![Conservation](/web/20061209020954im_/http://www.nrtee-trnee.ca/eng/images/ProgramTitles/Title_Conservation1_E.jpg)
![Documents](/web/20061209020954im_/http://www.nrtee-trnee.ca/eng/images/ProgramTitles/Title_Documents_E.jpg)
Al-Pac Case Study
- Part I
Daniel
Farr, Biota Research
Steve Kennett, Canadian Institute of Resources Law
Monique M. Ross, Canadian Institute of Resources Law
Brad Stelfox, Forem Technologies
Marian Weber, Alberta Research Council
|
|
This case study has been commissioned as background research
for the NRTEE’s Conserving Canada’s Natural
Capital: The Boreal Forest program.
The views expressed in the case study are those of the authors,
and do not necessarily represent those of the National Round
Table, its members, or the members of the program’s
Task Force.
July 2004
|
References
Alberta Environment. 2003. Water use for injection
purposes in Alberta. ISBN No. 0-7785-3000-0.
Alberta Environmental Protection. 1994a. Alberta
timber harvest planning and ground rules. Alberta Environmental
Protection, Edmonton.
Alberta Environmental Protection. 1994b. Natural
regions of Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton.
Alberta Environmental Protection. 1996. The
status of Alberta's timber supply. Alberta Environmental
Protection, Edmonton.
Alberta Environmental Protection. 1998a. The
Alberta forest legacy. Alberta Environmental Protection,
Edmonton. Available at www.gov.ab.ca/env/forests.html.
Alberta Environmental Protection. 1998b. The
final frontier: Protecting landscape and biological diversity
within Alberta’s Boreal Forest Natural Region. Protected
Areas Report No. 13. Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton.
Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries. 1999. 1999
Detailed Forest Management Plan. Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries,
Boyle, Alberta. Available at www.alpac.ca/Forest_Management/Detailed_Forest_Management_Plan.htm.
Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries. 2004. Detailed
Forest Management Plan. Draft version. Alberta-Pacific Forest
Industries, Boyle, Alberta.
Anderson, S.H., K. Mann and H.H. Shugart Jr. 1977.
“The effect of transmission-line corridors on bird populations.”
The American Midland Naturalist 97:216–221.
Andison, D.W. 2003 (unpubl.). Natural levels
of age-class variability on the Alberta-Pacific FMA. Report
prepared for Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries.
Angelstam, P., and G. Mikusinski. 1994. “Woodpecker
assemblages in natural and managed boreal and hemiboreal forest—a
review.” Annales Zoologici Fennici 31:157–172.
Anielski, M., and S. Wilson. 2001. The Alberta
GPI accounts: Forests. Report #20. The Pembina Institute.
ISBN 0-921719-74-4.
Armstrong, G.W., S.G. Cumming and W.L. Adamowicz.
1999. “Timber supply implications of natural disturbance
management.” The Forestry Chronicle 75(3):497–504.
Bergeron, Y., and M. Flannigan. 1995. “Predicting
the effects of climate change on fire frequency in the southeastern
Canadian boreal forest.” Water Soil and Air Pollution
82: 437–444.
Bhatti, J.S., G.C. van Kooten, M.J. Apps, L.D.
Laird, I.D. Campbell, C. Campbell, M.R. Turetsky, Z. Yu and E.
Banfield. 2002. “Carbon balance and climate change in boreal
forests.” Pages 799–855 (Chapter 20) in P.J. Burton,
C. Messier, D.W. Smith and W.L. Adamowicz, editors. Towards
sustainable management of the boreal forest. NRC Research
Press, Ottawa.
Carignan, R., P. D’Arcy and S. Lamontagne.
2000. “Comparative impacts of fire and forest harvesting
on water quality in Boreal Shield lakes.” Can. J. Fish.
Aquat. Sci. 57(Suppl. 2):105–117.
Canadian Council of Forest Ministers. 2000. Criteria
and indicators of sustainable forest management in Canada. National
Status 2000. CCFM, Ottawa.
Cumming, S.G. 1997. Landscape dynamics of the
boreal mixedwood forest. Dissertation, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver.
Cumming, S.G. 2001. “Forest type and wildfire
in the Alberta boreal mixedwood: What do fires burn?” Ecological
Applications 11(1):97–110.
Curatolo, J.A., and S.M. Murphy. 1986. “The
effects of pipelines, roads, and traffic on the movements of caribou,
Rangifer tarandus.” Canadian Field-Naturalist
100:218–224.
