Digest of Benefit Entitlement Principles - Chapter 1
BASIC CONCEPTS
1.5.0 EXTENSION OF BENEFIT PERIOD
1.5.1 Grounds for Extension
1.5.2 Other Reasons for Disentitlement
1.5.3 Calculation of Extension
1.5.4 Confinement in a Prison or Similar Institution
1.5.5 Workers Compensation Payments
1.5.6 Payments for Preventative Withdrawal of Work
1.5.7 Allocation of Monies
1.5.8 Grounds for Extension when Special Benefits are Claimed
1.5.0 EXTENSION OF BENEFIT PERIOD
There are four grounds under which an extension of the benefit period may be grantedwhen claiming regular benefits1. It is the claimant's responsibility to show that one applies in a particular case. In such a case the benefit period will be extended but the maximum number of weeks of benefits which may be paid as determined at the commencement of the benefit period2 will remain unchanged. As well the claimant must comply with the entitling conditions in each of those weeks where benefits are paid. However, the length of the benefit period including any extension must not exceed 104 weeks3.
The legislation provides an additional extension of the benefit period when only special benefits (sickness, maternity, parental or compassionate care) are paid. The benefit period may be extended by the number of weeks required to allow a claimant to receive the maximum weeks of combined special benefits provided by the legislation4.
In addition, the legislation provides that when parental benefits are claimed and the child or children are hospitalized, a benefit period may be extended by the number of week(s) the child or children was hospitalized5. However the extension of a benefit period cannot exceed 104 weeks6.The benefit period may also be extended for the claimant who is participating in the special developmental program. The rules governing the benefit period in these situations will be discussed in a separate chapter7.
In the context of the implementation of the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan on January 1, 2006, a new principle has been established to guarantee equity in the processing of claims for Employment Insurance benefits that are filed throughout Canada. This principle of equivalence8 extends to benefits paid under a provincial plan a recognition that is similar to maternity or parental benefits paid under the EI program, applies to any future claim for EI benefits.
A regulation9 made in the context enables the EI benefit period10 to be extended by the number of weeks of hospitalization for a person who received QPIP benefits or is entitled to receive them where his/her child is hospitalized during the period provided in the EI Act11.
Under another regulatory provision12 concerning the extension of the benefit period, a reference to “benefits paid in the case of a pregnancy or because the claimant is caring for one or more new-born or adopted children placed with the claimant for the purpose of adoption” for a number of weeks that is less than the applicable maximum number of weeks shall be read as a reference to the provincial benefits that have been paid to the claimant for the same reasons.
It follows that QPIP benefits can be used to extend the employment insurance benefit period13 to allow the claimant to receive the maximum number of special benefits weeks under the EI – other than maternity or parental – to which he/she is entitled.
[ September 2006 ]
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- EIA 10(10);
- see 1.4.2, "Number of Weeks of Benefit";
- EIA 10(12);
- EIA 10(13) to 10(13.3); see Digest 1.5.8 "Grounds for Extension when Special Benefits are Claimend";
- EIA 10(12) ;
- EIA 10(14);
- EIA 24,
- Refer to 3.4 of the Appendix to Chapter 12;
- EIR 76.15;
- Pursuant to EIA 10 (12);
- EIA 23 (2); refer to 3.4.1.5 of the Appendix to Chapter 12;
- EIR 76.14;
- Pursuant to EIA 10(13), (13.1), (13.2) or (13.3); refer to 3.4.1.4 of the Appendix to Chapter 12.
Under the current legislation a claimant’s benefit period is extended for the total number of weeks during the benefit period for which the claimant proves that he or she was not entitled to benefits because of one of the circumstances listed in the Act. Therefore each week must be examined to determine whether these circumstances prevented all payment of benefits in that week.
Following are the four acceptable grounds for extension of the benefit period1
- confinement in a prison or similar institution;
- in receipt of earnings by the claimant by reason of the complete severance of the employer-employee relationship;
- in receipt of workers compensation payments for an illness or injury;
- in receipt of payments under a provincial law for the preventative withdrawal of work on the basis of having ceased work because continuing work would have resulted in a danger to the claimant, her unborn child or a child whom she was breast-feeding.
The allocation of earnings described at (2), (3), and (4) above must preclude the payment of any benefits. An extension of the benefit period may be granted on any of these four grounds provided the ground arose while the benefit period was still in existence. The ground is not valid if it arises for example, on the Sunday following the Saturday on which the benefit period effectively ends.
