Flag of Canada
Government of Canada Government of Canada
 
Français Contact Us Help Search Canada Site
About Us Services Where You Live Policies & Programs A-Z Index Home
    Home >  Programs and Services > Policies, Planning and Reporting
Services for you

Low Income (Poverty) Dynamics in Canada: Entry, Exit, Spell Durations, and Total Time - June 2000
  What's New Our Ministers
Media Room Forms
E-Services
Publications Frequently Asked Questions Accessibility Features

  Services for: Individuals Business Organizations Services Where You Live
 

Appendix

PreviousContentsNext

Additional Tables

Table A1a: Low Income Rates by Sex and Family Type
  1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Male
    Single      26.7 25.6 24.7 24.7 24.6
Attached with Children 10.8 10.9 10.6 11.2 11.3
Attached no Children 9.2 9.1 8.8 6.9 7.0
Lone Parent 25.1 31.8 31.0 34.0 34.6
Female
    Single      24.8 24.0 22.8 22.0 21.9
Attached with Children 12.3 12.6 12.5 13.1 13.5
Attached no Children 5.8 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.4
Lone Parent 51.7 51.2 50.4 53.7 54.7


Table A1b: Distribution of the Poor by Sex and Family Type
  1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Male
    Single      16.3 15.9 15.8 16.1 16.2
Attached with Children 13.3 13.5 13.5 14.2 13.9
Attached no Children 10.9 11.3 11.4 9.0 9.2
Lone Parent 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4
Filing Child 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
Female
    Single      20.5 20.2 19.8 19.5 19.5
Attached with Children 15.4 16.1 16.3 17.0 17.0
Attached no Children 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.4
Lone Parent 14.5 14.8 15.2 16.4 16.0
Filing Child 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9
  100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table A2a: Low Income Rates by Family Type and Age
  1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Male 20-39
    Single      27.8 26.1 24.9 25.3 26.1
Attached with Children 12.1 12.2 11.7 12.6 12.8
Attached no Children 7.7 7.0 6.3 6.5 6.8
Lone Parent 28.9 38.3 38.2 42.7 44.4
Filing Child 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.9 6.4
40-64
    Single      30.3 30.0 30.1 30.4 31.3
Attached with Children 9.2 9.4 9.4 9.8 9.9
Attached no Children 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.9
Lone Parent 21.5 27.0 26.0 28.9 29.8
65+
    Single      14.3 15.0 13.1 12.4 11.5
Attached with Children 17.2 19.9 19.6 20.1 20.2
Attached no Children 13.0 12.8 11.9 6.0 5.8
Lone Parent 40.9 44.4 40.0 40.4 32.3
Female 20-39
    Single      30.1 26.9 25.8 25.6 25.4
Attached with Children 13.9 14.3 14.0 14.8 15.2
Attached no Children 7.0 5.6 5.1 5.4 5.9
Lone Parent 59.0 58.5 57.5 62.2 63.4
Filing Child 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 6.0
40-64
    Single      29.6 29.8 29.9 30.2 30.9
Attached with Children 9.0 9.6 9.9 10.5 11.0
Attached no Children 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.5
Lone Parent 35.6 36.3 36.9 39.6 41.8
65+
    Single      17.9 18.5 16.6 15.3 15.2
Attached with Children 13.8 18.6 14.9 17.2 16.0
Attached no Children 4.3 3.6 3.2 2.5 2.3
Lone Parent 53.1 57.4 42.4 44.4 46.8

Table A2b: Distribution of the Poor by Family Type and Age
  1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Male 20-39
    Single      8.6 7.5 7.0 6.6 6.0
Attached with Children 7.8 7.8 7.4 7.7 7.3
Attached no Children 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2
Lone Parent 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Filing Child 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8
40-64
    Single      6.4 6.8 7.3 7.8 8.3
Attached with Children 5.4 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.5
Attached no Children 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.3
Lone Parent 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8
65+
    Single      1.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9
Attached with Children 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Attached no Children 4.6 5.0 5.1 2.8 2.7
Lone Parent 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Female 20-39
    Single      6.1 4.7 4.1 3.7 3.1
Attached with Children 11.6 11.7 11.4 11.6 11.2
Attached no Children 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0
Lone Parent 11.4 11.4 11.3 11.8 11.0
Filing Child 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3
40-64
    Single      8.2 8.4 8.8 9.1 9.3
Attached with Children 3.8 4.4 4.8 5.4 5.7
Attached no Children 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.9
Lone Parent 3.1 3.4 3.8 4.4 4.8
65+
    Single      6.3 7.1 6.9 6.8 7.1
Attached with Children 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Attached no Children 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5
Lone Parent 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Table A3: Average Real Adjusted Household Income (1996$)
  1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Male 20-39
    Single      22,300 23,000 23,600 23,800 23,800
Attached with Children 24,200 24,100 24,600 24,700 24,900
Attached no Children 33,600 34,100 35,000 35,800 35,800
Lone Parent 17,900 15,600 16,100 15,400 14,900
Filing Child 33,400 33,100 33,400 33,700 33,500
40-64
    Single      26,600 26,500 26,800 26,800 26,800
Attached with Children 30,600 30,300 30,700 30,700 31,100
Attached no Children 36,900 36,700 37,000 37,600 37,700
Lone Parent 23,300 21,400 21,900 21,300 21,900
65+
    Single      23,000 22,400 22,500 23,200 24,600
Attached with Children 24,100 22,400 22,300 21,700 22,200
Attached no Children 27,500 26,800 26,800 27,600 28,100
Lone Parent 15,800 15,100 15,300 16,200 19,000
Female 20-39
    Single      20,500 21,400 21,900 22,300 22,600
Attached with Children 23,900 23,800 24,200 24,200 24,300
Attached no Children 34,900 35,900 36,900 37,500 37,800
Lone Parent 11,900 12,000 12,100 11,800 11,700
Filing Child 34,300 34,100 34,000 34,500 34,600
40-64
    Single      23,000 22,800 22,900 23,000 23,100
Attached with Children 31,500 30,900 31,000 30,900 31,100
Attached no Children 38,900 38,500 38,700 39,000 38,600
Lone Parent 17,200 17,000 17,000 16,500 16,300
65+
    Single      19,800 19,400 19,400 19,900 20,100
Attached with Children 25,100 20,700 22,400 22,700 22,300
Attached no Children 31,900 31,400 31,300 32,400 32,400
Lone Parent 13,600 12,500 15,200 15,200 15,100

