDULE II
• Established by the CONSOLIDATED REGULATIONS OF CANADA, 1978.

CANADA SHIPPING ACT

Load Line Rules for Lakes and Rivers

RULES RESPECTING LOAD LINES FOR SHIPS

MAKING VOYAGES ON LAKES OR RIVERS

Short Title

1. These Rules may be cited as the Load Line Rules for Lakes and Rivers.

Interpretation

2. In these Rules,

"Act"

« Loi »

"Act" means the Canada Shipping Act; 

"certificate"

« certificat »

"certificate" means a certificate issued pursuant to section 415 of the Act; 

"freeboard"

« franc-bord »

"freeboard" means a distance that is calculated in respect of a ship in accordance with these Rules and measured vertically downwards from a position coinciding with the midpoint of the upper edge of the deck line; 

"inspector"

« inspecteur »

"inspector" means a steamship inspector appointed pursuant to section 366 of the Act; 

"sailing ship"

« voilier »

"sailing ship" includes every ship provided with sufficient sail area for navigation under sails alone, whether or not fitted with mechanical means of propulsions; 

"steamship"

« navire à vapeur »

"steamship" includes

(a) every ship that has sufficient mechanical means for propulsion, and does not have sufficient sail area for navigation by sails alone, and

(b) every lighter, barge or other ship that is towed and does not have independent means of propulsion; 

"tanker"

« navire-citerne »

"tanker" includes a steamship specially constructed for the carriage of liquid cargoes in bulk; 

"1930 Convention"

« Convention de 1930 »

"1930 Convention" means the International Load Line Convention, 1930; 

"1966 Convention"

« Convention de 1966 »

"1966 Convention" means the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966; 

Application

3. (1) Subject to subsection (2), these Rules apply to every ship of 150 tons, gross tonnage or more, carrying passenger or cargo that is

(a) a Canadian ship making an inland voyage, or

(b) any ship making a voyage on the inland waters of Canada,

and the keel of which was laid or the construction of the hull of which was commenced before the coming into force of section 436 of the Act.

(2) These Rules do not apply to

(a) a ship of war, a fishing vessel or a pleasure yacht;

(b) a ship in respect of which a request is made, by or on behalf of the owner, for the application to that ship of the Load Line Regulations (Inland);

(c) a ship that is

(i) marked with the load line marks described in the Load Line Regulations (Sea) or the General Load Line Rules, and

(ii) assigned freeboards in accordance with the Load Line Regulations (Sea), the General Load Line Rules, or equivalent regulations made under the laws of a country that is a party to the 1966 Convention or the 1930 Convention;

(d) a ship making

(i) a minor waters voyage, Class II, or

(ii) a voyage on any lake the open waters of which do not exceed 25 nautical miles in length and 5 nautical miles in breadth; or

(e) a ship without means of self-propulsion that is making a voyage from a place in Canada to another place in Canada and that does not carry passengers or crew.

General

4. Notwithstanding anything in these Rules, a freeboard may be assigned to a ship that is greater than the minimum freeboard for the ship as determined by these Rules.

Conditions of Assignment

5. The conditions of assignment for the purposes of Part VIII of the Act are set out in Part I of Schedule I.

Assignment of Freeboard

6. Subject to section 9, a steamship other than a sailing ship or a tanker shall be assigned freeboards in accordance with Part II of Schedule I.

7. A tanker shall be assigned freeboards in accordance with Part III of Schedule I.

8. A sailing ship shall be assigned freeboards in accordance with Part IV of Schedule I.

9. Sandsuckers, open hopper barges and other ships of special design that cannot be assigned freeboards by the direct application of these Rules shall be assigned freeboards based on the individual consideration of each ship, and no such ship shall be marked and no load line certificate shall be issued to it until the Board approves the freeboard to be assigned to the ship.

Load Line Marks

10. (1) Every ship that is assigned freeboards in accordance with these Rules shall be marked in accordance with Part V of Schedule I.

(2) The position of each load line marked on a ship shall be such that the distance measured vertically from the upper edge of the deck line to the upper edge of the load line is equal to the freeboard assigned to the ship where that freeboard is appropriate to that load line.

Application for a Certificate

11. Every owner of a ship who applies to the Chairman for the issue or renewal of a certificate shall

(a) apply in writing;

(b) submit such plans and information as the Chairman may require; and

(c) provide facilities that, in the opinion of an inspector, are sufficient for the purpose of surveying the ship.

General Provisions Respecting Certificates

12. Every certificate shall be in the form set out in Schedule II.

13. A certified copy shall be made of every certificate and, where any endorsement is made on the certificate, an identical endorsement shall be made thereafter on the certified copy.

Verification of Load Line Marks

14. A certificate shall not be delivered to a ship until the inspector has certified on his report that the load line marks are correctly and permanently indicated on the ship's sides.

Surveys and Inspections

15. (1) Every survey of a ship that is made prior to the issue or renewal of a certificate in respect of the ship shall consist of a complete survey of its structure, equipment, arrangements, materials and scantlings to ensure that the ship complies fully with the conditions of assignment of freeboard for that ship and that the load line marks correspond with the assigned freeboards.

(2) Every periodical inspection of a ship that is made after the issue of a certificate in respect of the ship shall consist of an inspection to ensure that

(a) no material alterations have taken place in the hull or superstructures of the ship that would affect the calculations determining the positions of the load lines; and

(b) the fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard rails, the freeing ports and the means of access to the crew's quarters have been maintained in as effective a condition as they were in when the certificate was issued.

(3) When a periodical inspection is made of a ship and the inspector is satisfied that the ship meets the requirements set out in paragraphs (2)(a) and (b), he shall endorse the certificate to that effect in the space provided therefor.

(4) When a survey or inspection referred to in this section is made, the owner of the ship shall pay the appropriate fee set out in the Board of Steamship Inspection Scale of Fees.

Inspectors' Reports and Records

16. (1) When a survey referred to in subsection 15(1) is completed, the inspector who made the survey shall forward to the Chairman

(a) a report stating the result of the survey, and

(b) a record of all the details of the survey or, in the case of a ship that has been previously surveyed, any amendments to the record.

(2) The Chairman shall, upon assigning freeboards to a ship, return a copy of the record to the owner of the ship who shall place it on board the ship in the custody of the master.

(3) When a periodical inspection referred to in subsection 15(2) is completed, the inspector shall forward to the Chairman a report stating the result of the inspection.

Powers of Port Wardens

17. A port warden may go on board any ship to determine whether a certificate is on board the ship and if a certificate is on board, may

(a) take such measurements as are necessary to determine whether the ship is loaded beyond the limit of submergence specified on the certificate; and

(b) determine whether the positions of the load line marks correspond to the positions specified for those marks on the certificate.