It is the claimant's responsibility to provide evidence in support of the ground and relevant dates. Although there are good arguments that other reasons could also constitute grounds for extension, to accept them would be going beyond the scope of the legislation.
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- EIA 10(10)(a); EIA 10(10)(b); EIA 10(10)(c); EIA 10(10)(d).
1.5.2 Other Reasons for Disentitlement
It often happens that two reasons for disentitlement exist at the same time during a benefit period, and one constitutes a valid ground for extension whereas the other does not. In order to be granted an extension, the legislation only requires that a claimant prove that one of the four qualifying grounds for extension prevented the payment of benefits for the week in question1.
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1.5.3 Calculation of Extension
When calculating an extension any weeks that the extending condition, in and of itself, prevented payment are counted as weeks of extension. If the extending condition in and of itself would not have prevented payment then the claimant's entitlement to benefit in that week is examined in conjunction with any other disentitling condition(s). If other disentitling conditions in that week totally prevented payment of benefits, no extension can be granted; however, if moneys were payable for that week despite the other disentitling condition(s) and the extension condition prevents payment of those monies, the extension is granted.
Where the ground has the effect of postponing the waiting period to subsequent weeks, this will be taken to have effectively precluded the payment of benefits; in other words, the weeks which would otherwise have served as the waiting period are counted for extension purposes.
Weeks for which benefit was paid or is deemed to have been paid1, even for as little as one dollar2 are not taken into account when calculating the extension. Where the ground for extension existed for only a few days during a week, the question remains: would benefits of at least one dollar have been payable for the week had this ground not arisen? If so, does the extending condition nullify payment for that week? If this is the case, then the extension for that week is granted.
The existence of two grounds for extension during the same week does not give rise to a double extension.
Once the acceptable weeks for extension purposes have been determined, the benefit period is extended by the same number of weeks, subject to the maximum duration of 104 weeks, which is applicable to any benefit period3.
A ground for extension may arise again before the termination of the extended benefit period. In this event, the benefit period is extended a second time4, subject always to the maximum duration of 104 weeks.
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- EIA 10(10);
- see 1.9.3, "Weekly Rate of Benefit";
- see 1.5.0, "Extension of Benefit Period";
- EIA 10(11).
1.5.4 Confinement in a Prison or Similar Institution
As with an extension of the qualifying period, confinement in a prison or similar institution is one of the grounds, which allows for extension of the benefit period1. The extension will be granted and not subject to any additional conditions. Thus, for an extension
to be granted it will suffice that one of the reasons giving rise to this right existed, regardless of what occurred before or during the existence of that reason.
An extension of the benefit period will be granted during a period even when other reasons also existed which would not be acceptable for extension, no matter what the chronology of events2.
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- EIA 10(10)(a);
- G. Xuan (A-1393-92, CUB 21630)
1.5.5 Workers’ Compensation Payments
Receiving workers' compensation payments for an illness or injury is one of the four grounds which allows for an extension1: weeks counted for these purposes are those where the allocation of earnings prevents the payment of benefits2 or postpones the waiting period3. These workers' compensation payments are earnings4 to be allocated5 in accordance with the types of benefits claimed6.
It is possible that a person who had suffered an injury at work will find himself or herself in a situation that generates two reasons for denying benefits to the claimant7. This would be the case of a minor attachment claimant who has ceased work because he or she became incapable of work by reason of an injury8 and is receiving an amount of workers' compensation payments which prevents the payment of benefits. The latter reason allows for extension but the former does not. In such a case we consider that an extension may be granted since the claimant only has to meet one of the grounds for extension regardless of what occurred before or during the existence of that reason.
In a given case where the extension was granted in spite of the claimant's obligation to reimburse the workers' compensation benefits, the Umpire refused to intervene as the workers' compensation issue was under appeal and the question had not been definitively resolved9.
A disability pension or permanent settlement workers' compensation payment is not earnings10 and does not prevent entitlement to benefit and therefore do not allow for an extension. It should also be noted that payments under a wage-loss plan11 or an employer's disability plan12 as well as payments for a vehicular accident under the Quebec motor vehicle accident insurance13are not workers' compensation payments in respect of an illness or injury and do not allow for the extension of the benefit period.
