Surface Features
Level Ice
Ice unaffected by deformation.
Deformed Ice
A general term for ice which has been squeezed together and in places forced upwards and downwards. Subdivisions are rafted ice, ridged ice and hummocked ice.
- Rafted Ice: Type of deformed ice formed by one piece of ice overriding another.
- Ridge: A line or wall of broken ice forced up by pressure. It may be fresh or weathered.
- Ice Keel: The submerged counterpart of a ridge. Ice keels may extend as much as 50 m below the surface.
- Hummock: A hillock (small hill) of broken ice which has been forced upwards by pressure. May be fresh or weathered.
- Bummock: The submerged counterpart of a hummock.