Limits of Submergence

18. The maximum depth to which a ship may be loaded is described in Part VI of Schedule I.

SCHEDULE I

(s.s. 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 18)

FREEBOARD AND MARKINGS

Interpretation

1. (1) In this Schedule,

 
"amidships"

« milieu du navire »

"amidships" means the middle of the length of the summer load water line as defined in subsection (2); 

"Assigning Authority"

« autorité habilitée »

"Assigning Authority" means the Chairman or a classification society authorized pursuant to Section 421 of the Act; 

"flush deck ship"

« navire à pont ras »

"flush deck ship" means a ship that has no superstructure on the freeboard deck; 

"freeboard deck"

« pont de franc-bord »

"freeboard deck" means the uppermost complete deck having permanent means of closing all openings in weather portions of the deck in accordance with section 3 to 10 of this Schedule and, in flush deck ships and ships with detached superstructures, means the upper deck; in ships having discontinuous freeboard decks within superstructures that are not intact, or that are not fitted with Class I closing appliances, the lowest line of the deck below the superstructure deck shall be deemed to be the freeboard deck; 

"superstructure"

« superstructure »

"superstructure" means a decked structure on the freeboard deck extending from side to side of a ship and includes a raised quarter deck;

"superstructure deck"

« pont de superstructure »

"superstructure deck" means the deck forming the top of a superstructure; 

"surveyor"

« visiteur »

"surveyor" means an inspector or a person authorized by an Assigning Authority to conduct surveys; 

"tanker freeboard"

« franc-bord de navire-citerne »

"tanker freeboard" means a freeboard assigned under Part III of this Schedule. 

(2) The length (L) for the purposes of these Rules is the length in metres on the summer load water line from the foreside of the stem to the afterside of the rudder post; where there is no rudder post, the length is to be measured from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock; for ships with cruiser sterns, the length shall be taken as 96 per cent of the length on the designed summer load water line or as the length from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock if that be the greater.

(3) The breadth (B) for the purposes of these Rules is the maximum breadth in metres amidships measured to the moulded line of the frame in iron or steel ships, and to the outside of the planking in wood or composite ships.

(4) The moulded depth is the vertical distance in metres, measured amidships, from the top of the keel to the top of the freeboard deck beam at side; in wood or composite ships the distance is measured from the lower edge of the keel rabbet; where the form at the lower part of the midship section is of a hollow character, or where thick garboards are fitted, the depth is measured from the point where the line of the flat of the bottom continued inwards cuts the side of the keel.

(5) The depth (D) for the purposes of these Rules is

(a) the moulded depth plus the thickness of the stringer plate or plus

T(L-S)
_____

L

if that be greater, where T is the mean thickness of the exposed deck clear of deck openings, and S is the total length of superstructures as defined in subsection (9);

(b) where the topsides are of unusual form, D is the depth of a midship section having vertical topsides, standard round of beam and area of topside section equal to that in the actual midship section; where there is a step or break in the topsides (e.g., in the turret deckship) 70 per cent of the area above the step or break is included in the area used to determine the equivalent section; and

(c) in a ship without an enclosed superstructure covering at least 0.6L amidships, without a complete trunk or without a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk extending all fore and aft, the depth to be used with the table set out in section 48 of this Schedule shall not be less than

L
--
15

in ships below 106.7 m in length, or less than that shown in the following table for lengths of 106.7 m and above; the minimum depths at intermediate lengths are to be obtained by interpolation.

(6) The coefficient of fineness (c) for the purposes of these Rules is given by the formula

where D is the volume in cubic metres of the ship's moulded displacement (excluding bossing) at a mean moulded draught d which is 85 per cent of the moulded depth; and where the coefficient (c) is not taken as less than 0.68.

(7) The height of a superstructure is the least vertical height measured from the top of the superstructure deck to the top of the freeboard deck beams minus the difference between the moulded depth and D.

(8) The standard height of a raised quarter deck is 0.91 m for ships up to and including 30.5 m in length, 1.22 m for ships 76.2 m in length, and 1.83 m for ships 121.9 m in length and above; the standard height of any other superstructure or of a trunk is 1.83 m for ship up to and including 76.2 m in length, and 2.29 m for ships 121.9 m in length and above; the standard height at intermediate lengths is obtained by interpolation.

(9) The length of a superstructure (S) is the mean covered length of the parts of the superstructure that extend to the sides of the ship and lie within lines drawn perpendicular to the extremities of the summer load water line, as defined in subsection (2).

(10) A detached superstructure is regarded as enclosed only where

(a) the enclosing bulkheads are of efficient construction as required by subsection (11);

(b) the access openings in the enclosing bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances;

(c) all other openings in sides or ends of the superstructure are fitted with efficient weathertight means of closing; and

(d) independent means of access to crew, machinery, bunker and other working spaces within bridges and poops are at all times available when the bulkhead openings are closed.

(11) Bulkheads at exposed ends of poops, bridges and forecastles are deemed to be of efficient construction where the Assigning Authority is satisfied that, in the circumstances, they are equivalent to the following standard for ships with minimum freeboards, under which standard the stiffeners and plating are of the scantlings given in the table hereinafter contained, the stiffeners are spaced 760 mm apart, the stiffeners on poop and bridge front bulkheads have efficient end connections, and those on after bulkheads of bridges and forecastles extend for the whole distance between the margin angles of the bulkheads.

(12) Class 1 closing appliances are constructed of iron or steel, are in all cases permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead, are framed, stiffened and fitted so that the whole structure is of equivalent strength to the unpierced bulkhead and are weathertight when closed; the means for securing these appliances is permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the appliances and the latter is so arranged that they can be closed and secured from both sides of the bulkhead or from the deck above; the sills of the access openings are at least 305 mm above the deck.

(13) Class 2 closing appliances include the following:

(a) strongly framed hardwood hinged doors, which are not more than 760 mm wide or less than 50 mm thick;

(b) shifting boards fitted for the full height of the openings in channels riveted to the bulkheads, the shifting boards being at least 50 mm thick where the width of opening is 760 mm or less, and increased in thickness at the rate of 25 mm for each additional 380 mm of width; or

(c) portable plates of equal efficiency with the appliances specified in paragraphs (a) or (b).

TABLE - TABLEAU

EXPOSED BULKHEADS OF SUPERSTRUCTURE OF STANDARD HEIGHT

CLOISONS EXPOSÉES DES SUPERSTRUCTURES DE
HAUTEUR RÉGLEMENTAIRE
 

(14) Temporary closing appliances for middle line openings in the deck of an enclosed superstructure shall be regarded as efficient when they consist of

(a) a steel coaming not less than 230 mm in height efficiently riveted to the deck;

(b) wood hatchway covers, as described in section 5 of this Schedule, secured by hemp lashings; and

(c) hatchway supports as required by sections 6 and 7 of this Schedule.

(15) A trunk or similar structure that does not extend to the sides of the ship shall be regarded as efficient, provided that

(a) the trunk is at least as strong as a superstructure;

(b) the hatchways are in the trunk deck and comply with the requirements of sections 3 to 10 of this Schedule, and the width of the trunk deck stringer provides satisfactory gangway and sufficient lateral stiffness;

(c) a permanent working platform fore and aft fitted with guardrails is provided by the trunk deck or by detached trunks connected to other superstructures by efficient permanent gangways;

(d) ventilators are protected by the trunk, by watertight covers or by equivalent means;

(e) open rails are fitted on the weather portions of the freeboard deck in way of the trunk for at least half their length; and

(f) the machinery casings are protected by the trunk, by a superstructure of standard height, or by a deck house of the same height and of equivalent strength.

(16) For the purpose of determining the effective length of detached superstructures subsections (17) to (31) apply.

(17) Where exposed bulkheads at the ends of poops, bridges and forecastles are not of efficient construction, they shall be treated as non-existent.

(18) Where in the side plating of a superstructure there is an opening not provided with permanent means of closing, the part of the superstructure in way of the opening shall be regarded as having no effective length.