Furthermore, there will be an extension of the benefit period for any week during which the claimant was not entitled by reason of being in receipt of workers compensation payments for rehabilitation, training or vocational as these payments are paid as a result of an illness or injury.
It has been held that the provision allowing for an extension to the benefit period when a claimant is in receipt of workers compensation payments is not contrary to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms14.
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- EIA 10(10);
- see 1.9.8, "Allowable Earnings";
- see 1.8.2, "Commencement of Waiting Period";
- EIR 35(5)(2)(b);
- EIR 36(1);
- see 1.8.2, "Commencement of Waiting Period"; see 1.9.8, "Allowable Earnings";
- see 1.5.2, "Other Reasons for Disentitlement";
- EIA 21(1);
- Jurisprudence Index/basic concepts/benefit periods/extension/applicability/;
- EIR 35(7)(a);
- EIR 35(7)(b);
- EIR 35(7)(b);
- Jurisprudence Index/basic concepts/benefit periods/extension/motor vehicle accident/;
- Jurisprudence Index/basic concepts/benefit periods/extension/workers compensation/.
1.5.6 Payments for Preventative Withdrawal of Work
As with the extension to the qualifying period, receipt of payments under provincial law on the basis of having ceased work for the reason that continuing to work would have entailed danger to the claimant, the claimant's unborn child or a child whom the claimant is breast-feeding is grounds for extending the benefit period1. Counted in these weeks are those where the allocation of earnings prevented the payment of benefit2 or delayed the waiting period3. The payments are to be allocated4 in accordance with the type of benefits claimed5.
When the same situation gives rise to two reasons which prevent the payment of benefit, one which allows extension and the other does not, then as discussed earlier6, the extension will be granted.
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- EIA 10(10);
- see 1.9.8, "Allowable Earnings";
- see 1.8.2, "Commencement of Waiting Period";
- EIR 35; EIR 36;
- see 1.9.4, "Decrease in the Benefit Rate-Intensity Rule"; see 1.8.2, "Commencement of Waiting Period";
- see 1.5.2, "Other Reasons for Disentitlement."
Moneys received by reason of a complete severance of the employer-employee relationship while a claimant's benefit period is in existence constitute grounds for an extension of the benefit period1. The extension makes it possible to freeze the passage of time for the weeks to which the moneys received are allocated.
In a situation where the allocation of moneys, in and of itself, prevents payment of benefits for a week, an extension for that week may be allowed. However, if the allocation is for a part week only and no benefits are payable because the claimant is disentitled for the full week, no extension will be granted for that week since the allocation did not prevent, in whole or in part, payment of benefits.
On the other hand, if benefits were payable despite the disentitling condition (i.e. a 2-day disentitlement) and the extension condition prevented payment of those benefits, the extension would be granted for that week.
[May 2003]
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1.5.8 Grounds for Extension when Special Benefits are Claimed
In the previous sections, the grounds for extension of the benefit period when regular benefits are paid have been explained1. Those same grounds apply to extend the benefit period when only special benefits (sickness, maternity, parental or compassionate care) are paid.
The legislation provides that any combination of special benefits can be paid within a benefit period2 and that each type of special benefits has a maximum number of weeks which are payable within a benefit period3. There may be situations where a claimant is not able to collect the maximum number of weeks for the specific types of special benefit claimed within the existing benefit period.
In these circumstances, the legislation provides an additional ground to extend the benefit period so that the claimant may be paid the maximum weeks allowed for the types of special benefits claimed. This provision extends the time period during which special benefits are payable. The types of special benefits that are payable in the extended period, are the same types of special benefits paid during the original benefit period4.
The maximum length of a benefit period extended to allow a claimant to receive the maximum special benefits claimed is:
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maternity, parental and sickness, 67 weeks;
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parental, sickness and compassionate care, 58 weeks;
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maternity, parental and compassionate care, 58 weeks, and
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maternity, parental, sickness and compassionate care, 73 weeks5.
This extension can only be granted to a claimant when no regular benefits are paid in the benefit period. Furthermore, the benefit period will end when, “no further benefits are payable.” However, an extension for these reasons cannot result in a benefit period of more than 104 weeks6.
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EIA 10(10), see Digest 1.5.0 to 1.5.7;
- EIA 12(3);
- EIA 10(13) to 10(13.3);
- EIA 10(15);
- EIA 10(14).
