Canadian Aboriginal groups have developed extensive contacts with the Saami of Scandinavia and with the numerous Indigenous peoples of Russia. Traditional contacts between the Inuit of northern Canada and Greenland (outlined under the Denmark section) now include co-operation on such topics as regional environmental issues and economic development.

Europe is a prime export market for Canada's Aboriginal businesses, whether in arts, foods products, resources, or tourism. The Aboriginal International Business Development committee works together with Aboriginal small businesses to help them crack markets all over the continent. Aboriginal firms played a particularly prominent role on the most recent Team Canada trade mission to Germany and Russia.

Many European countries have a huge appetite for Canadian Aboriginal culture, and Canadian Aboriginal authors, artists, and performers have found successes from London to Moscow. European academics have a growing interest in Canada's aboriginal people, and Canadian Studies Associations across Europe are helping local academics to learn more about Aboriginal Canada by hosting Aboriginal academics, community leaders, and elders to speak at conferences and other events.