This section applies in respect of all small vessels that are not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length.

Scuppers, freeing ports, drains, overboard discharge, and centreboard trunk openings may be located below the static float plane (SFP). Other openings are permitted below the SFP in the motor well for outboard engine controls or fuel lines. All openings below the SFP shall be provided with a boot or other means to minimize leakage.

For information on taking measurements of monohull vessels, see Appendix 1, part A1.5.

A motor well is acceptable if:

(a)  it tends to reverse the flow of any water striking the forward face of the well rather than directing it upward and forward;

(b)  it has control or other openings of minimum size for safe operation that are located as high as possible and not lower than the normal motor cutout in the transom, unless fitted with sealing devices to prevent flooding through the openings; and

(c)  it has drains fitted that will allow the complete drainage of water within a maximum of five (5) minutes.

Where an outboard power-driven small vessel is of monohull construction, the recommended maximum load in kilograms shall be determined as follows:

The recommended number of persons must not be greater than the recommended maximum load divided by 75 kg (165 lbs), the assumed weight of one adult person.

This subsection is divided into two categories:

(A)  for manufacturers, constructors, and importers of monohull small vessels; and

(B)  for monohull pleasure craft owners and monohull second hand pleasure craft brokers using the short method to calculate the recommended maximum power.

Where an outboard power-driven small vessel is of monohull construction and not exceeding 6 m in length, the maximum recommended power in kilowatts shall be determined in relation to the overall length of the vessel (Lh) and maximum transom width (D_h), excluding handles and extensions, but including permanently installed rub-rails. The formula to apply is determined by whether f (factor) = L_h X D_h is greater or less than 5.1, the midship deadrise angle, and the type of steering.

f = L_h X D_h

Alternatively, calculate the factor (f) and interpolate the recommended maximum power from the appropriate curve in Figure 4–2 based on the midship deadrise angle and type of steering.

If the factor is less than 5.1 (f < 5.1), use the following formulas to obtain the recommended maximum power in kilowatts (kW) or horsepower (hp):

(a)  midship deadrise angle less than 5 degrees (minimum factor f = 3.6)

Maximum Power (kW) = 5.82 X f – 18

Maximum Power (hp) = (5.82 X f – 18) / 0.745

(b)  midship deadrise angle greater than or equal to 5 degrees (minimum factor f = 3.0)

Maximum Power (kW) = 5.5 X f – 13

Maximum Power (hp) = (5.5 X f – 13) / 0.745

If the factor is equal to or greater than 5.1 (f ≥ 1), use the following formulas to obtain the power in kilowatts (kW) or horsepower (hp):

(a)  midship deadrise angle less than 5 degrees, remote and tiller steering Maximum Power (kW) = 4.2 X f – 11

Maximum Power (hp) = (4.2 X f – 11) / 0.745

(b)  midship deadrise angle greater than or equal to 5 degrees, tiller steering

Maximum Power (kW) = 6.4 X f – 19

Maximum Power (hp) = (6.4 X f – 19) / 0.745

(c)  midship deadrise angle greater than or equal to 5 degrees, remote steering

Maximum Power (kW) = 16 X f – 67

Maximum Power (hp) = (16 X f – 67) / 0.745

Where an outboard power-driven, second-hand pleasure craft is of monohull construction and is not over 6 m, the maximum recommended power in kilowatts shall be determined by obtaining a value, Numeral, in relation to the gross load (GL) and maximum transom width (D_h), and applying that Numeral to the appropriate curve in Figure 4–3.

Where

Numeral = the calculated value used to interpolate power in kilowatts from Figure 4–3 or to calculate power in equations 4.2.5.3.1 (a), (b), and (c).

GL = gross load in kilograms

Dh = maximum transom width in metres

As an alternative to using Figure 4-3, calculate the Numeral as indicated in 4.2.5.3 and apply this value to the appropriate formula listed below, determined by the Numeral value, overall vessel length, maximum transom width, midship deadrise angle, and type of steering.

(a)  The following formulas apply for maximum power (Curve 1):

Maximum Power (kW) = (0.071 X Numeral) + 18

Maximum Power (hp) = [(0.071 X Numeral) + 18] / 0.745

if the pleasure craft meets all the following conditions:

(i)  its numeral is equal to or exceeds 600 (N = 600);

(ii)  the length of vessel is greater than or equal to 4.75 m and it does not exceed 6 m (4.75 = L_h = 6 m);

(iii)  its transom width is greater than or equal to 1.22 m (D_h = 1.22 m);

(iv)  its midship deadrise angle is greater than 5 degrees (no flat bottom vessels);

(v)  the pleasure craft is fitted with remote steering.

