![Geoscape Canada Geoscape Canada](/web/20061103010931im_/http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/esst_images/geoscape_e.jpeg) Natural Resources Canada > Earth Sciences Sector > Priorities > Geoscape Canada > Victoria
Geoscape Victoria
![Regional Map](/web/20061103010931im_/http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/victoria/images/centralimage_e.jpg)
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The landscape and architecture, or Geoscape, of southern Vancouver Island is the product
of a wide variety of natural processes acting over some 370 million years. Several episodes
of volcanism, erosion, sediment accumulation and crustal movement have provided one of the
world's best laboratories for the study of the effects of plate tectonics. By virtue
of its position beside an actively moving ocean floor throughout the past 170 million years,
Vancouver Island is an assembly of different pieces of the Earth's crust, all of which
originated at different times, at different places and under different circumstances. The
fact that earthquakes are a common occurrence in this region is dramatic evidence that crustal
movement is continuing today.
Added to these tectonic processes are the effects of glaciation. As recently as 15,000 years
ago, 1500 metres of ice covered most of the island. Fiords such as Saanich and Alberni inlets
as well as the straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca owe their existence in part, to the sculpting
power of ice.
![Kwakiutl Earthquake Mask](/web/20061103010931im_/http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/victoria/images/mask_e.jpg)
Kwakiutl Earthquake Mask
UBC Museum of Anthropology
The cumulative effect of these island-forming processes includes the beautiful scenery that
surrounds us as well as the formation of important mineral deposits and groundwater reservoirs.
It is these and other natural legacies of the geological history of southern Vancouver Island
that need our constant stewardship and care. Moreover, the probability that significantly
large earthquakes may occur requires thoughtful attention not only to safe building design
and construction but also to other matters affecting public safety.
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