(19) Where the height of a superstructure is less than the standard, its effective length shall be reduced in the ratio of the actual to the standard height; where the height exceeds the standard, no increase shall be made in the effective length of the superstructure.

(20) Where, at the end of a poop, there is an efficient bulkhead and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, the length of the poop to the bulkhead shall be the effective length.

(21) Where the access openings is an efficient bulkhead are fitted with Class 2 closing appliances and the length of the poop to the bulkhead is 0.5L or less, 100 per cent of that length shall be the effective length; where the length is 0.7L or more, 90 per cent of that length shall be the effective length; where the length is between 0.5L and 0.7L an intermediate percentage of that length shall be the effective length; but where in any of these cases an allowance is given for an efficient adjacent trunk only 90 per cent of the length to the bulkhead shall be the effective length.

(22) Fifty per cent of the length of an open poop or of an open extension of a poop beyond an efficient bulkhead shall be the effective length of the open poop or the extension, as the case may be.

(23) Where, at the end of a raised quarter deck, there is an efficient intact bulkhead, the length of the raised quarter deck to the bulkhead shall be the effective length; where the bulkhead is not intact, the superstructure shall be regarded as a poop of less than the standard height.

(24) Where, in a bridge, there is an efficient bulkhead at each end, and the access openings in the bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length.

(25) Where, in a bridge, the access openings in the forward bulkhead are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances and the access openings in the after bulkhead with Class 2 closing appliances, the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length; but where an allowance is given for an efficient trunk adjacent to the after bulkhead (see subsections (30) and (31)), 90 per cent of the length shall be the effective length; where the access openings in both bulkheads are fitted with Class 2 closing appliances 90 per cent of the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length; where the access openings in the forward bulkhead are fitted with Class 1 of Class 2 closing appliances and the access openings in the after bulkhead have no closing appliances, 75 per cent of the length between the bulkheads shall be the effective length; where the access openings in both bulkheads have no closing appliances, 50 per cent of the length shall be the effective length.

(26) Seventy-five per cent of the length of an open extension beyond the after bulkhead of a bridge, and 50 per cent of that beyond the forward bulkhead shall be the effective length.

(27) Where, at the end of a forecastle, there is an efficient bulkhead and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances, the length of the forecastle to the bulkhead shall be the effective length.

(28) Where no closing appliances are fitted and the sheer forward of amidships is not less than the standard sheer, 100 per cent of the length of a forecastle forward of 0.1L from the forward perpendicular shall be the effective length; where the sheer forward is half the standard sheer or less, 50 per cent of that length shall be the effective length; and where the sheer forward is intermediate between the standard and half the standard sheer, an intermediate percentage of that length shall be the effective length.

(29) Fifty per cent of the length of an open extension beyond the bulkhead of a forecastle or beyond 0.1L from the forward perpendicular shall be the effective length.

(30) Where access openings in poop and bridge bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, 100 per cent of the length of an efficient trunk reduced in the ratio of its mean breadth to B shall be added to the effective length of the superstructures; where the access openings in these bulkheads are not fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, 90 per cent of the length reduced as above shall be added.

(31) Where the height of the trunk is less than the standard height, the addition referred to in subsection (30) shall be reduced in the ratio of the actual to the standard height; where the height of hatchway coamings on the trunk deck is less than the height of coamings required by section 4 of this Schedule, a reduction from the actual height of trunk shall be made corresponding to the difference between the actual height of the coamings and the height required by section 4 of this Schedule.

(32) Where there is an enclosed superstructure with one or more middle line openings in the deck not provided with permanent means of closing in accordance with sections 3 to 10 of this Schedule, the effective length of the superstructure is determined as follows:

(a) where efficient temporary closing appliances are not provided for the middle line deck openings or the breadth of opening is 80 per cent or more of the breadth (B1) of the superstructure deck at the middle of the opening, the ship shall be regarded as having an open well in way of each opening, and freeing ports shall be provided in way of this well; the effective length of superstructure between openings shall be ascertained by applying subsection (20) to (22) and (24) to (29);

(b) where efficient temporary closing appliances as defined in subsection (14) are provided for middle line deck openings and the breadth of opening is less than 0.8B1, the effective length of superstructure between openings shall be ascertained by applying subsection (20) to (22) and (24) to (29) except that where access openings in 'tween deck bulkheads are closed by Class 2 closing appliances, they shall be regarded as being closed by Class 1 closing appliances; the total effective length shall be obtained by adding to the length thus determined the difference between that length and the length of the ship, modified in the ratio of

Part I

Conditions of Assignment of Freeboards

General

2. Every ship shall meet the conditions set out in sections 3 to 26 before it is assigned any freeboards.

Openings in Freeboard and Superstructure Decks

3. The construction and fitting of cargo and other hatchways in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks shall be at least equivalent to the standards laid down in sections 4 to 10.

4. (1) The height of hatchway coamings on freeboard decks shall be at least 460 mm above the deck; the height of coamings on superstructure decks shall be at least 460 mm above the deck if situated within one-quarter of the ship's length from the stem, and at least 305 mm if situated elsewhere.

(2) Coamings shall be of steel, shall be substantially constructed and, where the height of the coamings above the deck exceeds 610 mm, shall be specially stiffened to the satisfaction of the Assigning Authority.

5. Covers to exposed hatchways shall be efficient and shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) on all ships which have a length in excess of 106.7 m and which carry cargoes in bulk, the covers on exposed hatchways shall be of steel and shall comply with paragraphs (b) and (c);

(b) solid steel covers shall be stiffened by stiffeners spaced not more than 1 070 mm apart, these stiffeners being not less effective than would be provided by steel sections riveted or welded to the plate and having a section modulus in centimetres cubed not less than that obtained from the formula

 I
--- = S x L² x 14.468
 y

where S = spacing of the stiffeners in metres

L = the length of the unsupported span in metres

I = the moment of inertia of the section in centimetre units

y = the distance measured from the neutral axis of the section to the extremity of the section in centimetres;

the thickness of the plating for solid steel covers not less than 6 mm where the spacing of the stiffeners is 610 mm and 9 mm where the spacing is 1 070 mm; where the spacing of the stiffeners is between 610 and 1 070 mm, the thickness of the plating is to be obtained by interpolation;

(c) covers of the sliding plate type stiffened on one edge by flanges or by revited or welded stiffeners are to be so arranged that the spacing of the stiffeners when the hatch is closed does not exceed 1 070 mm; the stiffening at the edges of these covers and the thickness of the plating shall not be less effective than the stiffening and thickness required in paragraph (b) for solid plate covers; where covers of the sliding plate type are fitted and the unsupported span exceeds 3.68 m, additional support shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Assigning Authority;

(d) where wood hatch covers are fitted on exposed hatchways, the thickness shall be at least 60 mm in association with a span of not more than 1.83 m; the width of each bearing surface for these hatchway covers shall be at least 65 mm.

6. (1) Where wood hatchway covers are fitted, they shall be supported by a system of main beams all extending in one direction, or by a system of main beams in association with auxiliary beams which rest on top of the main beams and are fitted at right angles thereto; the unsupported span of the wood covers shall not exceed 1.83 m.

