TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Compliance through

Knowledge

Viva-Voce

Application

1. Radar

1.1 Describe the principles of Radar.

1.1.1 Define the acronym RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging).

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1.1.2 Explain the principles of electro-magnetic energy transmission.

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1.1.3 State how radar uses electro-magnetic energy to perform its function.

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1.2 List the five (5) main components of a marine radar system and describe the basic functions of each main component.

1.2.1 Describe the function of the transmission unit and its related components: ÞÞ Power supply. ÞÞ Modulator. ÞÞ Trigger signals, Transmit/ Receiver (T/R) switch. ÞÞ Timing circuitry. ÞÞ Antenna. Þ X versus S band.

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1.2.2 Describe the function of the Antenna and its related components: Þ Transmission of pulses. Þ Beam width. Þ Horizontal scanning time. Þ Reception of echoes.

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Application

1. Radar (Continued)

1.2.3 Describe the function of the receiving unit and its related components: Þ Detection of pulses. Þ Processing of pulses.

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1.2.4 Describe the display unit and its related components: Þ Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT). Þ Painting of echoes. Þ Raster versus radial scan. Þ Touch screen display.

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1.2.5 Describe the main performance controls: Þ Performance monitor. Þ Clutter controls. Þ Gain. Þ Tuning. Þ Analogue specific; brilliance, focus. Þ Digital specific; brilliance, contrast.

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1.3 Recognize that radar consists of computer components.

1.3.1 List the main components of a computer system: Þ Input device. Þ Output device. Þ Printed circuit boards. Þ Central processing unit (CPU). Þ Memory.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

1. Radar (Continued)

1.3.2 Relate computer processing to radar: Þ Analogue and digital concepts. Þ Analogue to digital converter. Þ Auto-tuning. Þ Auto clutter. Þ Trails. Þ Manual plotting. Þ Image expansion. Þ Image averaging.

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1.4 Identify IMO radar terms, symbols and controls.

1.4.1 Identify IMO Performance Standards for Radar Equipment.

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1.4.2 Define radar associated terms and symbols/controls, IMO and others.

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1.5 Demonstrate the correct set-up and shut-down procedure of a marine Radar.

1.5.1 Perform pre power-on checks.

1.5.2 Describe the function of each display control.

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1.5.3 Demonstrate the use of each control in the setting up procedure.

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1.5.4 Prepare a radar display  for operational use in: Þ Head-up orientation. Þ Course-up orientation. Þ North-up orientation. Þ True motion (ground stabilized) mode. Þ True motion (sea stabilized) mode.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

1. Radar (Continued)

1.5.5 Perform radar shut-down procedure.

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1.5.6 Identify the limitations of different display modes and orientations and the dangers of misinterpretation.

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1.6 Demonstrate basic knowledge of the physical, atmospheric and inherent errors and limitations in a marine radar system.

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1.6.1 Describe how a target’s characteristics affect its displayed echo on a radar screen.

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1.6.2 Describe how atmospheric conditions can affect the performance of a marine radar.

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1.6.3 Describe how maladjustment or improper operation of certain radar components can affect the radar’s performance.

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1.6.4 Describe the inherent errors which exist in a marine radar.

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1.6.5 Demonstrate the use of the operating manual and system check menu(s) to identify malfunction of major components.

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1.7 Demonstrate an ability to use radar for navigation.

1.7.1 Describe the presentation of: Þ Head-up. Þ Course-up. Þ North-up. Þ Relative motion mode. Þ True motion mode.

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1.7.2 Describe and demonstrate the function of each radar display control.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

1. Radar (Continued)

1.7.3 Perform navigational position fixing using radar ranges and bearings (true and relative) from stabilized and unstabilized presentations.

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1.7.4 Discuss and set warning parameters.

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1.7.5 Describe use of Nav Lines and Nav Points.

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1.7.6 Recognize and correct maladjustment of controls.

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1.7.7 Determine the heading marker, bearing marker, range marker, range ring and variable range marker error.

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1.7.8 Correct range and bearing data for known errors.

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1.7.9 Describe the function and detection of a SART and action required by the officer of the watch (OOW).

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1.7.10 Describe detection, function and navigational use of Radar Beacons (RACON) and radar reflectors.

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1.7.11 Discuss the operation of radar in high speed craft (Ref. High Speed Craft code).

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1.8 Describe the use of radar for collision avoidance in all conditions of visibility including:

1.8.1 use of radar as a collision warning device.

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1.8.2 the function of echo trail or echo track.

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1.8.3 the function of manual plotting on the radar presentation.

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1.8.4 appropriate Collision Regulations as they pertain to radar.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

1. Radar (Continued)

1.9 Identify routine radar checks.

1.9.1 Demonstrate the periodic operational checks to be performed by the radar operator.

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1.9.2 Describe the purpose and contents of the radar log.

