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Online TDM Encyclopedia
Updated November 2005
Transportation Demand Management (TDM) is a general
term for strategies that result in more efficient use of transportation
resources. This Encyclopedia is a comprehensive source of information
about innovative management solutions to transportation problems. It provides
detailed information on dozens of demand management strategies, plus general
information on TDM planning and evaluation techniques. It is produced
by the Victoria Transport Policy Institute to increase
understanding and implementation of TDM.
Contents
Overview
Strategies To Achieve Specific Objectives
TDM Strategies
Improved Transport
Options
Incentives To Use
Alternative Modes and Reduce Driving
Parking and Land
Use Management
Policy And Institutional
Reforms
TDM Programs and Program Support
TDM Planning and Evaluation
Reference Information
Overview
These chapters describe this Encyclopedia and TDM. |
| About This Encyclopedia |
Describes the concept of accessibility, how it is evaluated, and ways
to improve access. |
| Why Manage Transportation? |
Discusses reasons to apply transportation demand management. |
| Success Stories |
Describes successful TDM programs. |
| Win-Win Transportation Solutions |
Describes several TDM strategies that provide a combination of economic,
social and environmental benefits. |
Strategies To Achieve Specific
Objectives
These chapters describe and rank strategies for achieving specific objectives. |
| Congestion Reduction Strategies |
Strategies for reducing traffic congestion. |
| Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Strategies |
Strategies for reducing vehicle energy consumption and pollution emissions. |
| Parking Solutions |
Solutions to parking problems. |
| Livability Strategies |
Strategies that make a community a desirable place to live, work and visit. |
| Improving Equity |
Strategies that help achieve equity objectives. |
| Health and Fitness |
Strategies that improve public health and fitness through physical activity. |
| Rural Community TDM |
Strategies that can help improve transportation in low-density, rural
areas. |
| Safety Strategies |
Strategies for improving traffic safety and public health. |
| Transportation Affordability |
Strategies that increase transportation affordability. |
TDM Strategies |
|
These chapters describe specific TDM strategies. The strategies
are divided into major categories according to how they impact travel. |
Improved Transport Options |
| Address Security Concerns |
Strategies for improving personal security. |
| Alternative Work Schedules |
Flextime, Compressed Work Week (CWW), and staggered shifts. |
| Bus Rapid Transit |
Bus system design features that significantly improve service quality and cost efficiency. |
| Cycling Improvements |
Strategies for improving bicycle transport. |
| Bike/Transit Integration |
Ways to integrate bicycling and public transit. |
| Carsharing |
Vehicle rental services that substitute for private vehicle ownership. |
| Flextime |
Flexible daily work schedules. |
| Guaranteed Ride Home |
An occasional subsidized ride home for commuters who use alternative modes. |
| Individual Actions for Efficient Transport |
Actions that individuals can take to support TDM objectives. |
| Light Rail Transit |
Light Rail Transit systems are designed to provide convenient local service on busy urban corridors. |
| Nonmotorized Planning |
Planning for walking, cycling, and small-wheeled transport. |
| Nonmotorized Facility Management |
Best practices for managing and maintaining nonmotorized facilities such
as walkways, sidewalks and paths. |
| Park & Ride |
Programs to provide convenient parking at transit and rideshare stations. |
| Pedestrian Improvements |
Strategies for improving walking conditions. |
| Ridesharing |
Strategies for encouraging carpooling and vanpooling. |
| Shuttle Services |
Shuttle buses, jitneys and free transit zones. |
| Small Wheeled Transport |
Accommodating skates, scooters, handcarts and utility wagons. |
| Taxi Service Improvements |
Strategies for improving taxi services. |
| Telework (Telecommuting, Distance-Learning, Tele-shopping,
etc.) |
Use of telecommunications as a substitute for physical travel. |
| Traffic Calming |
Roadway designs that reduce vehicle traffic speeds and volumes. |
| Transit Improvements |
Strategies for improving public transit services. |
| Universal Design (Barrier Free Transport Planning) |
Transportation systems that accommodate all users, including people with
disabilities and other special needs |
Incentives To Use Alternative
Modes and Reduce Driving |
| Walking And Cycling Encouragement |
Strategies for encouraging nonmotorized transportation. |
| Commuter Financial Incentives |
Parking cash out, travel allowance, transit and rideshare benefits. |
| Congestion Pricing |
Variable road pricing used to reduce peak-period vehicle trips. |
| Distance-Based Pricing |
Various fees and taxes based on a vehicle’s mileage. |
| Fuel Taxes |
Increasing fuel taxes to achieve TDM objectives. |
| HOV (High Occupant Vehicle) Priority |
Strategies that give transit and rideshare vehicles priority over other
traffic. |
| Parking Pricing |