(b)  The following formulas apply for maximum power (Curve 2):

Maximum Power (kW) = (0.056 X Numeral) + 11

Maximum Power (hp) = [(0.056 X Numeral) + 11] / 0.745

if the pleasure craft meets all the following conditions:

(i)  its numeral is greater than or equal to 250, but less than 600 ( 250 = N < 600 ),

(ii)  D_h is greater than or equal to 1.14 m but less than 1.22 m (1.14 m = D_h < 1.22),

(iii)  its midship deadrise angle is greater than 5 degrees (no flat bottom vessels),

(iv)  the pleasure craft is fitted with remote steering.

(c)  The following formulas apply for maximum power (Curve 3)

Maximum Power (kW) = 0.04 X Numeral

Maximum Power (hp) = (0.04 X Numeral) / 0.745

for pleasure craft not represented by (a) or (b)

Racing hydroplanes and similar low-volume racing craft are rated to a maximum of 7.4 kW (9.9 hp). This type of craft may use engine power greater than 7.4 kW (9.9 hp) only when engaged in, or in preparation for, an official competition.

This subsection applies to all power-driven small vessels not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length that are subject to swamping.

This subsection does not apply to the following:

(a)  small vessels powered by outboard engines, which are required to meet the criteria of the level flotation and stability standard in subsection 4.2.8; or

(b)  personal watercraft.

The method set out in subsection 4.2.7.3 or physical testing may be used to determine compliance with the relevant flotation criteria.

Every small vessel shall be fitted with inherently buoyant flotation material that provides sufficient buoyancy to keep the vessel from sinking when it is swamped and when the passengers are clinging to the outside of the vessel, where the individual weights of the motor, the passengers, and the equipment carried in or attached to the vessel do not exceed the weights used in the formula set out in paragraph 4.2.7.3.2.

The buoyancy required shall not be provided by air chambers greater than 0.014 m³ (0.5 ft3 ) in volume or by any air chambers that are integral with the hull structure.

The quantity of flotation material required for a small vessel to meet the requirements of paragraph 4.2.7.2.1 shall be calculated using the formula set out in paragraph 4.2.7.3.2.

Flotation material shall be placed or secured so that it cannot be accidentally moved or floated out of place.

Flotation material shall be protected, as far as practicable, from mechanical damage.

To determine the volume of buoyant material required, the swamped weight of the vessel must first be calculated (see 4.2.7.3.2). This value is then used to find the amount of flotation required (see 4.2.7.3.3). The amount of flotation is in turn used in the formula to determine the volume of buoyant material required (see 4.2.7.3.4).

The swamped weight (Ws) of the vessel and permanently installed fittings, excluding the engine and engine related equipment, shall be determined as follows:

W_s = ∑Whk + W_d + 0.69W_f

Where

W_s = Swamped weight in kilograms of vessel and fittings other then engine and engine related equipment

∑Whk = Wh₁k₁+Wh₂k₂+Wk₃k₃ ... Wh₁, Wh₂, Wh₃ ... = the dry weight in kilograms of various materials used in hull construction;

k₁, k₂, k₃ ... = a conversion factor applied to the weight of each piece of hull material (W_h), to convert the dry material (h) to an equivalent weight when submerged in fresh water as determined by Table 4-2

W_d = weight of deck and superstructure in kilograms

W_f = weight in kilograms of permanent fittings not included in W_d.

The amount of flotation required (W_fl ) is determined by the following formula:

W_fl = W_s + 0.75 W_e + 0.25 W_l

Where

W_s = swamped weight of the vessel in kilograms

W_e = dry weight of the engine and related equipment in kilograms as installed

W_l = the maximum load in kilograms, less the weight of the installed engine and related parts

The volume of buoyant material (V_b) required in cubic metres shall be determined as follows:

Where

W_b = weight in kilograms of 1 m³ of buoyant material used

W_fl = as calculated in 4.2.7.3.3

Flotation material, when used in the bilge or engine room bilge, shall not change volume by more than 5% after being immersed, for a period of time as set out in 4.2.7.4.2 and 4.2.7.4.3, at 29°C in each of the following liquids:

(a)  reference fuel B, in accordance with American Society of Testing and Materials ASTM D471;

(b)  No. 2 reference oil, in accordance with American Society of Testing and Materials ASTM D471; and

(c)  a 5% solution of trisodium phosphate in water.

