Avian Botulism

Airboat and clean-up crew; Photo: Trent Bollinger, Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre

Avian botulism is a form of poisoning of wild and domestic birds caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum (type C). It is a recurring problem, often killing many thousands of waterfowl and shorebirds. Avian botulism occurs naturally and is a leading cause of bird deaths, especially in migratory waterfowl.

Ducks are most frequently affected, but avian botulism is known to affect all waterfowl, including geese and swans. Pelicans, gulls, shorebirds, raptors, and upland birds are also susceptible. Ways of effectively controlling botulism outbreaks remain uncertain.