Dyer, S.J., J.P. O'Neill, S.M. Wasel and S. Boutin.
2001. “Avoidance of industrial development by woodland caribou.”
Journal of Wildlife Management 65:531–542.
Dzus, E. 2001. Status of the woodland caribou (Rangifer
tarandus caribou) in Alberta. Alberta Wildlife Status
Report Number 30. Alberta Ministry of the Environment, Edmonton.
Eberhart, K.E., and P.M. Woodard. 1987. “Distribution
of residual vegetation associated with large fires in Alberta.”
Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17:1207–1212.
Environment Canada. 1994. Canadian Biodiversity
Strategy – Canada’s Response to the Convention on
Biological Diversity. Prepared by the Federal–Provincial–Territorial
Biodiversity Working Group. Published by the Government of Canada,
Ottawa. 69 pp. Available at www.cbin.ec.gc.ca/Document/CBs_e.pdf.
Federal–Provincial–Territorial Biodiversity
Working Group. 2003. Vision and framework for a Canadian Biodiversity
Index. Draft Number 2. Available at www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/Documents/CBI_Framework_e.cfm.
Fleming, W.D. 2001. Effects of Pipeline Rights-of-Way
on Forest Birds in the Boreal Forest of Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis,
University of Alberta.
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). 2000. FSC
Principles and Criteria Document 1.2. Revised February 2000.
Available at http://fscoax.org/html/1-2.html.
Forman, R.T.T., and L.E. Alexander. 1998. “Roads
and their major ecological effects.” Annual Reviews
of Ecology and Systematics 29:207–231.
Fort McKay First Nations. 1994. There Is Still
Survival Out There. A Traditional Land Use and Occupancy Study.
Fort McMurray, Alberta.
Griffiths, M., and D. Woynillowicz. 2003. Oil
and troubled waters: Reducing the impact of the oil and gas industry
on Alberta’s water resources. Pembina Institute. Available
at www.pembina.org/pdf/publications/OilandTroubledWaters.pdf.
Harrison, R.L. 1992. “Towards a theory of
inter-refuge corridor design.” Conservation Biology
6(2).
Hobson, K.A., and J. Schiek. 1999. “Changes
in bird communities in boreal mixedwood forests: Harvest and wildlife
effects over 30 years.” Ecological Applications
9:849–863.
James, A.R.C., and A. Kari Stuart-Smith. 2000.
“Distribution of caribou and wolves in relation to linear
corridors.” Journal of Wildlife Management 64:154–159.
Johnson, E.A., K. Myanishi and J.M.H. Weir 1998.
“Wildfires in the western Canadian boreal forest: Landscape
patterns and ecosystem management.” Journal of Vegetation
Science 9:603–610.
Jones, J.A., F.J. Swanson, B.C. Wemple and K.U.
Snyder. 2000. “Effects of roads on hydrology, geomorphology,
and disturbance patches in stream networks.” Conservation
Biology 14 (1):76–85.
Kavanaugh, K., and T. Iacobelli. 1995. A protected
areas gap analysis methodology: Planning for the conservation
of biodiversity. World Wildlife Fund Canada Discussion Paper.
Toronto. 68 pp.
Kirk, D., A. Diamond, K. Hobson and A. Smith. 1996.
“Breeding bird communities of the western and northern Canadian
boreal forest: Relationship to forest type.” Canadian
Journal of Zoology 74:1749–1770.
Lee, P., and S. Crites. 1999. “Early successional
deadwood dynamics in wildfire and harvest stands.” Pages
65–85 in Lee, P., editor. Fire and harvest residual
project: The impact of wildfire and harvest residuals on forest
structure and biodiversity in aspen-dominated boreal forests of
Alberta. Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, Alberta.
Lindenmayer, D.B., D.R. Foster, J.F. Franklin,
M.L. Hunter, R.F. Noss, F.A. Schmiegelow and D. Perry. 2004. “Salvage
harvesting policies after natural disturbance.” Science
303:1303.
Marklevitz, M.P. 2003. Potential Effects of
Pipeline Rights-of-Way on the Numbers and Movement of Boreal Forest
Mammals. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta.
Murphy, P. 1985. Methods for evaluating the
effects of forest fire management in Alberta. Dissertation,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
National Forest Strategy Coalition. 2003. A
sustainable forest: The Canadian commitment. National Forest Strategy
2003–2008. National Forest Strategy Coalition, Ottawa.