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2. ARPA

2.1 Recognize the need for Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA).

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2.1.1 Define the acronym ARPA.

2.1.2 Identify appropriate Collision Regulations as they pertain to ARPA.

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2.1.3 Relate ARPA to maintaining a radar watch.

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2.2 Recognize ARPA as a computer.

2.2.1 Relate computer processing to ARPA.

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2.3 Appreciate ARPA as a component of marine radar system.

2.3.1 Identify the sensors that supply ARPA input data.

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2.3.2 Explain the processing of the input data.

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2.3.3 Describe the ARPA output displays.

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2.4 Identify ARPA terms, symbols and limitations.

2.4.1 Discuss the IMO performance Standard for Automatic Radar Plotting Aids.

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2.4.2 Define ARPA (IMO) associated terms and symbols.

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2.4.3 Define ARPA limitations, inaccuracies of information, and dangers of over reliance.

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2.5 Explain how ARPA data is used for determination of risk of collision and collision avoidance.

TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

2. ARPA (Continued)

2.5.1 Discuss appropriate action based on ARPA data and Collision Regulations.

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2.5.2 Describe the function of each ARPA control.

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2.5.3 Describe operation of trial maneuver.

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2.5.4 Describe target history and its use.

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2.6 Identify other ARPA/Radar features that are used for navigation.

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2.6.1 Geographic functions.

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2.6.2 Set and drift prediction.

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3. Radar Plotting

3.1 Describe the need for radar plotting in collision avoidance.

3.1.1 Review the Collision Regulations which apply to radar plotting. Þ explain the rules that apply under all conditions of visibility. Þ explain the rules that apply when vessels are in sight of one another. Þ explain the rules that apply when vessels are not in sight of one another.

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3.2 Construct a motion triangle using M.O.T. symbols (Motion, Own, Target).

3.2.1 Explain plotting geometry and relative motion concepts. Þ relative motion stabilized. Þ relative motion unstabilized. Þ true motion.

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3.2.2 Review radar display modes. Þ relative motion stabilized. Þ relative motion unstabilized. Þ true motion.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

3. Radar Plotting (Continued)

3.2.3 Develop the motion triangle. Þ Head-up. Þ North-up. Þ True-motion.

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3.3 Interpret the motion in all display modes.

3.3.1 Predict Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and time of CPA (TCPA) using the motion triangle.

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3.3.2 Determine target course and speed using motion triangle.

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3.3.3 Find the aspect by construction.

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3.3.4 Recognize the use of the manual plotting facility on radar as an alternative process for the paper plot.

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3.4 Plan collision avoidance action using motion triangle for all presentations.

3.4.1 Identify possible collision avoidance options.

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3.4.2 Construct appropriate prediction motion triangle based on selected options.

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3.4.3 Verify safety of planned action.

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3.4.4 Verify the necessity for action.

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3.5 Discuss application of radar plotting in multi-target situation.

3.5.1 Determine data report for all targets.

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3.5.2 Analyze target data reports.

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3.5.3 Plan the most appropriate action based on the data reports in accordance with Collision Regulations.

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3.5.4 Execute the planned action and evaluate effectiveness.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

4. Satellite Navigation (GPS/DGPS)

4.1 Describe three (3) main segments of Global Positioning System (GPS).

4.1.1 Discuss the space segment.

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4.1.2 Discuss the Terrestrial segment.

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4.1.3 Discuss the user segment.

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4.2 Describe how the GPS works.

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4.2.1 Discuss the IMO performance standards for GPS receiver equipment.

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4.2.2 Discuss how the position is calculated.

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4.2.3 Discuss the concept of time, pseudo ranges, codes and noise.

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4.2.4 Discuss the military and civilian signals and identify levels of service available.

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4.2.5 State GPS precision.

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4.2.6 Describe the various types of receivers.

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4.2.7 Explain the levels of service available.

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4.3 Describe the errors of GPS.

4.3.1 Describe the system errors.

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4.3.2 Describe the independent errors.

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4.4 Describe the operation and the use of GPS.

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4.4.1 Demonstrate the setting up procedure of a GPS receiver. Þ identify the data required for initialization. Þ initialize the receiver. Þ perform the necessary data input. Þ discuss the updating process. Þ demonstrate the use of the receiver/search, acquire and lock on.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

4. Satellite Navigation (GPS/DGPS) (Continued)

4.5 Discuss geodesy as it relates to GPS.

4.5.1 Explain the concept of geodesy.

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4.5.2 Identify GPS coordinate systems.

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4.5.3 Discuss various datum.

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4.6 Discuss Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS).