Table A4a: Mean Income-to-Needs Ratios
  1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Male 20-39
    Single      1.90 1.97 2.02 2.04 2.04
Attached with Children 2.07 2.06 2.10 2.11 2.13
Attached no Children 2.87 2.91 2.99 3.06 3.06
Lone Parent 1.53 1.33 1.37 1.31 1.28
Filing Child 2.86 2.83 2.85 2.88 2.86
40-64
    Single      2.27 2.27 2.29 2.29 2.29
Attached with Children 2.61 2.59 2.62 2.63 2.66
Attached no Children 3.15 3.14 3.17 3.22 3.23
Lone Parent 1.99 1.83 1.87 1.82 1.87
65+
    Single      1.97 1.91 1.92 1.98 2.10
Attached with Children 2.06 1.92 1.90 1.85 1.90
Attached no Children 2.35 2.29 2.29 2.36 2.40
Lone Parent 1.35 1.29 1.31 1.39 1.62
Female
20-39
    Single      1.75 1.83 1.87 1.90 1.93
Attached with Children 2.04 2.03 2.07 2.07 2.08
Attached no Children 2.98 3.07 3.16 3.20 3.23
Lone Parent 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.00
Filing Child 2.93 2.91 2.91 2.95 2.96
40-64
    Single      1.96 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.98
Attached with Children 2.69 2.64 2.65 2.64 2.65
Attached no Children 3.33 3.29 3.31 3.33 3.30
Lone Parent 1.47 1.45 1.45 1.41 1.39
65+
    Single      1.69 1.66 1.66 1.70 1.71
Attached with Children 2.15 1.77 1.91 1.94 1.91
Attached no Children 2.73 2.69 2.68 2.77 2.77
Lone Parent 1.16 1.07 1.30 1.30 1.29

Table A4b: Mean Income-to-Needs Ratios by Low-Income Status
  1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Not Low Income
Male 20-39
    Single      2.42 2.45 2.49 2.53 2.56
Attached with Children 2.26 2.25 2.29 2.31 2.34
Attached no Children 3.06 3.08 3.14 3.22 3.24
Lone Parent 1.87 1.78 1.85 1.84 1.83
Filing Child 3.01 2.98 2.99 3.02 3.01
40-64
    Single      3.01 2.98 3.02 3.03 3.07
Attached with Children 2.81 2.79 2.83 2.84 2.88
Attached no Children 3.36 3.35 3.37 3.43 3.45
Lone Parent 2.37 2.28 2.31 2.32 2.42
65+
    Single      2.16 2.10 2.08 2.14 2.26
Attached with Children 2.34 2.21 2.19 2.14 2.19
Attached no Children 2.59 2.51 2.49 2.46 2.50
Lone Parent 1.79 1.76 1.70 1.81 2.04
Female 20-39
    Single      2.26 2.27 2.31 2.35 2.38
Attached with Children 2.27 2.26 2.30 2.32 2.34
Attached no Children 3.16 3.21 3.29 3.35 3.40
Lone Parent 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.56 1.61
Filing Child 3.08 3.05 3.05 3.08 3.10
40-64
    Single      2.53 2.51 2.52 2.55 2.58
Attached with Children 2.90 2.86 2.88 2.88 2.91
Attached no Children 3.50 3.45 3.48 3.50 3.48
Lone Parent 1.92 1.91 1.93 1.92 1.96
65+
    Single      1.88 1.84 1.82 1.85 1.87
Attached with Children 2.38 2.01 2.13 2.18 2.14
Attached no Children 2.82 2.76 2.74 2.82 2.82
Lone Parent 1.64 1.56 1.73 1.75 1.79
Low Income
Male 20-39
    Single      0.57 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.56
Attached with Children 0.69 0.71 0.71 0.69 0.69
Attached no Children 0.62 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.63
Lone Parent 0.68 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.58
Filing Child 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.66
40-64
    Single      0.57 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.57
Attached with Children 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.65
Attached no Children 0.62 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64
Lone Parent 0.62 0.60 0.63 0.59 0.57
65+
    Single      0.83 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84
Attached with Children 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.75
Attached no Children 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.76
Lone Parent 0.68 0.74 0.72 0.74 0.72
Female 20-39
    Single      0.59 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.60
Attached with Children 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.61
Attached no Children 0.62 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.61
Lone Parent 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.65
Filing Child 0.62 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.67
40-64
    Single      0.61 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.62
Attached with Children 0.63 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.56
Attached no Children 0.62 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63
Lone Parent 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.63 0.61
65+
    Single      0.85 0.86 0.87 0.86 0.86
Attached with Children 0.70 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.72
Attached no Children 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.67 0.66
Lone Parent 0.73 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.72