NRTEE. 2003a. State of the debate on the environment
and the economy—Environment and sustainable development
indicators for Canada. National Round Table on the Environment
and the Economy. ISBN 1-894737-0607.
NRTEE. 2003b. State of the debate on the environment
and the economy—Securing Canada’s natural capital:
A vision for nature conservation in the 21st century. National
Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. ISBN 1-894737-07-5.
Pembina Institute. 2001. Peatlands. Genuine
Progress Indicator # 44. Pembina Institute, Drayton Valley,
Alberta.
Poff, L.N., J.D. Allen, M.B. Bain, J.R. Kerr, K.L.
Prestegaard, B.D. Richter, R.E. Sparka and J.C. Stromberg. 1997.
“The natural flow regime: A paradigm for river conservation
and restoration.” BioScience 47:769–784.
Post, J.R., and M. Sullivan. 2002. “Canada’s
recreational fisheries: The invisible collapse?” Fisheries
27:6–17.
Prepas, E.E., B. Pinel-Alloul, D. Planas, G. Méthot,
S. Paquet and S. Reedyk. 2001. “Forest harvest impacts on
water quality and aquatic biota on the Boreal Plain: Introduction
to the TROLS lake program.” Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
58: 421–436.
Prepas, E.E., B. Pinel-Alloul, R.J. Steedman, D.
Planas and T. Charette. 2003. “Impacts of forest disturbance
on boreal surface waters in Canada.” Pages 369–393
(Chapter 10) in P.J. Burton, C. Messier, D.W. Smith and W.L. Adamowicz,
editors. Towards Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest.
NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Reed, R.A., J. Johnson-Barnard and W.L. Baker. 1996.
“Contribution of roads to forest fragmentation in the Rocky
Mountains.” Conservation Biology 10:1098–1106.
Schieck, J., M. Nietfeld and J.B. Stelfox. 1995.
“Differences in bird species richness and abundance among
three successional stages of aspen-dominated boreal forests.”
Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:1417–1431.
Schneider, R.R. 2002. Alternative Futures:
Alberta’s Boreal Forest at the Crossroads. The Federation
of Alberta Naturalists. Edmonton. 152 pp.
Schneider, R.R., J.B. Stelfox, S. Boutin and S.
Wasel. 2003. “Managing the cumulative impacts of land uses
in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin: A modeling approach.”
Conservation Ecology 7(1):8. Available at www.consecol.org/vol7/iss1/art8.
Senate Subcommittee on the Boreal Forest. 1999.
Competing Realities: The Boreal Forest at Risk. The Senate
of Canada, Ottawa. Available at www.parl.gc.ca/36/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/rep-e.htm.
Smith, W., and P.E. Lee (editors). 2000. Canada’s
forests at a crossroads: An assessment in the year 2000.
World Resources Institute, Global Forest Watch Canada. Washington,
D.C. Available at www.globalforestwatch.org/english/canada/maps.htm.
Stelfox, J.B. (editor). 1995. Relationships
between stand age, stand structure, and biodiversity in aspen
mixedwood forests in Alberta. Alberta Environmental Centre
and Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton. 308 pp.
Stelfox, J.B., and B. Wynes. 1999. A physical,
biological and land-use synopsis of the boreal forest’s
natural regions of northwest Alberta. Daishowa-Marubeni International
Ltd., Peace River, Alberta.
Thormann, M.N., P.Y. Bernier, N.W. Foster, D.W.
Schindler and F.D. Beall. 2004. “Land-use practices and
changes – forestry.” Chapter 8 in Environment Canada.
Threats to Water Availability in Canada. National Water
Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario. NWRI Scientific Assessment
Report Series No. 3 and ACSD Science Assessment Series No. 1.
128 pp.
Trombulak, S., and C. Frissell. 2000. “Review
of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities.”
Conservation Biology 14:18–30.
Vitt, D.H., L.A. Halsey, M.N. Thormann and T. Martin.
1996. Peatland inventory of Alberta: Phase 1: overview of
peatland resources in the natural regions and subregions of the
province. Prepared for the Alberta Peat Task Force. Sustainable
Forest Management Network, Edmonton, Alberta. 117 pp.
Wetherell, D., and I. Kmet. 2000. Alberta's
north: A history, 1890–1950. University of Alberta
Press, Edmonton.