Charging motorists directly for parking. |
| Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance |
Converting vehicle insurance premiums into distance-based fees. |
| Road Pricing |
Congestion pricing, value pricing, road tolls and HOT lanes |
| Road Space Reallocation |
Roadway design and management practices that favor efficient modes. |
| Speed Reductions |
Strategies to reduce traffic speeds. |
| Street Reclaiming |
Strategies for encouraging community interaction on neighborhood streets. |
| Transit Encouragement |
Strategies for encouraging public transit use. |
| Vehicle Use Restrictions |
Strategies to limit vehicle traffic at a particular time and place. |
Parking and Land Use Management |
| Bicycle Parking |
Bicycle racks, bicycle lockers and changing facilities. |
| Car-Free Districts and Pedestrianized Streets |
Designing special areas and times for minimal automobile use. |
| Strong Commercial Centers |
Creating vibrant downtowns, business districts, urban villages and other
accessible, mixed-use activity centers. |
| Connectivity |
Creating More Connected Roadway and Pathway Networks. |
| Land Use Density and Clustering |
Locating common destinations close together can increase land use accessibility
and transportation diversity. |
| Location Efficient Development |
Development that maximizes multi-modal accessibility. |
| Multi-Modal Access Guides |
Describes how to develop a guide with customized directions to a particular
destination by various modes. |
| New Urbanism |
Accessible, livable community design. |
| Parking Cost, Pricing and Revenue Calculator |
Excel spreadsheet calculates parking facility costs, prices and revenue. |
| Parking Management |
Strategies for more efficient use of parking. |
| Parking Pricing |
Charging motorists directly for parking. |
| Parking Solutions |
Comprehensive menu of solutions to parking problems. |
| Parking Evaluation |
Guidelines for evaluating parking problems and solutions. |
| Shared Parking |
Sharing parking facilities among multiple users. |
| Smart Growth |
Land use practices to create more efficient and livable communities. |
| Smart Growth Reforms |
Policy and planning reforms that encourage Smart Growth. |
| Smart Growth Reforms - Comprehensive |
This report provides detailed information on Planning, regulatory and fiscal reforms that result in more accessible and multi-modal land use development. (PDF Format) |
| Streetscape Improvements |
This chapter describes various ways to improve urban streetscapes. |
| Transit Oriented Development (TOD) |
Using transit stations as a catalyst for creating livable communities. |
| Land Use Impacts on Transport |
Describes how land use factors such as density, mix and regional accessibility affect travel behavior. |
| Land Use Impacts on Transport - Comprehensive |
This comprehensive report provides detailed information on how land use factors affect travel behavior. (PDF Format) |
Policy And Institutional Reforms
|
| Asset Management |
Policies and programs to preserve valuable assets. |
| Car-Free Planning |
Reduced driving at particular times and places. |
| Change Management |
Discusses ways to build support for institutional change. |
| Comprehensive Market Reforms |
Policy changes that result in more efficient transport pricing. |
| Context Sensitive Design |
Flexible design requirements to reflect community values. |
| Contingency-Based Planning |
A flexible planning strategy that deals with uncertainly by applying solutions as needed in the future. |
| Institutional Reforms |
Creating organizations that support efficient transport. |
| Least Cost Planning |
Creating an unbiased framework for transport planning. |
| Operations and Management Programs |
Transport operations and management programs encourage more efficient use of existing roadway systems. |
| Prioritizing Transportation |
Principles for prioritizing transportation activities and investments. |
| Regulatory Reform |
Policy changes to encourage competition, innovation, diversity and efficiency
in transport services. |
TDM Programs and Program Support |
| Access Management |
Improved coordination between roadway design and land use. |
| Aviation Transport Management |
Applying TDM to air transport. |
| Campus Transport Management |
Transport management for colleges, universities and other large facilities. |
| Data Collection and Surveys |
Data collection for TDM program planning and evaluation. |
| Commute Trip Reduction |
Programs that encourage more efficient commuting. |
| Emergency Response Transport Management |
Discusses transport management under emergency and disaster conditions. |
| Funding Options |
Describes various ways to fund transportation programs and evaluates the degree to which they support TDM objectives. |
| Intelligent Transportation |
Describes the use of new information technologies to improve transportation
system performance and efficiency. |
| Freight Transport Management |
Strategies for improving the efficiency of freight and commercial transport. |
| School Transport Management |
Transport management for schools. |
| Special Event Management |
Transportation management for major events, construction projects and
emergencies. |
| TDM in Developing Countries |