(2) The main beams may be of rolled or built sections and the auxiliary beams may be either rolled or built sections or may be of wood rectangular sections; these beams shall have section moduli in centimetres cubed not less than those obtained from the formula:

 I
--- = S x L² x 14.468
 y

 
where

S = the spacing of the main or auxiliary beams in metres,

L = the length of the unsupported span in metres,

C = 17.467 for steel main beams where 460 mm coamings are required,

C = 14.477 for steel main beams where 305 mm coamings are required,

C = 14.556 for steel auxiliary beams where 460 mm coamings are required,

C = 11.582 for steel auxiliary beams where 305 mm coamings are required,

C = 87.337 for wood auxiliary beams where 460 mm coamings are required,

C = 69.490 for wood auxiliary beams where 305 mm coamings are required, and,

I = the moment of inertia of the section in centimetre units,

Y = the distance measured from the neutral axis of the section to the extremity of the section in centimetres.

(3) The top flanges of the beams shall extend for the full length of the beams; wood auxiliary beams shall be steel shod at all bearing surfaces.

(4) In the case of small wood ships where the hatchway openings are of moderate size, the beams which support the hatchway covers may be of wood provided that they have strength equivalent to that of the beams that would be required by subsection (1); provided that the Assigning Authority is satisfied that the protection of the opening is effective.

7. Carriers or sockets for hatchway beams and fore-and-afters shall be of steel at least 13 mm thick, and shall have a width of bearing surface of at least 75 mm.

8. Strong cleats at least 64 mm wide or efficient clamping devices shall be fitted at intervals of approximately 610 mm from centre to centre; the end cleats shall be placed not more than 150 mm from each corner of the hatchway; where steel covers are fitted, suitable approved types of fasteners, spaced to suit the width of the covers, shall be installed.

9. (1) Battens and wedges shall be efficient and in good condition.

(2) At least one tarpaulin in good condition, thoroughly waterproof and of ample strength, shall be provided for each hatchway in an exposed position on freeboard and superstructure decks; the material of the tarpaulins shall be guaranteed free from jute, and the minimum weight of the material, before treatment, shall be 644 g/m2 if to be chemically tarred, 610 g/m2 if to be chemically dressed, or 542 g/m2 for black oil dressing.

10. At all hatchways in exposed positions on freeboard or superstructure decks suitable provision shall be made for securing the covers after the tarpaulins are battened down.

11. (1) Cargo, coaling and other hatchways in the freeboard deck within superstructures that are fitted with closing appliances less efficient than Class 1 but not less efficient than Class 2 shall have coamings at least 230 mm in height and closing arrangements as effective as those required for exposed cargo hatchways.

(2) Where the closing appliances are less efficient than Class 2, the hatchways shall have coamings at least 305 mm in height, and shall have fittings and closing arrangements as effective as those required for exposed cargo hatchways.

(3) In the case of car ferries fitted with efficient "sea gates" extending above the freeboard deck at least to the height of a standard superstructure, coamings of less height may be fitted, provided that the hatchways within the superstructures are fitted with close fitting steel covers having efficient securing devices; when the openings in freeboard decks are not provided with closing devices, the coamings shall extend above the freeboard deck at least to the height of a standard superstructure.

12. (1) Machinery space openings in exposed positions on freeboard decks and raised quarter decks shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings of ample strength; doors in such casings shall be of steel, efficiently stiffened, permanently attached, and capable of being closed and secured from both sides; the sills of openings shall be at least 460 mm above the freeboard deck and 305 mm above the raised quarter deck.

(2) Fiddley, funnel and ventilator coamings shall be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable; fiddley openings shall have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions; engine room skylights shall be of strong construction, preferably of steel.

13. (1) Machinery space openings in exposed position on superstructure decks other than raised quarter decks shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by strong steel casings; doors in such casings shall be strongly constructed, permanently attached, and capable of being closed and secured from both sides; the sills of the openings shall be at least 230 mm above the superstructure decks.

(2) Fiddley, funnel and ventilator coamings shall be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable; fiddley openings shall have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions; engine room skylights shall be of strong construction, preferably of steel.

14. Machinery space openings in the freeboard deck within superstructures that are fitted with closing appliances less efficient than Class 1 shall be properly framed and efficiently closed by steel casings; doors in such casings shall be strongly constructed, permanently attached and capable of being securely closed; the sills of such openings shall be at least 150 mm above the deck where the superstructures are closed by Class 2 closing appliances, and at least 305 mm above the deck where the closing appliances are less efficient than Class 2.

15. Flush scuttles, where fitted, shall be of iron or steel, of substantial construction, with screw of bayonet joints; such scuttles shall be provided with permanent chain or other suitable attachment.

16. Companionways in exposed positions on freeboard decks and on decks of enclosed superstructures shall be of substantial construction; the sills of the doorways shall be 460 mm on freeboard decks and on superstructure decks within a quarter of the ship's length from stem, and 305 mm on superstructure decks elsewhere; the doors shall be strongly constructed and capable of being closed and secured from both sides; where the companionway is situated within a quarter of the ship's length from the stem, it shall be of steel and riveted to the deck plating.

17. (1) Ventilators in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks to spaces below freeboard decks or decks of superstructures, which are intact or fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, shall have coamings of steel, substantially constructed, and efficiently connected to the deck; the deck plating at the base of the coamings shall be efficiently stiffened between the deck beams; the openings of ventilators coamings shall be provided with efficient closing arrangements.

(2) Where such ventilators are situated on the freeboard deck, or on the superstructure deck within a quarter of the ship's length from the stem, and the closing arrangements of the ventilators coamings are of a temporary character, the coamings shall be at least 760 mm in height; in other exposed positions on the superstructure deck they shall be at least 610 mm in height; where the coaming of any ventilator exceeds 915 mm in height, it shall be specially supported and secured.

18. Where the air pipes to ballast and other tanks extend above the freeboard or superstructure decks, the exposed parts of the pipes shall be of substantial construction; the height from the deck to the opening shall be at least 760 mm in wells on freeboard decks, 610 mm on raised quarter decks, and 305 mm on other superstructure decks; efficient means shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes; where these heights would interfere with the working of the ship, a lower height may be approved provided the air pipe is properly protected and the air pipe is fitted with adequate means of closing.

Openings in the Sides of Ships

19. Openings in the sides of ships such as gangways, cargo ports, coaling ports, rubbish shutes or ash shutes which are below the freeboard deck shall be fitted with watertight doors or with covers which, with their securing appliances, shall be of sufficient strength.

20. (1) Scuppers and sanitary discharge pipes led through the ship's sides from spaces below the freeboard deck shall be fitted with efficient and accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard; each separate discharge shall have either an automatic non-return valve with a positive means of closing it from a position above the freeboard deck, or two automatic non-return valves without positive means of closing, provided that the upper valve is situated so that it is always accessible for examination under service conditions; the positive action valve shall be readily accessible and shall be provided with means for showing whether the valve is open or closed; cast iron shall not be accepted for such valves when attached to the sides of the ship.

(2) The provisions of subsection (1) apply to discharges from spaces within enclosed superstructures if and to the extent that the Assigning Authority considers necessary, having regard to the type of location of the inboard ends of such openings.

(3) Where scuppers are fitted in superstructures not fitted with Class 1 closing appliances they shall have efficient means for preventing the accidental admission of water below the freeboard deck.