Table A5a: Annual Rates of Entering Low Income by Family Type and Age
  1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Male 20-39
    Single      6.2 5.9 6.6 6.6
Attached with Children 4.2 4.0 4.7 4.3
Attached no Children 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.2
Lone Parent 7.8 12.1 13.6 13.4
Filing Child 6.8 6.5 7.0 7.3
40-64
    Single      7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1
Attached with Children 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2
Attached no Children 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3
Lone Parent 5.9 8.3 8.7 8.6
65+
    Single      4.3 3.0 3.1 3.2
Attached with Children 5.1 5.5 5.3 6.6
Attached no Children 3.3 2.7 1.5 2.2
Lone Parent 14.3 10.0 14.3 12.9
Female 20-39
    Single      5.4 5.3 5.4 5.1
Attached with Children 6.9 6.6 7.4 6.9
Attached no Children 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.7
Lone Parent 12.2 12.8 19.5 16.0
Filing Child 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.3
40-64
    Single      7.2 7.0 7.0 7.3
Attached with Children 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.4
Attached no Children 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1
Lone Parent 8.1 8.3 10.1 10.4
65+
    Single      5.3 3.6 3.1 3.4
Attached with Children 4.0 6.3 9.6 6.9
Attached no Children 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1
Lone Parent 13.0 20.0 19.3 13.6

Table A5b: Annual Rates of Entering Low Income by Family Type Dynamics, Comparison of Status in Two Sequential Years
First Year Family Type Second Year Status
1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Male Single
Single - 5.9 6.3 6.2
Attached with Children 6.4 6.0 6.3 6.3
Attached no Children - 3.4 3.2 3.4
Lone Parent 20.0 12.9 15.6 16.3
Attached with Children
    Single      11.6 12.3 12.3 -
Attached with Children 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.5
Attached no Children 2.4 2.7 2.6 -
Lone Parent 18.8 15.8 20.2 13.6
Attached no Children
    Single      11.8 11.8 12.7 8.1
Attached with Children 5.4 - 5.6 4.9
Attached no Children 2.8 - 2.3 2.6
Lone Parent 25.0 16.7 16.7 12.5
Lone Parent
    Single      - 6.7 5.8 -
Attached with Children 6.3 - 8.5 10.4
Attached no Children - - - -
Lone Parent 8.8 10.0 - 11.1
Filing Child
    Single      30.2 27.8 29.6 29.9
Attached with Children 19.8 14.1 18.3 20.0
Attached no Children 11.0 10.3 - 11.1
Lone Parent 40.0 40.0 - 40.0
Female Single
Single - 5.0 4.7 4.8
Attached with Children 7.7 6.9 5.3 5.8
Attached no Children - 2.7 3.1 3.5
Lone Parent 32.6 28.8 29.2 29.5
Attached with Children
    Single      22.6 19.0 26.2 -
Attached with Children 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.6
Attached no Children 2.0 2.3 2.4 -
Lone Parent 46.9 45.8 48.4 46.6
Attached no Children
    Single      15.5 16.6 16.8 14.0
Attached with Children 6.2 - 4.9 5.1
Attached no Children 1.9 - 1.9 2.1
Lone Parent 53.1 48.4 47.1 42.9
Lone Parent
    Single      - 7.0 7.3 -
Attached with Children 5.2 - 6.1 7.2
Attached no Children - - - -
Lone Parent 11.7 12.0 - 14.7
Filing Child
    Single      32.2 31.3 31.1 31.1
Attached with Children 20.0 20.0 22.2 22.2
Attached no Children 8.6 8.6 - 8.4
Lone Parent 72.0 72.2 - 66.7

Table A6a: Annual Rates of Exiting Low Income by Family Type and Age
  1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Male 20-39
    Single      33.9 32.7 29.8 27.9
Attached with Children 31.1 33.0 28.0 29.0
Attached no Children 40.3 38.7 36.4 33.7
Lone Parent 29.2 26.8 20.2 18.8
Filing Child 36.9 36.3 35.9 31.8
40-64
    Single      18.6 18.6 18.6 16.3
Attached with Children 32.7 32.2 29.6 29.5
Attached no Children 31.2 32.9 32.9 30.7
Lone Parent 29.4 26.0 23.6 20.9
65+
    Single      27.0 34.2 31.2 28.2
Attached with Children 36.0 33.3 31.3 29.4
Attached no Children 21.6 23.7 62.8 43.0
Lone Parent 25.0 25.0 28.6 30.0
Female 20-39
    Single      35.5 32.6 30.8 30.3
Attached with Children 28.8 30.6 27.4 26.9
Attached no Children 42.7 41.0 39.0 37.6
Lone Parent 24.2 23.3 19.7 20.1
Filing Child 38.7 37.1 36.5 34.1
40-64
    Single      19.1 19.3 18.6 17.5
Attached with Children 33.0 34.1 33.0 31.4
Attached no Children 38.8 37.4 37.6 35.1
Lone Parent 24.3 23.6 21.2 20.8
65+
    Single      22.0 27.7 26.0 20.7
Attached with Children 33.3 33.3 28.6 28.6
Attached no Children 38.6 37.6 51.0 39.7
Lone Parent 30.8 28.6 28.6 26.9