Implementing TDM in developing countries and regions. |
| TDM Marketing |
Programs to promote TDM. |
| TDM Programs |
Developing an institutional framework for implementing TDM. |
| Tourist Transport Management |
Transportation management for tourist and leisure travel. |
| Transportation Management Associations (TMA) |
Member-controlled organizations that provide transportation services in
a particular area. |
TDM Planning and Evaluation |
These chapters provide information on TDM planning and
evaluation techniques. |
| Accessibility |
Describes the concept of accessibility, how it is evaluated, and ways
to improve access. |
| Automobile Dependency |
Transportation and land use patterns that increase automobile use and
reduced transport options. |
| Basic Access |
Describes the concepts of “Basic Access” and “Basic
Mobility” and how these concepts can be applied in transport planning. |
| Comprehensive Transportation Planning |
Describes how to create a more comprehensive framework for planning and
evaluating transportation. |
| Evaluating Criticism of TDM |
Evaluates various criticisms of TDM. |
| Land Use Evaluation |
Examines how transportation decisions affect land use patterns, and the
economic, social and environmental impacts that result. |
| Land Use Evaluation - Comprehensive |
This comprehensive report examines how transportation decisions affect land use patterns, and the
economic, social and environmental impacts that result. (PDF Format) |
| Evaluating Nonmotorized Transport |
Describes techniques for evaluating walking and cycling for planning purposes. |
| Evaluating Pricing Strategies |
Factors to consider when evaluating TDM strategies that change transportation
prices. |
| Evaluating TDM |
Describes methods for evaluating TDM. |
| Equity Evaluation |
Discusses concepts of equity and how to evaluate the equity impacts of TDM strategies and programs. |
| Evaluating Transportation Equity - Comprehensive |
This comprehensive report discusses concepts of transportation equity and how to evaluate the equity
impacts of specific transport planning decisions. (PDF Format) |
| Evaluating Transportation System Diversity and Options |
Describes the benefits of having a diverse, balanced transportation system,
and methods for evaluating these benefits. |
| Market Principles |
Discusses general market principles and the degree to which TDM strategies
reflect these principles. |
| Health and Fitness |
Discusses the public health and fitness impacts of transportation planning decisions. |
| Evaluating Resilience and Security |
Explores the concepts of resilience and security and their implications
for transportation planning. |
| Measuring Transportation |
Discusses various ways to measure transportation performance and their
implications for transportation planning. |
| Pricing Methods |
Describes and compares methods of collecting road tolls, parking fees
and mileage charges. |
| Rebound Effects |
Discusses “rebound effects” and their implications for transportation
planning. |
| Evaluating Safety Impacts |
Discusses how TDM strategies impact traffic safety, security and public
health. |
| Transit Evaluation |
Describes how to evaluate public transit services for planning purposes. |
| Sustainable Transport and TDM |
Discusses how TDM can help achieve sustainable transport planning objectives. |
| Economic Development Impacts |
Examines how TDM affects economic productivity, employment, business activity and investment. |
| Planning and Implementation |
Discusses various issues to consider when planning and implementing Transportation
Demand Management programs. |
Reference Information |
These chapters provide additional technical information
about TDM. |
| Costs of Driving |
Summarizes estimates of the costs of driving. |
| Glossary |
Defines special words used for TDM planning. |
| Prestige and Pleasure |
Discusses mobility as a prestige good and as a pleasurable activity, and
the implications for transport planning. |
| Potential TDM Strategies |
This paper briefly describes the various types of TDM strategies. |
| Resources |
Publications and websites for more information on TDM. |
| Transportation Statistics |
Describes transportation data sources throughout the world. |
| Transportation Costs & Benefits |
Describes and estimates various transportation costs and benefits. |
| Transportation Elasticities |
Describes how changes in transportation prices (fares, fuel, parking fees, tolls, etc.) affect travel behavior. |
| Transportation Elasticities - Comprehensive |
This comprehensive report provides detailed information on how changes in transportation prices (fares, fuel, parking fees, tolls, etc.) affect travel behavior. (PDF Format) |
| Trip Reduction Tables |
Describes how parking prices and commuter benefits affect commute travel
patterns. |
| Wit and Humor |
To add a little fun, jokes and clever quotes are scattered through the
Encyclopedia. This chapter has all of them, at least the introduction to
each one. Follow the links to the punchlines. |
This Encyclopedia is produced by the Victoria Transport Policy
Institute to help improve understanding of Transportation Demand
Management. It is an ongoing project. Please send
us your comments and suggestions for improvement. |
