General

Q1.  Are there any precedents for SMS in other countries and/or industries?

Transport Canada is probably the world leader so far as formal aviation regulation goes. However, there are several cases where aviation organizations have introduced similar systems voluntarily. For example, some areas within NAV CANADA have had a form of SMS since their inception.

If we look outside aviation, the chemical industry stands out as one where several companies have introduced similar systems. In the United Kingdom, Shell, Dupont and INCO have all introduced forms of SMS. With respect to the Accountable Executive requirements, some countries have gone much further, for example the UK, in reaction to a marine tragedy, has introduced “corporate killing” provisions into the criminal code, making senior corporate executives potentially liable for imprisonment.

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