Table A6b: Annual Rates of Exiting Low Income by Family Type Dynamics
  1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Male
Single
Single 19.4 20.2 18.8 16.5
Attached with Children 52.8 51.9 49.5 46.3
Attached no Children 62.5 65.8 64.4 61.6
Lone Parent 20.0 27.8 16.1 18.2
Attached with Children
    Single      39.9 36.0 35.2 34.0
Attached with Children 30.8 32.0 28.0 28.8
Attached no Children 47.8 46.5 39.6 36.9
Lone Parent 17.1 29.0 26.8 27.8
Attached no Children
    Single      41.8 42.9 45.5 43.6
Attached with Children 32.5 31.6 27.0 28.8
Attached no Children 27.3 28.7 47.2 34.4
Lone Parent 25.0 50.0 50.0 50.0
Lone Parent
    Single      45.3 37.2 35.1 31.5
Attached with Children 52.9 50.8 46.9 37.3
Attached no Children 55.6 60.0 75.0 80.0
Lone Parent 20.7 20.3 15.6 15.5
Filing Child
    Single      18.3 21.2 17.4 16.9
Attached with Children 26.3 31.3 28.6 25.0
Attached no Children 42.1 48.1 38.9 44.4
Lone Parent 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
Female
Single
Single 18.7 20.7 19.4 16.5
Attached with Children 63.9 63.5 69.1 61.5
Attached no Children 74.9 76.9 74.5 73.4
Lone Parent 8.9 14.2 14.3 11.9
Attached with Children
    Single      36.8 41.2 27.3 29.4
Attached with Children 30.9 32.4 29.9 29.1
Attached no Children 42.5 44.2 41.8 40.5
Lone Parent 13.3 14.8 11.8 12.0
Attached no Children
    Single      38.8 34.5 32.4 34.0
Attached with Children 38.9 33.6 32.9 31.5
Attached no Children 40.1 38.8 40.5 36.1
Lone Parent 17.2 7.7 14.3 0.0
Lone Parent
    Single      39.1 35.5 35.7 33.5
Attached with Children 66.1 67.6 66.0 62.8
Attached no Children 72.2 78.6 75.0 75.9
Lone Parent 15.4 15.2 11.8 11.6
Filing Child
    Single      20.7 15.7 15.8 18.8
Attached with Children 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0
Attached no Children 60.0 59.1 58.8 50.0
Lone Parent 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0