21. (1) Side scuttles to spaces below the freeboard deck, or to spaces below the superstructure deck of superstructures closed by Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances, shall be fitted with efficient inside deadlights permanently attached in their proper positions so that they can be effectively closed and secured watertight.

(2) Where such spaces in superstructures are appropriated to passengers, other than steerage passengers, or to crew, the side scuttles may have portable deadlights stowed adjacent to the side scuttles, provided that they are readily accessible at all times on service; the side scuttles and deadlights shall be of substantial construction and suitable for the purpose for which they are intended.

Miscellaneous Provisions

22. Efficient guardrails or bulwarks shall be fitted on all exposed portions of freeboard and superstructure decks.

23. (1) Where bulwarks on the weather portions of freeboard or superstructure decks form "wells", ample provision shall be made for rapidly freeing the decks of water and for draining them; the minimum freeing port area on each side of the ship for each well on freeboard decks and on raised quarter decks shall be that given by the following scale; the minimum area for each well on any superstructure deck other than a raised quarter deck shall be one-half the area given by that scale; where the length of the well exceeds seven-tenths of the length of the ship, the Assigning Authority may modify that scale; in ships with less than the standard sheer the freeing port area shall be increased as required by the Assigning Authority.

SCALE OF FREEING PORT AREA

(2) The lower edges of the freeing ports shall be as near the deck as practicable and as a general rule shall not be higher than the upper edge of the gunwale bar; two-thirds of the freeing port area required shall be provided in the midship half of the well.

(3) All such openings in the bulwarks shall be protected by rails or bars spaced about 230 mm apart; where shutters are fitted to freeing ports, ample clearance shall be provided to prevent jamming; hinges shall have brass pins.

24. (1) Gangways, lifelines or other satisfactory means shall be provided for the protection of the crew in getting to and from their quarters.

(2) Houses on freeboard decks for the accommodation of the crew shall be of ample strength to the satisfaction of the Assigning Authority.

25. Notwithstanding anything in the Part, the Assigning Authority may,

(a) in any exceptional case, allow departures from the provisions thereof on condition that the freeboards computed for the ship are increased to such extent as will, in the opinion of the Board, secure that the protection afforded to the ship and crew is not less effective than it would be if the ship fully complied with the said provisions and there had been no increase of freeboards; and

(b) in the case of a wood ship, accept hatch coamings, hatch beams and closing appliances of wood, provided that the efficiency of such parts of the ship is satisfactory to the Assigning Authority.

Strength

26. (1) The Assigning Authority shall be satisfied with the structural strength of any ship before assigning to it a freeboard.

(2) Ships that comply with the highest standard of the rules of a classification society recognized for this purpose by the Minister shall be regarded as having sufficient strength for the minimum freeboards allowed under these Rules.

(3) Ships that do not comply with the highest standard of the rules of a classification society recognized for this purpose by the Minister shall be assigned such increased freeboards as shall be determined by the Assigning Authority, having regard to the extent to which the ship complies with the following strength moduli:

(a) Material: The strength moduli are based on the assumption that the structure is built of mild steel, manufactured by the open hearth process (acid or basic) and having a tensile strength of 401 to 494 MPa, and an elongation of at least 16 per cent on a length of 203 mm.

Strength Deck: The strength deck is the uppermost deck which is incorporated into and forms an integral part of the longitudinal girder within the half-length amidships.

Depth to Strength Deck (Ds): The depth to the strength deck is the vertical distance in metres amidships from the top of the keel to the top of the strength deck beam at side.

Draught (d): The draught is the vertical distance in metres amidships from the top of the keel to the centre of the diamond, provided that where a midsummer load line is assigned the draught shall be the draught to that load line.

(b) Longitudinal Modulus: The longitudinal modulus

 I 
Y

is the moment of inertia I of the midship section about the neutral axis divided by the distance y measured from the neutral axis to the top of the strength deck beam at side, calculated in way of openings but without deductions for rivet holes; areas shall be measured in square centimetres and distances in metres.

Below the strength deck all continuous longitudinal members, other than such parts of the under deck girders as are required entirely for supporting purposes, are included; above the strength deck the gunwale angle bar and the extension of the sheerstrake are the only members included.

The required longitudinal modulus for effective material is expressed by the formula, f.d.B., where f is the factor obtained from the following table:

TABLE

For intermediate lengths, the value of f is determined by interpolation.

This formula applies where the ratio

does not exceed 13.5 in ships of 99.1 m in length and under, and 19 in ships for 182.9 m in length and above. Intermediate values for lengths between 99.1 m and 182.9 m are to be obtaines by interpolation where the length of a ship is in excess of 182.9 m and the ratio

exceeds 19 the factor f is to be increased to the satisfaction of the Board.

(c) Frame: For the purpose of the frame modulus, the frame is regarded as composed of a frame angle and a reverse angle each of the same size and thickness.

Frame Modulus: The modulus

 I 
Y

of the midship frame below the lowest tier of beams is the moment of inertia I of the frame section about the neutral axis divided by the distance y measured from the neutral axis to the extremity of the frame section, calculated without deduction for rivet and bolt holes. The modulus is measure in centimetre units.

The required frame modulus is expressed by the formula

where s is the frame spacing in metres;

t is the vertical distance in metres measured at amidships from the top of the keel to a point midway between the top of the inner bottom at side and the top of the heel bracket (see Figure 2); where there is no double bottom, t is measure to a point midway between the top of the floor at centre and the top of the floor at side;

f1 is a coefficient depending on H, which, in ships fitted with double bottoms, is the vertical distance in metres from the middle of the beam bracket of the lowest tier of beams at side to a point midway between the top of the inner bottom at side and the top of the heel bracket (see Figure 2). Where there is no double bottom, H is measured to a point midway between the top of the floor at centre and the top of the floor at side. Where the frame obtains additional strength from the form of the ship, due allowance is made in the value of f1;

f2 is a coefficient depending on K, which is the vertical distance in metres from the top of the lowest tier of beams at side to a point 2.29 m above the freeboard deck at side, or, if there is a superstructure, to a point 3.81 m above the freeboard deck at side (see Figure 2). The value of f1 and f2 are obtained from the following table:

TABLE - TABLEAU

H in metres en mètres	0	2.133	2.743	3.353	3.962	4.572	5.182	5.791	6.401	7.010	7.620
f1	19053	23287	26464	31758	40227	50810	624557	6219	91035	107970	124900
K in metres en mètres			0	1.524	3.048	4.572	6.096	7.620	9.144	10.668	12.192
f2			0	1058.5	2117	4234	6351	9527	13761	19053	25407
	Intermediate values are obtained by interpolation. This formula applies where D is between 4.57 m and 18.29 m,both inclusive, B is between     both inclusive,				Les valeurs intermédiaires s'obtiennent par interpolation. Cette formule s'applique lorsque C est compris entre 4,57 et 18,29 m (y compris ces deux valeurs, lorsque B est compris entre

does not exceed 13.5 in ships of 99.1 m in length and under, and 19 in ships of 182.9 m in length and above, (intermediate values between lengths of 99.1 m and 182.9 m are to be obtained by interpolation), and the horizontal distance from the outside frame to the centre of the first row of pillars does not exceed 6.1 m.

In single deck ships of ordinary form, where H does to exceed 5.5 m, the frame modulus determined by the preceding method is multiplied by the factor f3, where

Where the horizontal distance from the outside of the frame to the centre of the first row of pillars exceeds 6.1 m, sufficient additional strength shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Assigning Authority.

