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References

  1. Bellrose, F. C. 1976. Ducks, geese and swans of North America. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA.
  2. Bent, A. C. A series of bulletins on the life history characteristics of North American Birds. Originally published by the Smithsonian Institute and republished by Dover Publications Inc., New York, NY.
  3. Blokpoel, H. Research Scientist at the Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada. Personal communication, 1998.
  4. Bruce Peterjohn, United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Summary of Breeding Bird Survey data.
  5. Clapp, R. B., M. K. Klimkiewicz, and A. G. Futcher. 1982. Longevity records of North American birds: Columbidae through Paridae. Journal of Field Ornithology 54: 123- 138.
  6. Clapp, R. B., M. K. Klimkiewicz, and J. H. Kennard. 1982. Longevity records of North American birds: Gavidae through Alcidae. Journal of Field Ornithology 53: 81-125.
  7. DeGraff, R. M., G. M. Whitman, J. W. Lanier, B. J. Hill, and J. M. Keniston. 1975. Forest habitat for birds of the northeast. United States Forest Service and Department of Agriculture.
  8. DeGraff, R. M., N. G. Tilghman, and S. H. Anderson. 1985. Foraging guilds of North American Birds. Environmental Management 9: 493-536.
  9. Denis, K. 1961. Birds of the Canadian Lakehead area. Thunder Bay Field Naturalist Club. Suppl. No. 2: 1-8.
  10. Devitt, O. E. 1967. The Birds of Simcoe county, Ontario. Barie. Breton Field Naturalist Club. 192 pp.
  11. Droege, S. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Biological Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Maryland. Unpublished database.
  12. Dunning, J.B. 1984. Body weights of 686 North American birds. Western Bird Banding Association. Monograph No. 1.
  13. Ehrlich, P. R., D. S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1988. The birder's handbook: a field guide to the natural history of North American Birds. Simon and Schuster Inc., New York, NY.
  14. Environment Canada Web site (http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/index.htm). List of species at risk in Canada as designated by COSEWIC, 1997.
  15. Fillman, D. Wildlife Technician at Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada. Personal communication, 1998.
  16. Friedmann, H. and L.F. Kiff. 1985. The parasitic cowbirds and their hosts. Proceedings of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 2:226-302.
  17. Gauthier, J., and Y. Aubry (eds). 1996. The breeding birds of Quebec: atlas of the breeding birds of Southern Quebec. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Quebec Region, Montreal, 1302 pp.
  18. Godfrey, W. E. 1986. The birds of Canada. D.W. Friesen and Sons. Ltd., Ottawa, ON.
  19. Grossman, M.L., and J. Hamlet. 1964. Birds of prey of the world. Clarkson N. Potter Inc., New York, New York. 495pp.
  20. Hanowski, J. M. Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, United States. Unpublished database.
  21. Harris, M.P. 1984. The Puffin. T. & A.D. Poyser Ltd, Staffordshire, England. 224pp.
  22. Kennedy, J. Biologist at the Canadian Wildlife Service in Hull, PQ. Information from the CANBIRD database.
  23. Klimkiewicz, M. K. and A. G. Futcher. 1987. Longevity records of North American birds: Coerebinae through Estrilidae. Journal of Field Ornithology 58: 318-334.
  24. Klimkiewicz, M.K., and A.G. Futcher. 1989. Longevity records of North American birds - supplement 1. Journal of Field Ornithology 60:469-494.
  25. Klimkiewicz, M. K., R. B. Clapp, and A. G. Futcher. 1983. Longevity records of North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae. Journal of Field Ornithology 54: 287- 295.
  26. Mather, M. H. Contract Biologist, Nanaimo, British Columbia. Personal communication, 1995.
  27. Monkonnen, M. Dept. of Zoology, University of Oulu, Finland. Unpublished database.
  28. National Geographic Society. 1987. Field guide to the birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washinton, D.C.
  29. Nettleship, D.N., and T.R. Birkhead (eds). 1985. The Atlantic Alcidae. Academic Press, London, England. 574pp.
  30. Palmer, R.S. 1976. Handbook of North American birds (Volume 2) - Waterfowl. Yale University Press, London, England. 521pp.
  31. Peck, G. K. and R. D. James. 1983. Breeding birds of Ontario: nidiology and distribution. Vol. 1. Nonpasserines. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publication.
  32. Peck, G. K. and R. D. James. 1987. Breeding birds of Ontario: nidiology and distribution. Vol. 2. Passerines. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publication.
  33. Poole, A., and F.Gill (eds.). 1992-. The Birds of North America. A series of monographs on North American Birds. Birds of North America Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
  34. Ralph, C. J., G. Butcher, K. K. Busse, J. S. Bradley. Shared migratory birds between North and Latin America. United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
  35. Robbins, C. S., D. K. Dawson, and B. A. Dowell. 1989. Habitat requirements of breeding forest birds of the middle Atlantic states. Wildlife Monographs 103: 1-34.
  36. Ross, R. K. Waterfowl Biologist at the Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada. Personal communication, 1995.
  37. Saunders, R. M. 1947. Flashing wings. McLelland and Stewart, Toronto. 388 pp.
  38. Saunders, W. E. and E. M. S. Dale. 1933. A history and list of the birds of Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada. Trans. Royal Can. Inst. 9: 161-248.
  39. Schoener, T. W. 1968. Sizes of feeding territories among birds. Ecology 49: 123-141.
  40. Shuttler, D. Wildlife contractor at the Canadian Wildlife Sevice, Environment Canada. Personal communication, 1995.
  41. Speirs, J. M. 1985. The birds of Ontario. Natural Heritage / Natural History Inc., Toronto, ON. 986 pp.
  42. Sutherland, D. A. 1994. Natural Heritage Resources of Ontario: Birds. Natural Heritage Information Center, Peterborough, ON.
  43. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Breeding Bird Survey.
 

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