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Chapter 9
Precautions – Avoiding Emergencies
BILGE PUMP ^
 Make
sure automatic bilge pumps and alarm systems are in top condition and
operating correctly before you embark. Test your bilge pumps by switching
from the automatic to manual position on the bilge pump switch and check
to see whether the pumps are operating. You should also check the automatic
float switch regularly by manually raising it to make sure that it switches
on the pump. Inspect the pump for debris or corrosion that might block
intakes or prevent the float switch from floating up properly. If this
switch fails, the pump won’t turn on and your boat could take on
sufficient water over time to do serious damage. Ensure that bilges are
free from oil and dirt to prevent an unintended, illegal discharge of
pollutants.
It is good seafarer practice to have a maintenance program that ensures
bilge-pumping systems are reliable. Operating practices that provide your
crew with the necessary training and familiarity with bilge pumping and
alarm systems should also be put in place.
SAIL PLAN ^
Small vessel operators are encouraged to file a sail plan with a responsible
person on shore, such as a person from their corporate office or a local
marina, before heading out. If this is not possible, a sail plan can be
filed with any Canadian Coast Guard Marine Communications and Traffic
Services Centre by telephone, radio, or in person.
A sail plan is a voyage itinerary that includes travel route and basic
details about your vessel. For long voyages, it is recommended that you
file a daily position report, especially if your planned route or schedule
has changed.
Be sure to deactivate the sail plan you have filed by reporting that
you have returned or completed your trip to avoid an unwarranted search
for your vessel.
The person holding your sail plan should be instructed to contact the
Rescue Coordination Centre if you are overdue. The telephone number can
be found at the front of most telephone books.
SAFE SPEED ^
You should maintain a safe speed at all times to avoid collision. Make
certain you have a clear, unobstructed all-around view. Keep in mind,
many boating collisions are caused by inattention and unsafe speeds.
LOADS AND STABILITY ^
Never load your vessel with passengers or cargo beyond its safe carrying
capacity. Too many people or too much cargo will cause the vessel to become
unstable, and possibly capsize. Always remember to distribute the load
to keep the vessel’s centre of gravity as low as possible. Secure
it to keep it from shifting and affecting the trim and stability of your
vessel (see Vessel Stability
, Chapter 11).
SEVERE WEATHER ^
In severe weather, turn on navigation lights, reduce speed to best handle
sea conditions, and maintain enough power to allow steerage. Crew and
passengers should put on life jackets. Ensure cargo and other objects
are secure. Close and secure all doors, hatches and other openings. Make
sure all overboard drains and freeing ports are open and clear of obstructions.
On small boats, seat passengers on the bottom of boat near the centre
line. If possible, head for the nearest port of refuge or shore that is
safe to approach. Try to direct the bow of your vessel into the waves
at about a 45-degree angle. Be sure to keep bilges free of water. If your
engine fails, run out a sea anchor on a line from the bow to keep the
boat headed into the waves.
EMERGENCY ALERTING ^
Be aware of your situation. If there is concern about the safety of your
vessel, crew, passengers, or cargo, do not hesitate to send an early alert.
Refer to this guide for emergency signals.
MORE INFORMATION ^
To consult your local Transport Canada Centre, please see Appendix
2.
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