Conditions for Ships to be Assigned Tanker Freeboards

27. Tanker freeboards shall be assigned to a ship, being a tanker, if the ship complies with the foregoing conditions of assignment and also complies with section 28 to 35 to the extent thereby required in the case of that ship.

28. The structure of the ship shall be of sufficient strength for the increased draught corresponding to the freeboard assigned.

29. The ship shall have a forecastle of which the length is not less than seven per cent of the length of the ship and the height is not less than the standard height.

30. The openings in machinery casings on the freeboard deck shall be fitted with steel doors; the casings shall be protected by an enclosed poop or bridge of at least standard height, or by a deck house of equal height and of equivalent strength; the bulkheads at the ends of these structures shall be of the scantlings required for bridge front bulkheads; all entrances to the structures from the freeboard deck shall be fitted with effective closing appliances and the sills shall be at least 460 mm above the deck; exposed machinery casings on the superstructure deck shall be of substantial construction, and all openings in them shall be fitted with steel closing appliances permanently attached to the casings and capable of being closed and secured from both sides; the sills of such openings shall be at least 380 mm above the deck; fiddley openings shall be as high above the superstructure deck as is reasonable and practicable, and shall have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions.

31. An efficiently constructed permanent gangway of sufficient strength for its exposed position shall be fitted fore and aft at the level of the superstructure deck between the poop and midship bridge and, when any of the crew are berthed forward, from the bridge to the forecastle, unless other equivalent means of access are provided to carry out the purpose of the gangway, such as passages below deck.

32. Safe and satisfactory access from the gangway level to the quarters of the crew, the machinery space and all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship, shall be available at all times; this section does not apply to pump rooms, when suitable means of access are provided from the freeboard deck, and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances.

33. All hatchways on the freeboard deck and on the deck of expansion trunks shall be closed watertight by efficient steel covers.

34. Ventilators to spaces below the freeboard deck shall be of ample strength or shall be protected by superstructures or by equally efficient means.

35. Ships with bulkwarks shall have open rails fitted for at least half the length of the exposed portion of the weather deck or such other freeing arrangements as are, in the opinion of the Assigning Authority, effective for the purpose of freeing the decks of water; the upper edge of the sheerstrake shall be kept as low as practicable, and as a general rule shall not be higher than the upper edge of the gunwale bar; where superstructures are connected by trunks, open rails shall be fitted for the whole length of the weather portions of the freeboard deck.

Part II

Calculation of Freeboards for Steamships

General

36. Subject to subject 25 of this Schedule, the freeboards for steamships, other than tankers or steamships of special type to which freeboards are assigned under section 9 of these Rules, shall be computed in accordance with this Part.

Deductions for Superstructures

37. Where the effective length of superstructure is 1.0L, the deduction from the freeboard shall be 355 mm at 24.4 m length of ship, 865 mm at 85.3 m length, and 1,065 mm at 122 m length and above; deductions at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by interpolation; where the total effective length of superstructure is less than 1.0L, the deduction shall be a percentage obtained from the following table:

TABLE - TABLEAU

Total effective length of superstructure (E)
Longueur effective totale des Superstructures (E)

Sheer

38. (1) The sheer shall be measured from the deck at side to a line of reference drawn parallel to the keel through the sheer line at amidships.

(2) In ships designed to trim by the stern in service, the sheer may be measured in relation to the load line, provided an additional mark is placed at 0.25L forward of amidships, to indicate the assigned load line. This mark is to be similar to the load line diamond amidships.

(3) In flush deck ships and in ships with detached superstructures, the sheer shall be measured at the freeboard deck.

(4) In ships with top sides of unusual form in which there is a step or break in the top sides, the sheer shall be considered in relation to the equivalent depth amidships determined in accordance with subsection 1(5) of this Schedule.

(5) In ships with a superstructure of standard height that extends over the whole length of the freeboard deck, the sheer shall be measured at the superstructure deck; where the height exceeds the standards, the sheer may be considered in relation to the standard height.

(6) Where a superstructure is intact or access openings in its enclosing bulkheads are fitted with Class1 closing appliances, and the superstructure deck has at least the same sheer as the exposed freeboard deck, the sheer of the enclosed portion of the freeboard deck shall not be taken into account.

39. The ordinates (in millimetres) of the standard sheer profile are given in the following table, where L is the number of metres in the length of the ship:

TABLE

A.P. After end of summer load water line.

F.P. Fore end of summer load water line.

40. (1) Where the sheer profile differs from the standard, the seven ordinates of each profile shall be multiplied by the appropriate factors given in the table of ordinates; the difference between the sums of the respective products, divided by 18, measures the deficiency or excess of sheer.

(2) Where the after half of the sheer profile is greater than the standard and the forward half is less than the standard, no credit shall be allowed for the part in excess.

(3) Where the forward half of the sheer profile exceeds the standard, and the after portion of the sheer profile is not less than 75 per cent of the standard, credit shall be allowed for the part in excess; where the after part is less than 50 per cent of the standard, no credit shall be given for the excess sheer forward; where the after sheer is between 50 per cent and 75 per cent of the standard, an intermediate allowance may be granted for excess sheer forward.

41. The correction for variations from the standard sheer shall be the deficiency or excess of sheer determined in accordance with section 40 multiplied by

0.75 -   S
           2L

where S is the total length of the superstructure.

42. Where the sheer is less than the standard, the correction for deficiency in sheer, determined in accordance with section 41, shall be added to the freeboard.

43. In flush deck ships and in ships where an enclosed superstructure covers 0.1L before and 0.1L abaft amidships, the correction for excess of sheer determined in accordance with section 41 shall be deducted from the freeboard; in ships with detached superstructure where no enclosed superstructure covers amidships, no deduction for excess of sheer shall be made from the freeboard; where an enclosed superstructure covers less than 0.1L before and 0.1L abaft amidships, the deduction for excess of sheer shall be obtained by interpolation; the maximum deduction for excess of sheer shall be 125 mm for each additional 100 m in the length of the ship.

Round of Beam

44. The standard round of beam of the freeboard deck is greater than one-fiftieth of the breadth of the ship.

45. Where the round of beam of the freeboard is greater or less than the standard, the freeboard shall be decreased or increased respectively by one-fourth of the difference between the actual and the standard round of beam, multiplied by the proportion of the length of the freeboard deck not covered by enclosed superstructures; twice the standard round of beam is the maximum for which allowance may be given.

Minimum Freeboards

46. The minimum freeboard in summer shall be the freeboard derived from the table set out in section 50 after correction for departures from the standards and after deduction for superstructures in accordance with these Rules, and if the freeboard, calculated in accordance with these Rules but before the correction required by note (f) appended to the table is made, is less than 50 mm, 50 mm shall be substituted therefor.

47. The minimum freeboard in midsummer may be obtained by a deduction from the summer freeboard as defined in section 46, of a distance in millimetres obtained by multiplying 25 by the summer draught in metres measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the load line diamond, but in no case shall the freeboard be less than 50 mm.

48. The minimum freeboards for the intermediate and winter seasons shall be obtained by an addition to the summer freeboard of a distance in millimetres obtained by multiplying the summer draught in metres measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the load line diamond by the appropriate factors set out in the table.