Table A7a: Logit Model Results for the Probability of Entering Low Income
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Intercept -2.687**
(.023)		 -3.6995**
(.020)		 -3.9737**
0		 -2.4645**
(.080)		 -2.7883**
(.023)		 -3.5194**
(.017)		 -4.0647**
(.026)		 -2.411**
(.031)
Family Dynamics
to     Single      N/A 1.1324**
(.028)		 1.2841**
0		 -0.7385**
(.088)		 N/A 1.915**
(.077)		 2.1466**
(.022)		 -0.488**
(.053)
to Attached with Children 0.0146
(.039)		 N/A 0.8364**
0		 -0.303**
(.089)		 0.3064**
(.087)		 N/A 0.994**
(.032)		 -0.9962**
(.045)
to Attached no Children -0.5005**
(.034)		 -0.3454**
(.034)		 N/A -0.6244*
(.277)		 -0.3905**
(.039)		 -0.4546**
(.038)		 N/A -1.2392**
(.267)
to Lone Parent 0.9781**
(.053)		 1.4285**
(.066)		 1.9337**
0		 N/A 1.9601**
(.046)		 2.8899**
(.015)		 3.8279**
(.092)		 N/A
to Filing Child -1.3149**
(.084)		 -0.2923
(.310)		 0.3236
(.155)		 -1.0661
(.732)		 -1.2988**
(.127)		 ~~ 0.8791**
(.193)		 -0.7932
(.590)
New Spouse N/A 1.4413**
(.084)		 1.2127**
0		 N/A N/A 2.088**
(.058)		 1.8997**
(.060)		 N/A
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A -0.0504**
(.014)		 N/A 0.0554
(.054)		 N/A 0.0168
(.012)		 N/A 0.0666**
(.021)
Three N/A 0.2326**
(.017)		 N/A 0.1078
(.090)		 N/A 0.2456**
(.014)		 N/A 0.3371**
(.030)
Four N/A 0.5188**
(.025)		 N/A 0.0569
(.186)		 N/A 0.5363**
(.022)		 N/A 0.6406**
(.055)
Five or more N/A 0.8768**
(.042)		 N/A 0.4091
(.398)		 N/A 0.8599**
(.039)		 N/A 0.86**
(.104)
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec 0.1168**
(.041)		 0.358**
(.032)		 -0.0162
(.639)		 0.6209**
(.163)		 -0.0191
(.034)		 0.4164**
(.028)		 0.0318
(.043)		 0.1945**
(.068)
French-ROC -0.2292**
(.070)		 -0.2227**
(.062)		 0.162**
(.009)		 0.0549
(.245)		 -0.0399
(.062)		 -0.1503**
(.051)		 0.1044
(.077)		 -0.0668
(.106)
Age Group (Prime)
20-29 0.103**
(.023)		 0.7398**
(.019)		 -0.0374
(.232)		 0.7101**
(.108)		 0.0251
(.028)		 0.7915**
(.015)		 -0.0786**
(.029)		 1.1437**
(.028)
30-39 -0.022
(.020)		 0.2347**
(.013)		 -0.0704*
(.015)		 0.2711**
(.056)		 -0.2428**
(.027)		 0.2996**
(.012)		 -0.1275**
(.029)		 0.4209**
(.022)
50-59 0.2079**
(.024)		 0.2193**
(.021)		 0.2589**
0		 -0.0084
(.081)		 0.2376**
(.023)		 0.2185**
(.027)		 0.2016**
(.022)		 0.2519**
(.044)
60-69 -0.2053**
(.026)		 0.7528**
(.041)		 0.3401**
0		 0.7611**
(.136)		 -0.1939**
(.022)		 0.6187**
(.088)		 -0.3755**
(.026)		 0.9362**
(.099)
70+ -0.7615**
(.029)		 0.5511**
(.107)		 -0.0571*
(.021)		 -0.2375
(.301)		 -0.4633**
(.021)		 -0.0607
(.199)		 -1.0213**
(.035)		 0.7869**
(.123)
Province (Ont.)
NFLD 0.5507**
(.050)		 0.6334**
(.030)		 0.7545**
(.037)		 0.2087
(.177)		 0.4738**
(.050)		 ~~
(.017)		 0.7443**
(.048)		 -0.1631*
(.080)
PEI 0.1291
(.095)		 -0.1605*
(.078)		 0.2515**
(.003)		 -0.1679
(.373)		 0.0678
(.096)		 -0.1892**
(.066)		 0.0155
(.112)		 -0.4496**
(.134)
NS 0.1958**
(.039)		 0.1279**
(.032)		 0.3518**
0		 0.2374
(.125)		 0.1632**
(.037)		 0.00707
(.027)		 0.3355**
(.043)		 -0.274**
(.059)
NB 0.1259**
(.045)		 -0.0213
(.037)		 0.1734**
0		 -0.105
(.148)		 0.1751**
(.042)		 -0.0804**
(.031)		 0.2074**
(.049)		 -0.528**
(.073)
QUE 0.0212
(.019)		 -0.028
(.016)		 0.3332**
0		 -0.4407**
(.066)		 0.2403**
(.017)		 -0.1805**
(.013)		 0.2535**
(.021)		 -0.6033**
(.028)
MAN 0.058
(.037)		 -0.0029
(.029)		 0.0315
(.348)		 -0.3609*
(.145)		 -0.0163
(.033)		 -0.1023**
(.025)		 0.0743
(.041)		 -0.501**
(.056)
SASK 0.0775
(.041)		 0.1921**
(.030)		 0.3369**
0		 -0.1254
(.141)		 0.2065**
(.034)		 0.0295
(.026)		 0.3144**
(.041)		 -0.6268**
(.065)
ALTA -0.025
(.027)		 0.076**
(.020)		 0.2073**
0		 -0.1937*
(.093)		 0.1972**
(.024)		 0.0313
(.017)		 0.231**
(.028)		 -0.3694**
(.037)
BC -0.0393
(.023)		 0.1367**
(.019)		 0.2448**
0		 -0.008
(.081)		 0.1287**
(.021)		 0.119**
(.016)		 0.366**
(.024)		 -0.2774**
(.031)
Mover 0.6352**
(.051)		 0.6927**
(.046)		 0.6057**
0		 0.9014**
(.194)		 0.8468**
(.055)		 0.785**
(.037)		 0.621**
(.066)		 1.1059**
(.080)
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 -0.1031**
(.023)		 -0.2668**
(.019)		 -0.2077**
0		 -0.1461
(.079)		 -0.0337
(.020)		 -0.1723**
(.016)		 -0.1972**
(.026)		 0.0511
(.027)
30,000-99,999 0.0272
(.024)		 -0.054**
(.020)		 0.0462*
(.029)		 -0.0088
(.079)		 0.107**
(.021)		 -0.0761**
(.017)		 0.0241
(.027)		 0.1389**
(.030)
15,000-29,999 -0.076
(.046)		 -0.149**
(.037)		 0.0732
(.067)		 -0.323*
(.155)		 0.1035*
(.043)		 -0.0774*
(.031)		 -0.036