4.6.1 Explain the principles of extracting errors.

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4.6.2 Discuss the principles of applying differential corrections.

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4.6.3 Discuss GPS and WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) corrections.

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4.7 Recognize Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) as a satellite navigation system.

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4.7.1 Discuss GLONASS operation.

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5. LORAN-C

5.1 Describe the components of the Loran-C System.

5.1.1 Discuss IMO performance standards for Loran C.

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5.1.2 Discuss the principles of hyperbolic navigation.

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5.1.3 Discuss the land-based components of the Loran-C system.

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5.1.4 Discuss the ship borne component of the Loran-C system.

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5.2 Demonstrate the setting up of a Loran-C Receiver.

5.2.1 Explain the setting up procedure of a Loran-C receiver.

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5.2.2 Demonstrate the setting up procedure of a Loran-C receiver.

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5.3 Explain the navigational functions of a Loran-C Receiver.

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5.3.1 Explain the various navigational displays.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

5. LORAN-C (Continued)

5.3.2 Identify the uses of Loran-C data.

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5.3.3 Describe the use of the built in navigation computer.

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5.3.4 Identify the additional applications of a Loran-C.

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5.4 Identify the errors and limitations of the Loran-C System.

5.4.1 Discuss the inherent errors of the system.

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5.4.2 Discuss the operational errors of the system.

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5.4.3 Discuss the variable errors of the system.

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5.4.4 Discuss the limitations of the system.

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5.5 Features common to GPS and LORAN C instruments.

5.5.1 Demonstrate route planning.

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5.5.2 Demonstrate route monitoring.

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5.5.3 Identify interface protocols.

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6. Gyro-Compass, Auto Pilot and Course Recorder

6.1 Describe the basic principle of a gyro-compass.

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6.2 Describe the performance standard for heading control systems.

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6.3 Describe the starting and stopping procedure for a gyrocompass.

6.3.1 Recognize the importance of the operator’s manual.

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6.3.2 Demonstrate the correct starting procedure.

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6.3.3 Describe the correct stopping procedure.

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6.4 Describe the set-up procedure for a gyrocompass repeater system.

6.4.1 List various applications of gyrocompass repeaters.

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6.4.2 Describe the set-up procedure for each type.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

6. Gyro-Compass, Auto Pilot and Course Recorder (Continued)

6.5 State the operational checks and performance monitoring functions to be performed on a gyro-compass and repeaters.

6.5.1 List the checks required for a gyro-compass.

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6.5.2 Detail the documentation necessary.

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6.6 Identify the limitations of a gyro-compass.

6.6.1 List the limitations of a gyro-compass.

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6.6.2 Describe the effect of each limitation.

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6.7 Discuss the characteristics of auto-pilot.

6.7.1 List the advantages of auto-pilot.

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6.7.2 List the disadvantages of auto-pilot.

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6.8 Discuss the basic operation of auto-pilot.

6.8.1 Describe the basic components of an auto-pilot.

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6.8.2 Describe the function of the main controls on an auto-pilot.

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6.8.3 Explain the changeover procedure from auto to manual and emergency steering.

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6.8.4 Describe the adjustment of controls for optimum performance.

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6.9 Identify the uses of a course recorder.

6.9.1 Describe the operation of a course recorder.

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6.9.2 List the uses of a course recorder.

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7. Echo Sounder

7.1 Describe the principles of echo sounding.

7.1.1 Explain the principles of sound transmission in water.

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7.1.2 Show how an echo sounder uses sound to perform its functions.

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TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Application

7. Echo Sounder (Continued)

7.2 Describe the components of an echo sounder.

7.2.1 Identify the principal components.

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7.2.2 Describe the function and operational maintenance of each principal component.

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7.3 Demonstrate the setting up procedure for an echo sounder.

7.3.1 List the controls found on an echo sounder.

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7.3.2 Demonstrate the function of each control.

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7.3.3 Prepare an echo sounder display for use.

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7.4 Explain the use of the echo sounder data.

7.4.1 Application of echo sounder data to general navigation.

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7.4.2 Application of echo sounder data to specific navigation.

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7.5 Discuss the errors and limitations of an echo sounder.

7.5.1 List and describe the errors of an echo sounder.

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7.5.2 List and describe the limitations of an echo sounder.

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8. Logs

8.1 Name the different types of log.

8.1.1 Appreciate the need for a log.

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8.1.2 Determine the speed of the vessel.

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8.1.3 Determine the distance traveled by the vessel.

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8.1.4 Determine the log error.

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8.1.5 Determine the vessel’s position.

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8.2 Identify the information given by a log.

8.2.1 Identify the vessel’s speed through the water.

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8.2.2 Find the vessel’s speed over the ground.

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