TABLE

*Factors for intermediate length are obtained by interpolation.

49. (1) In the case of ships which load in salt water and proceed to fresh water, the minimum freeboard while in salt water for all

seasons shall be increased by an amount equal to

  
millimetres

where D = displacement in fresh water, in tonnes at the summer load water line,

T = tonnes per centimetre immersion in fresh water at the summer load
water line.

(2) Where the displacement at the summer load water line cannot be certified, the increase in freeboard shall be one forty-eighth of the summer draught measured from the top of the keel.

50. The basic minimum summer freeboards for steamships are as follows:

TABLE-TABLEAU

(a) The minimum freeboard for flush deck steamships shall be obtained by an addition to the above table at the rate of 125 mm for every 100 m of length.

(b) The freeboards at intermediate lengths are obtained by interpolation.

(c) The freeboards for steamships above 228.6 m in length shall be determined by the Board of Steamship Inspection.

(d) Where c exceeds 0.68, the freeboard shall be multiplied by the factor

(e) Where in the case of a ship of less than 106.7 m in length the depth D is less than , D is to be taken as   , and where in the case of such ship the depth D exceeds  the freeboard is to be increased by R millimetres, where R is equal to  . Where in the case of a ship of 106.7 m in length and above the depth D exceeds or is less than 
the freeboard is to be increased or decreased according by  R millimetres where R is equal to  at lengths less than 118.9 m and 3 at lengths of 118.9 m and above, provided than in no case shall the minimum depth be taken as less than the minimum depth given in the following table:

Minimum depths at intermediate lengths are obtained by interpolation.

In a ship with an enclosed superstructure covering at least 0.6L amidships, or with a complete trunk, or with a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk which extends all fore and aft, where D is less than

the freeboard shall be

reduced at the above rate. Where the height of superstructures or trunk is less than the standard height, the reduction shall be modified in the ratio which the actual height bears to the standard height.

(f) Where the actual depth to the surface of the freeboard deck amidships is greater or less than D, the difference between these two depths (in millimetres) shall be added to or deducted from the freeboard as the case may be.

51. (1) Notwithstanding section 50 but subject to subsection (2), the basic minimum summer freeboards for steamships of 134.1 m in length and above but not above 304.8 m in length are set out in the following table:

REDUCED BASIC MINIMUM SUMMER FREEBOARDS

VALEURS DE BASE DES FRANCS-BORD D'ÉTÉ MINIMUM REDUITS

(2) A steamship is eligible for a reduced basic minimum summer freeboard set out in the table to subsection (1) only if

(a) the steamship is built of steel that meets the amended specification for steel issued in 1948 by the American Bureau of Shipping or any equivalent or higher specification for steel issued thereafter by a classification society;

(b) the hatch covers of the steamship are constructed of steel or equivalent material, are weathertight and are one piece;

(c) the steamship has a protected underdeck fore and aft passage;

(d) the deck houses and superstructures of the steamship are constructed of steel or equivalent material; and

(e) the steamship is structurally suitable for the resulting draught in all operating conditions.

52. The freeboard for a wood steamship is the final freeboard the ship would obtain if constructed or iron or steel with the addition of such penalties as the Assigning Authority may determine, having regard to the construction, age and condition of the ship.

Part III

Calculation of Freeboards for Tankers

53. Freeboards for tankers shall be computed in accordance with Part II, subject to the provisions of sections 54 and 55 and to the substitution of the table set out in section 56 for the table set out in section 50 provided however, that no addition shall be made under note (a) appended to the table in section 50 in respect of a flush deck steamship.

54. In the case of a tanker having superstructures, when the total effective length of superstructure is less than 1.0L, the deduction shall be the percentage of the deduction for a superstructure of length 1.0L, obtained from the following table:

55. Where the sheer is greater than the standard, the correction for excess sheer as determined under section 41 shall be deducted from the freeboard for all tankers; section 43 does not apply except that the maximum deduction for excess sheer shall be 125 mm at 100 m length of ship and shall increase at the rate of 125 mm for each additional 100 m in length of the ship.

56. (1) The freeboards for tankers are as follows:

TABLE

(2) The freeboards for tankers longer than 192 m in length shall be calculated on an individual basis and the freeboards assigned to such tankers shall be approved by the Board before a certificate is issued.

Part IV

Calculation of Freeboards for
Sailing Ships

57. Freeboards for sailing ships shall, subject to the provisions of sections 25 and 58 to 64, be computed from the freeboard table for sailing ships contained in section 63 in the same manner as the freeboards for steamships are computed from the freeboard table for steamships contained in section 50.

58. (1) The depth (D) to be used in computing the freeboards for sailing ships shall be obtained in the same manner as given in subsection 1(5) provided that in sailing ships having a greater rate of rise of floor than 125 mm per metre, the vertical distance from the top of keel referred to in subsection 1(4) shall be reduced by half the difference between the total rise of floor at the half-breadth of the ship and the total rise at 125 mm per metre; 208 mm per metre of half-breadth is the maximum rate of rise for which a deduction may be made.

(2) Where the form at the lower part of the midship section is of a hollow character or thick garboards are fitted, the depth shall be measured from the point where the line of the flat of the bottom continued inward cuts the side of the keel.

(3) The depth used with the freeboard table shall be taken as not less than

  L 
12

59. The coefficient of fineness c used with the freeboard table contained in section 63 shall be taken as not less than 0.62 and not greater than 0.72.

60. In wood ships the Assigning Authority shall be satisfied as to the efficiency of the construction and closing arrangements of superstructures for which deductions are made from the freeboard.

61. Where the effective length of superstructures is 1.0L, the deduction from the freeboard shall be 78 mm at 25 m length of ships, and 457 mm at 70 m length; deductions at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by interpolation; where the total ve length of superstructure is less than 1.0L, the deduction shall be a percentage obtained from the following table:

62. No addition to the freeboard shall be required for the intermediate season, but an increase of 50 mm shall be required for the winter season.

63. Minimum freeboards for summer and intermediate seasons for iron or steel flush deck sailing ships are as follows:

(a) The minimum freeboards at intermediate lengths are obtained by interpolation.

(b) Where c exceeds 0.62, the freeboard shall be multiplied by the factor

c + 0.62 
1.24

(c) Where D exceeds L/12 the freeboard shall be increased by

8.33 (D-L/12) x (10 + L/7.62) millimetres

(d) Where the actual depth to the surface of the freeboard deck amidships is greater or less than D, the difference between these two depths (in millimetres) shall be added to or deducted from the freeboard, as the case may by.

(e) The freeboards for sailing ships above 70.1 m in length shall be specially considered, and the assigned freeboards are to be approved by the Board before a certificate is issued.

64. The freeboard for a wood sailing ship is the final freeboard the ship would obtain if constructed of iron or steel with the addition of such penalties as the Assigning Authority may determine, having regard to the classification, construction, age and condition of the ship.

Part V

Load Line Marks

65. On receiving from the Assigning Authority the particulars as to the deck line and load lines the owner shall cause to be marked on each side of the ship, to the satisfaction of the surveyor, the appropriate marks in accordance with this Part.

66. The diamond, lines and letters described in section 67, shall be marked in such manner as, in the surveyor's opinion, will make them plainly visible: they shall be painted in white or yellow on a dark ground, or in black on a light ground, and shall also be carefully cut in or centre-punched on the sides of iron and steel ships, and on wood ships shall be cut into the planking for at least 3 mm.