(.051)		 0.2023**
(.058)
0-14,999 0.1147**
(.022)		 0.122**
(.017)		 0.3682**
0		 -0.1314
(.078)		 0.2837**
(.020)		 0.1295**
(.015)		 0.2745**
(.023)		 0.2487**
(.031)
Rural area 0.3865**
(.022)		 0.6043**
(.017)		 0.6926**
0		 0.3633**
(.076)		 0.5619**
(.023)		 0.5153**
(.015)		 0.6549**
(.024)		 0.4972**
(.037)
Year (1992)
1993 -0.0786**
(.020)		 -0.061**
(.016)		 -0.0573**
(.001)		 0.2305**
(.072)		 -0.1827**
(.017)		 -0.0023
(.014)		 -0.0266
(.021)		 0.0538
(.028)
1994 -0.0128
(.020)		 0.069**
(.015)		 -0.2177**
0		 0.3795**
(.069)		 -0.2364**
(.017)		 0.1168**
(.013)		 -0.037
(.021)		 0.4672**
(.026)
1995 -0.0301
(.020)		 -0.0044
(.016)		 -0.1638**
0		 0.3678**
(.070)		 -0.2042**
(.017)		 0.0728**
(.014)		 -0.016
(.021)		 0.3395**
(.028)
Log Likelihood  165,828 284,857 248,128 12,362 213,635 358,601 162,911 79,486
Sample Size 367,970 938,800 969,500 20,940 538,510 937,610 751,630 109,530
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A7b: Logit Model Results for the Probability of Exiting Low Income
  Men Women
     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent      Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Intercept   -1.455**
(.025)		 -0.553**
(.023)		 -0.961**
(.032)		 -0.924**
(.088)		 -1.382**
(.026)		 -0.415**
(.022)		 -0.385**
(.035)		 -0.881**
(.029)
Family Dynamics
to Single   N/A   0.460**
(.041)		 0.710**
(.038)		 1.014**
(.081)		 N/A   0.197 
(.152)		 0.166**
(.042)		 1.138**
 (.042)
to Attached with Children   1.279**
(.040)		 N/A -0.276**
(.043)		 1.370**
(.083)		 2.082**
(.066)		 N/A -0.243**
(.049)		 2.546**
(.023)
to Attached no Children   1.850**
(.032)		 0.550**
(.039)		 N/A 1.517**
(.265)		 2.651**
(.033)		 0.403**
(.043)		 N/A 2.779**
(.159)
to Lone Parent   0.079
(.087)		 -0.096
(.107)		 0.236
(.341)		 N/A -0.608**
(.073)		 -0.948**
(.037)		 -1.468**
(.222)		 N/A
to Filing Child   2.974**
(.041)		 2.403**
(.227)		 2.197**
(.193)		 3.545**
(.413)		 3.349**
(.061)		 ~~ 1.727**
(.213)		 3.458**
(.381)
New Spouse   N/A 0.281*
(.130)		 1.857**
(.066)		 N/A N/A 0.555**
(.071)		 1.473**
(.098)		 N/A
Number of Children (One)
Two   N/A 0.058**
(.017)		 N/A 0.112
(.061)		 N/A 0.044**
(.015)		 N/A -0.024
(.019)
Three   N/A -0.011
(.019)		 N/A 0.139
(.091)		 N/A -0.093**
(.018) 		N/A -0.198**
(.026)
Four   N/A -0.133**
(.026)		 N/A 0.069
(.170)		 N/A -0.267**
(.025)		 N/A -0.396**
(.045)
Five or more   N/A -0.410**
(.044)		 N/A -0.713*
(.327)		 N/A -0.487**
(.042)		 N/A -0.549**
(.079)
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec   0.108*
(.042)		 -0.307**
(.035)		 -0.030
(.039)		 -0.280
(.172)		 0.183**
(.036)		 -0.305**
(.033)		 -0.061
(.054)		 -0.129*
(.057)
French-ROC   -0.234**
(.070)		 0.104
(.074)		 -0.113
(.073)		 -0.245
(.271)		 -0.197**
(.059)		 0.038
(.071)		 -0.193
(.106)		 -0.137
(.088)
Age Group (Prime)
20-29   0.481**
(.023)		 -0.076**
(.022)		 0.359**
(.040)		 -0.349**
(.102)		 0.405**
(.028)		 -0.292**
(.018)		 0.252**
(.040)		 -0.476**
(.024)
30-39   0.223**
(.023)		 -0.028
(.015)		 0.139**
(.039)		 -0.172
(.061)		 0.155**
(.029)		 -0.140**
(.015)		 0.062
(.041)		 -0.188**
(.022)
50-59   -0.239**
(.027)		 -0.108**
(.024)		 -0.012
(.031)		 -0.289**
(.091)		 -0.128**
(.026)		 -0.135**
(.032)		 -0.091**
(.031)		 -0.200**
(.045)
60-69   0.471**
(.026)		 -0.109*
(.044)		 0.196**
(.029)		 0.003
(.141)		 0.625**
(.024)		 0.027
(.088)		 0.216**
(.033)		 -0.110
(.087)
70+   0.550**
(.032)		 -0.069
(.109)		 0.216**
(.029)		 0.271
(.218)		 0.560**
(.023)		 0.158
(.218)		 0.045
(.043)		 0.322*
(.128)
Province (Ont.)
NFLD   -0.884**
(.054)		 -0.757**
(.038)		 -0.629**
(.044)		 -0.536**
(.163)		 -1.292
(.051)		 -0.599**
(.036)		 -0.823**
(.064)		 -1.202**
(.064)
PEI    -0.240*
(.101)		 0.147
(.093)		 0.006
(.103)		 0.629
(.328)		 -0.930
(.097)		 0.089
(.088)		 -0.251
(.146)		 -0.430**
(.111)
NS   -0.553**
(.041)		 -0.406**
(.039)		 -0.411**
(.039)		 -0.473**
(.136)		 -0.940
(.037)		 -0.387**
(.037)		 -0.422**
(.059)		 -1.015**
(.046)
NB   -0.576**
(.046)		 -0.475**
(.043)		 -0.370**
(.044)		 -0.417**
(.157)		 -0.972
(.042)		 -0.442**
(.041)		 -0.401**
(.070)		 -0.953**
(.051)
QUEB   -0.540**
(.019)		 -0.247**
(.018)		 -0.346**
(.020)		 -0.387**
(.071)		 -0.948
(.017)		 -0.279**
(.017)		 -0.329**
(.030)		 -0.913**
(.023)
MAN   -0.576**
(.037)		 -0.452**
(.032)		 -0.228**
(.037)		 -1.058**
(.147)		 -0.587
(.035)		 -0.364**
(.030)		 -0.041
(.054)		 -0.907**
(.045)
SASK   -0.260**