The immersion time for flotation material used in the bilge shall be 24 hours.

The immersion time for flotation material used in the engine room bilge shall be 30 days.

Flotation material, when used in an engine room that is not open to the atmosphere, shall not reduce in volume by more than 5% after being immersed in a fully saturated gasoline vapour atmosphere for 30 days at 38°C.

The requirements of this subsection do not apply to flotation material used in a sealed compartment.

This subsection applies to all outboard power-driven small vessels not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length, except small vessels not subject to swamping, sailboats, canoes, kayaks, inflatable crafts, amphibious craft, and vessels designed for racing.

Inboard and inboard-outboard small vessels are required to meet the standards of subsection 4.2.7 and are not included in this subsection.

Numerical methods or physical testing may be used to determine compliance with the relevant flotation criteria.

Every permanently installed fitting supplied by the manufacturer or constructor, such as windshields and convertible tops, shall be secured in place.

The vessel shall be loaded with weights that, when submerged, are equivalent to the weight of the following:

(a)  50% of the live load of the vessel as defined in paragraph 1.2.1, up to 250 kg (550 lbs) and, if the live load exceeds 250 kg (550 lbs), 12% of the excess;

(b)  25% of the difference between maximum load and live load after deducting the weight of the engine, battery, and full fuel tank from the maximum load; and

(c)   the engine, battery, and fuel.

The weights in 4.2.8.2.2 (a) and (b) shall be placed so that their centre of gravity lies at the centre of the person-carrying area, but they shall all be contained within 16% of the person-carrying areas, as shown in Figure 4–5.

The weights in 4.2.8.2.2 (c) shall be placed as close as practicable to the position of those components they replace.

Permanent fuel tanks shall be filled with fuel and sealed.

Water and holding tanks shall be filled with fresh water.

For the purpose of physical testing, the vessel shall be swamped for a period of not less than 18 hours so that all compartments integral with the hull are flooded, no trapped air remains in the hull, and water is free to flow in and out of the hull.

Where air chambers are part of the flotation, the two largest shall be perforated so as to allow complete flooding.

The person carrying area is the area of a small vessel in which people may assume a safe sitting or standing position while the vessel is in operation.

The length of the person-carrying area is the distance along the centre line of the vessel between two assumed vertical lines, one forward and one aft of the area, when the vessel is on an even keel. For small vessels with a curved stem inside the person-carrying area, the forward vertical line intersects the stem at a point where a line drawn at 45 degrees to the horizontal is tangential to the stem. For small vessels with enclosed cabins, the forward vertical line is perpendicular to the centre line at the forward limit of that area where there is 0.6 m (2 ft) of headroom between the inside of the cabin top and the swamped waterline (see Figure 4–4).

The breadth of each person-carrying area is the distance between two assumed vertical lines at midlength, excluding consoles, of the person-carrying area when the small vessel is upright (see Figure 4–4). For small vessels with round chines, the vertical lines intersect the hull on each side at a point where lines drawn at 45 degrees to the horizontal are tangential to the hull on either side.

When the specified preconditioning has been completed (subsection 4.2.8.2), the small vessel shall float in fresh water as follows:

(a)  the angle of heel shall not exceed 10 degrees;

(b)  one part of either the bow or stern reference areas, as defined in paragraph 1.2.1, shall remain above the surface of the water; and

(c)  the midpoint of the submerged bow or stern reference area shall not be more than 152 mm (6 in) below the surface of the water.

Preconditioning shall be completed as for the level flotation test, except for deployment of live load weights specified in paragraph 4.2.8.2.2, which shall be redistributed as follows:

(a)  half of the weight is to be removed from the small vessel, with the other half arranged on one side of the vessel so that the horizontal centre of gravity of the weights falls within 152 mm (6 in) of the outer edge of the person-carrying area for at least 70% of its length (Figure 4–6);

(b)  the vertical centre of gravity of the weights shall be at least 102 mm (4 in) above the cockpit floor, or if the weights are placed on seats, the vertical centre of gravity of the weights shall be at least 102 mm (4 in) above the seats.