67. A steamship shall be marked on each side with a deck line and load lines as follows:

(a) a deck line which shall be a horizontal line 300 mm in length and 25 mm in breadth marked amidships with its upper edge passing through the point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of the freeboard deck intersects the outer surface of the shell, (see Figure 1); where the deck is partly sheathed amidships, the upper edge of the deck line shall pass through the point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of the actual sheathing at amidships intersects the outer surface of the shell;

(b) a load line diamond which shall be a square 380 mm on each diagonal with one diagonal vertical and which shall be intersected by a horizontal line 540 mm in length and 25 mm in breadth, the upper edge of which shall coincide with the horizontal diagonal of the diamond; the diamond shall be marked amidships, below the deck line;

(c) horizontal lines, 230 mm in length and 25 mm in breadth, which extend from and are at right angles to a vertical line marked either 540 mm forward of the centre of the diamond (see Figure 1A) in the case of ships operating in fresh water or 660 mm forward of the centre of the diamond (see Figure 1B) in the case of ships operating in salt water within the inland waters limits, which lines indicate the maximum depth to which the ship may be loaded in different circumstances and indifferent seasons, these lines are as follows:

(i) the midsummer line, applicable only to cargo steamships, including tankers, non-propelled cargo ships of shipshape form, and non-propelled tankers of shipshape form, indicated by the upper edge of a line extending forward from the vertical line referred to above, marked "MS";

(ii) the summer load line, indicated by the upper edge of a line which passes through the centre of the diamond and also by the upper edge of a line extending forward from the vertical line referred to above, marked "S";

(iii) the intermediate load line, indicated by the upper edge of a line extending forward from the vertical line referred to above, marked "I";

(iv) the winter load line, indicated by the upper edge of a line extending forward from the vertical line referred to above, marked "W"; and

(v) the corresponding salt water load lines, applicable only to ships that operate in salt water within the inland waters limits, indicated by the upper edges of lines extending aft from the vertical lines referred to above marked "MS", "S", "I" and "W" respectively (see Figure 1B); and

(vi) the letters "SW" shall be marked above the salt water freeboard marks and the letters "FW" shall be marked above the fresh water freeboard marks when both marks are required (see Figure 1b).

68. A sailing ship shall be marked on each side with a deck line, a load line diamond, a summer load line, a winter load line and the corresponding salt water load lines as indicated in section 67 (see Figure 1B).

69. For the purpose of indicating the name of the Assigning Authority by whom the freeboards have been assigned, letters measuring about 4$ inches by 3 inches may be marked alongside the diamond and above the line through the centre of the diamond.

Part VI

Limits of Submergence

70. (1) The maximum depth to which a steamship may be loaded in fresh water during the midsummer season, which is the period from may 1st to September 15th in any year, is the depth indicated by the midsummer load line.

(2) The maximum depth to which a steamship may be loaded in fresh water during the summer seasons, which are the periods from April 16th to April 30th and from September 16th to September 30th in any year, is the depth indicated by the summer load line.

(3) The maximum depth to which a steamship may be loaded in fresh water during the intermediate seasons, which are the periods from April 1st to April 15th and from October 1st to October 31, in any year, is the depth indicated by the intermediate load line.

(4) The maximum depth to which a steamship may be loaded in fresh water during the winter seasons, which are the periods from November 1st in any year to March 31st in the next year, is the depth indicated by the winder load line.

(5) Notwithstanding anything in this section, when engaged on voyages between Sarnia, Ontario, and Toledo, Ohio, or Amherstburg, Ontario,

(a) cargo vessels, including tankers, that exceed 91.4 m in length but do not exceed 121.9 m, may load to their intermediate marks during the winter season, that is to say, during the period from November 1st in any year to March 31st in the year next following; and

(b) cargo vessels, including tankers, that exceed 121.9 m in length may load to their summer marks during both the intermediate and winter seasons, that is to say, during the period from October 1st in any year to April 15th in the year next following.

(6) The maximum depth to which a sailing ship may be loaded in fresh water during the summer and intermediate seasons, as in this Rule defined, is the depth indicated by the summer load line.

(7) The maximum depth to which a sailing ship may be loaded in fresh water during the winter season, as in this Rule defined, is the depth indicated by the winter load line.

(8) The maximum depth to which a steamship may be loaded during any season when in salt water and proceeding to fresh water, is the depth indicated by the appropriate seasonal mark, corrected as provided in section 49.

SCHEDULE II

(s.12)

GREAT LAKES LOAD LINE CERTIFICATE

Form L.L. 3A

Reg. No. _________________________

Issued under the provisions of the Canada Shipping Act by (Here follows either "the Chairman of the Board of Steamship Inspection" or, in a case where the Assigning Authority is not the Chairman, the name of the Assigning Authority)

Name Official Port of Length (L) Gross
of Ship Number Registry in metres Tonnage

Subject to any limitations endorsed hereon this certificate is valid for voyages on the inland waters of Canada and for inland voyages.

Type of Ship (where applicable) ____________*

Fresh Water Freeboard from Fresh Water Load Line**

Deck Line**

Midsummer _________ mm (MS) _________ mm above (S)

Summer ___________ mm (S) Upper edge of line through centre of diamond

Intermediate ________ mm (I) __________mm below (S)

Winter _____________ mm (W) __________ mm below (S)

Increase for salt water for all freeboards __________ mm.

The upper edge of the deck line from which these freeboards are measured is

__________ mm __________ deck at side.

Date of survey __________ .

This is to certify that this ship has been surveyed and that the conditions of assignment have been complied with, freeboards have been assigned and the load line marks shown above have been marked in accordance with the __________**

This certificate is valid until __________ subject to periodical inspection in accordance with the relevant provisions of the __________***

Issued at __________, on the __________ day of __________, 19____.

(Here follows the seal of the Minister and marking to show that the certificate has been registered by the Chairman or, in a case where the Assigning Authority is not the Chairman, the signature of the person competent to sign certificates for the Assigning Authority.)

{Letters indicating the name of the Assigning Authority.

This is to certify that at a periodical inspection required by the __________ *** this ship was found to comply with the relevant provisions thereof.

Place Date
Signature of Surveyor Assigning Authority

Place Date
Signature of Surveyor Assigning Authority

Place Date
Signature of Surveyor Assigning Authority

Place Date
Signature of Surveyor Assigning Authority

Limitations: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

NOTE: Attention is drawn to the legislative requirements that this certificate be framed and posted up in some conspicuous place on board the ship, and be kept so framed and posted for as long as the certificate is in force and the ship is in use.

* Insert the words: "Type `A`" or "Type `B`", as appropriate.

** Freeboards and load lines that do not apply to the ship need not be entered.

*** Insert the words: "Load Line Regulations (Inland)" or "Load Line Rules for Lakes and Rivers" as appropriate.

Established by the CONSOLIDATED REGULATIONS OF CANADA, 1978.

amended by

SOR/78-217 3 March, 1978 pursuant to sections 415 and 627 of the Canada Shipping Act

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE CANADA SHIPPING ACT IS NOW CHAPTER S-9 OF THE REVISED STATUTES OF CANADA, 1985.

SOR/95-372 26 July, 1995 pursuant to section 314 of the Canada Shipping Act

French version only.