(.041)		 -0.279**
(.031)		 -0.153**
(.036)		 -0.522**
(.143)		 -0.101**
(.036)		 -0.258**
(.030)		 -0.153**
(.053)		 -0.902**
(.048)
ALTA   0.102**
(.029)		 -0.081**
(.024)		 0.026
(.028)		 -0.094
(.100)		 0.141
(.026)		 -0.082**
(.022)		 0.002
(.037)		 -0.537**
(.032)
BC   -0.162**
(.025)		 -0.005
(.023)		 -0.082**
(.024)		 -0.300**
(.091)		 -0.501
(.022)		 -0.035
(.020)		 -0.142**
(.031)		 -0.297**
(.027)
Mover   0.261**
(.055)		 0.031
(.059)		 -0.055
(.078)		 0.061
(.212)		 -0.008
(.063)		 -0.119*
(.051)		 0.000
(.095)		 -0.419**
(.070)
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 0.011
(.024)		 0.079**
(.024)		 0.123**
(.025)		 0.025
(.088)		 0.111
(.021)		 0.117**
(.021)		 0.214**
(.036)		 0.062*
(.026)
30,000-99,999 0.085**
(.025)		 0.014
(.024)		 0.027
(.025)		 -0.077
(.087)		 0.061
(.022)		 0.098**
(.022)		 0.205**
(.038)		 0.016
(.027)
15,000-29,999 0.084
(.048)		 -0.022
(.043)		 0.049
(.047)		 -0.251
(.168)		 0.061
(.044)		 -0.049
(.040)		 0.134
(.071)		 0.038
(.049)
0-14,999 0.122**
(.023)		 0.012
(.020)		 0.016
(.021)		 -0.088
(.085)		 0.055
(.021)		 0.013
(.019)		 0.075*
(.032)		 -0.023
(.026)
Rural Area 0.030
(.023)		 -0.218**
(.019)		 -0.131**
(.021)		 -0.172*
(.080)		 0.096
(.023)		 -0.267**
(.018)		 0.013
(.032)		 -0.381**
(.030)
Year (1992)
1993   0.082**
(.020)		 0.066**
(.018)		 0.091**
(.020)		 -0.035
(.073)		 0.145
(.018)		 0.059**
(.017)		 -0.023
(.028)		 -0.024
(.023)
1994   0.009
(.021)		 -0.132**
(.019)		 0.858**
(.020)		 -0.322**
(.076)		 0.078
(.018)		 -0.076**
(.017)		 0.044
(.028)		 -0.273**
(.024)
1995   -0.092**
(.021)		 -0.093**
(.018)		 0.365**
(.021)		 -0.412**
(.073)		 -0.086
(.019)		 -0.118**
(.017)		 -0.104**
(.029)		 -0.330**
(.023)
Log Likelihood  120,507 137,585 114,662 8,967 150,250 160,998 55,042 95,114
Sample Size 125,760 113,620 92,110 9,080 161,470 135,850 41,900 115,540
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A8a: Hazard Model Results of the Probability of Exiting Low Income
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Intercept -0.653**
(.041)		 -0.049
(.036)		 -0.250**
(.047)		 -0.480**
(.140)		 -0.649**
(.042)		 0.128**
(.034)		 0.195**
(.051)		 -0.325**
(.051)
Family Dynamics
to     Single      N/A 0.465**
(.060)		 0.467**
(.058)		 0.745**
(.119)		 N/A -0.029
(.216)		 0.187**
(.065)		 1.014**
(.063)
to Attached with Children 1.213**
(.060)		 N/A -0.332**
(.060)		 1.282**
(.124)		 1.843**
(.102)		 N/A -0.218**
(.070)		 2.487**
(.039)
to Attached no Children 1.671**
(.049)		 0.439**
(.056)		 N/A 1.725**
(.394)		 2.401**
(.054)		 0.332**
(.060)		 N/A 2.652**
(.248)
to Lone Parent -0.109
(.117)		 -0.061
(.147)		 -0.167
(.591)		 N/A -0.971**
(.119)		 -0.933**
(.049)		 -1.549**
(.319)		 N/A
to Filing Child 2.973**
(.072)		 2.597**
(.400)		 2.710**
(.356)		 ~~
 3.320**
(.113)		 ~~
 1.796**
(.345)		 ~~
New Spouse N/A
 0.192
(.190)		 1.442**
(.113)		 N/A
 N/A
 0.394**
(.104)		 1.212**
(.172)		 N/A
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A
 0.102**
(.023)		 N/A
 0.047
(.085)		 N/A
 0.106**
(.021)		 N/A
 0.011
(.028)
Three N/A
 0.142**
(.027)		 N/A
 0.250
(.136)		 N/A
 0.015
(.025)		 N/A
 -0.087*
(.039)
Four N/A
 0.105**
(.039)		 N/A
 0.520
(.282)		 N/A
 -0.073*
(.037)		 N/A
 -0.192**
(.074)
Five or more N/A
 -0.103
(.070)		 N/A
 0.306
(.501)		 N/A
 -0.137*
(.066)		 N/A
 -0.071
(.127)
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec -0.006
(.062)		 -0.191**
(.052)		 0.122*
(.057)		 -0.461
(.263)		 -0.023
(.055)		 -0.185**
(.050)		 -0.189*
(.075)		 -0.054
(.093)
French-ROC -0.253*
(.106)		 0.097
(.106)		 0.002
(.110)		 -0.575
(.368)		 -0.140
(.099)		 -0.014
(.099)		 -0.080
(.144)		 -0.122
(.135)
Age Group (Prime)
20-29 0.184**
(.033)		 -0.115**
(.030)		 0.190**
(.053)		 -0.268
(.146)		 0.097*
(.041)		 -0.301**
(.025)		 0.101
(.055)		 -0.527**
(.037)
30-39 0.092**
(.031)		 -0.071**
(.021)		 0.030
(.052)		 -0.179*
(.085)		 0.025
(.042)		 -0.169**
(.020)		 0.003
(.055)		 -0.215**
(.032)
50-59 -0.114**
(.037)		 -0.061
(.034)		 -0.011
(.040)		 -0.057
(.127)		 -0.088*
(.037)		 -0.016
(.045)		 -0.064
(.039)		 -0.081
(.068)
60-69 0.448**
(.040)		 -0.092
(.064)		 0.241**
(.039)		 0.477*
(.219)		 0.646**
(.036)		 0.298*
(.134)		 0.314**
(.045)		 0.128
(.139)
70+ 0.698**
(.047)		 -0.165
(.159)		 0.572**
(.042)		 0.450
(.315)		 0.823**
(.034)		 0.681
(.352)		 0.456**
(.068)		 0.281
(.170)
Duration (One Year)
Two Years -0.553**
(.026)		 -0.575**
(.023)		 -0.534**
