The views expressed in Applied Research Branch papers are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Human Resources Development Canada or of the federal government.

The Working Paper Series includes analytical studies and research conducted under the auspices of the Applied Research Branch of Strategic Policy. Papers published in this series incorporate primary research with an empirical or original conceptual orientation, generally forming part of a broader or longer-term program of research in progress. Readers of the series are encouraged to contact the authors with comments and suggestions.