While floating in calm water, the small vessel shall not list more than 30 degrees with the weight redistributed.

One part of either the bow or stern reference area, as defined in paragraph 1.2.1, shall remain above the surface.

The midpoint of the submerged bow or stern reference area shall be not more than 305 mm (12 in) below the surface.

The criteria for developing the maximum recommended ratings are based on the flotation provided by the pontoons or multihulls. The following design conditions apply:

(a)  the multihull small vessel shall have only one deck;

(b)  the deck shall not extend beyond the width of the pontoons;

(c)  the deck length within railings defining person-carrying area shall not be more than 80% of the pontoon length and shall not overhang the pontoons;

(d)  the deck shall be located no more than 152 mm (6 in) above the pontoons; and

(e)  the deck shall drain freely.

Where the design of a multihull small vessel does not conform to the criteria in paragraph 4.3.1.1, the maximum load shall be determined by the stability tests in sections 4.3.1.3, 4.3.1.4 and 4.3.1.5, conducted with the maximum engine power which is intended for use with the small vessel and with full fuel tanks and operational equipment in the normal positions.

The transverse stability shall be tested by adding weights on the highest deck to one side as far outboard as is practicable within the limits of the design, until the top of the pontoon hull on the loaded side becomes awash.

The longitudinal stability shall be tested by adding weight on the highest deck evenly about a point in the longitudinal centre line of the vessel, one quarter of the length of the deck from forward, until the edge of the lower deck becomes immersed. This test shall be repeated at the aft end of the small vessel by adding weight evenly about a point one quarter of the length of the deck from aft until the edge of the lower deck or the top of the motor mounting bracket becomes immersed, whichever occurs first.

Ninety percent (90%) of the least of the weights attained in the tests above shall be the total weight of persons allowed on board the small vessel.

Where additional confirmation of a vessel’s stability is required, based on the calculation and assessment of the surveyor or inspector, the following approach shall be used: Alternative Standard for the Intact Stability of Small Passenger Vessels of Multiple Pontoon Configuration and Restricted Passenger Movement (Appendix B to Stab 5 of the Stability, Subdivision, and Load Line Standards [TP7301]).

Where a power-driven small vessel is of multihull construction and is not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length, the maximum recommended load in kilograms is determined by the lesser of the following
(a) or (b):

Where a small vessel is of multihull construction and is not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length, the recommended number of persons shall be determined in relation to the volume of pontoons, the volume of the largest compartment of the pontoon, gross load, and engine weight as follows:

Where a small vessel is of multihull construction and is not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length, the recommended maximum power in kilowatts shall be determined in relation to the squared length and the diameter of the pontoons as follows:

Maximum Power (kW) = 3 X L² X D_p

Where

L = length of the pontoon in metres

D_p = diameter of the pontoon in metres

The criteria for developing the maximum recommended ratings is based on the flotation provided by the inflated tubes, and in addition, where applicable, the volume of the hull below the cockpit sole.

Where a power-driven small vessel is of inflatable or rigid inflatable construction, that is not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length, the recommended maximum load in kilograms shall be determined in relation to the total volume of inflatable tubes (V) and the dry weight of the vessel as follows:

GL = (V X b X 0.75) – W

Where

GL = gross load in kilograms

V_t = the total volume of the inflated tubes in cubic metres, and where appropriate, the volume of the rigid or inflated hull below the cockpit sole

b = constant buoyancy factor = 1000 kg/m³

W = dry weight of the vessel in kilograms

The following variances, dependent on design features, are applied to the recommended maximum load results calculated by 4.4.2.1. Load reduction for the minimum number of chambers in the collar is as follows:

(a)  1 air chamber = 50% load reduction;

(b)  2 air chambers = 33% load reduction;

(c)  3 air chambers = 25% load reduction;

(d)  4 air chambers = No load reduction.

Where a power-driven small vessel is of inflatable or rigid inflatable construction and is not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length, the recommended maximum number of persons shall be determined in relation to gross load and engine weight in kilograms as follows:

Where a power-driven small vessel is of inflatable or rigid inflatable construction and is not over 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in length, the recommended maximum power shall be determined in relation to total vessel length, its beam, the total internal volume of the inflatable tubes and a design factor, as follows:

The following variances (Table 4–3) are applied to the recommended maximum power calculation in 4.4.4.1. Choose one of the factors from the calculation method in relation to the design features (small vessel length, stern type, type of steering and its location):