(.025)		 -0.529**
(.093)		 -0.583**
(.025)		 -0.560**
(.021)		 -0.604**
(.035)		 -0.530**
(.031)
Three Years -0.834**
(.039)		 -0.854**
(.034)		 -0.655**
(.037)		 -0.899**
(.145)		 -0.917**
(.037)		 -0.876**
(.033)		 -0.870**
(.055)		 -0.816**
(.045)
Four Years -0.895**
(.068)		 -0.912**
(.058)		 -0.887**
(.070)		 -0.917**
(.234)		 -1.093**
(.069)		 -0.875**
(.057)		 -1.125**
(.101)		 -0.817**
(.079)
Province (Ont.)
NFLD -0.710**
(.079)		 -0.691**
(.050)		 -0.633**
(.062)		 -0.242
(.219)		 -0.738**
(.079)		 -0.492**
(.047)		 -0.904**
(.084)		 -0.721**
(.100)
PEI -0.043
(.140)		 0.052
(.124)		 0.008
(.149)		 0.463
(.463)		 -0.277
(.143)		 0.159
(.115)		 -0.233
(.197)		 -0.222
(.166)
NS -0.348**
(.060)		 -0.204**
(.052)		 -0.305**
(.057)		 -0.339
(.192)		 -0.405**
(.058)		 -0.149**
(.051)		 -0.335**
(.080)		 -0.586**
(.072)
NB -0.231**
(.066)		 -0.283**
(.061)		 -0.326**
(.065)		 0.231
(.215)		 -0.533**
(.067)		 -0.128*
(.058)		 -0.148
(.098)		 -0.494**
(.082)
QUEB -0.203**
(.028)		 -0.093**
(.025)		 -0.216**
(.028)		 0.073
(.099)		 -0.309**
(.026)		 -0.044
(.024)		 -0.158**
(.040)		 -0.317**
(.034)
MAN -0.176**
(.055)		 -0.104*
(.046)		 -0.086
(.054)		 -0.462*
(.223)		 -0.241**
(.052)		 0.003
(.043)		 0.094
(.074)		 -0.122
(.072)
SASK 0.029
(.061)		 0.007
(.047)		 0.004
(.052)		 0.175
(.199)		 0.060
(.056)		 0.035
(.044)		 0.024
(.073)		 -0.102
(.077)
ALTA 0.247**
(.041)		 0.019
(.032)		 0.031
(.039)		 0.292*
(.139)		 0.266**
(.038)		 0.058
(.030)		 -0.016
(.050)		 -0.049
(.047)
BC 0.009
(.036)		 0.044
(.031)		 -0.058
(.034)		 0.053
(.128)		 -0.153**
(.033)		 0.051
(.027)		 -0.158**
(.042)		 0.082*
(.040)
Mover 0.080
(.079)		 -0.070
(.082)		 -0.035
(.111)		 -0.169
(.308)		 -0.012
(.093)		 -0.212**
(.069)		 0.209
(.133)		 -0.604**
(.105)
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 -0.041
(.035)		 0.107**
(.032)		 0.138**
(.036)		 -0.093
(.120)		 0.030
(.032)		 0.115**
(.029)		 0.157**
(.048)		 0.051
(.038)
30,000-99,999 0.003
(.036)		 0.104**
(.032)		 -0.021
(.035)		 -0.086
(.120)		 -0.033
(.033)		 0.116**
(.030)		 0.087
(.050)		 0.001
(.040)
15,000-29,999 0.036
(.070)		 0.082
(.059)		 0.045
(.066)		 -0.144
(.227)		 -0.089
(.067)		 0.027
(.056)		 0.009
(.094)		 0.062
(.074)
0-14,000 0.019
(.034)		 0.060*
(.028)		 0.001
(.031)		 -0.184
(.118)		 -0.062*
(.031)		 0.027
(.026)		 0.021
(.042)		 -0.040
(.039)
Rural Area -0.054
(.034)		 -0.064*
(.027)		 -0.136**
(.031)		 -0.049
(.120)		 -0.075*
(.036)		 -0.057*
(.026)		 -0.052
(.043)		 -0.163**
(.047)
Year (1992)
1993 0.118**
(.036)		 0.080**
(.031)		 0.020
(.034)		 0.194
(.125)		 0.097**
(.035)		 -0.011
(.029)		 0.053
(.045)		 -0.116**
(.045)
1994 0.066
(.036)		 -0.102**
(.031)		 0.459**
(.034)		 -0.168
(.126)		 0.139**
(.035)		 -0.110**
(.029)		 0.065
(.045)		 -0.286**
(.045)
1995 -0.081*
(.036)		 -0.094**
(.030)		 0.142**
(.035)		 -0.291*
(.122)		 -0.063
(.035)		 -0.180**
(.029)		 -0.113*
(.045)		 -0.4
(.044)
52**
Log Likelihood 53,142 69,370 55,105 4,372 60,739 81,463 29,880 39,986
Sample Size 45,620 52,730 41,470 3,700 51,580 62,010 22,460 38,380
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A8b: Hazard Model Results for the Probability of Re-Entering Low Income
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Intercept -1.014** -1.369** -1.272** -0.568** -1.110** -1.479** -1.634** -0.953**
(.049) (.042) (.055) (.163) (.049) (.038) (.061) (.056)
Family Dynamics
to     Single      N/A 0.603** 0.456** -0.154 N/A 1.410** 1.750** -0.492**
  (.067) (.062) (.180)   (.233) (.065) (.099)
to Attached with Children -0.039 N/A 0.749** -0.351 -0.283 N/A 0.772** -1.196**
(.083)   (.064) (.189) (.215)   (.076) (.076)
to Attached no Children -0.533** -0.219** N/A ~~ -0.717** -0.266** N/A -0.920*
(.071) (.073)     (.085) (.076)   (.445)
to Lone Parent 0.858** 0.890** -0.408 N/A 1.455** 2.462** 2.759** N/A
(.113) (.160) (1.003)   (.110) (.049) (.289)  
to Filing Child -1.524** -0.566 -0.151 -0.606 -1.601** ~~ 0.383 -0.862
(.162) (.558) (.535) (1.188) (.277)   (.487) (1.141)
New Spouse N/A 1.493** 1.040** N/A N/A 1.362** 1.361** N/A
  (.181) (.066)     (.126) (.100)  
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A -0.010 N/A 0.059 N/A 0.051* N/A -0.001
  (.030)   (.112)   (.026)   (.037)
Three N/A 0.043 N/A 0.225 N/A 0.176** N/A 0.057
  (.034)   (.177)   (.030)   (.052)
Four N/A 0.131** N/A 0.064 N/A 0.322** N/A 0.327**
  (.048)   (.341)   (.043)   (.091)
Five or more N/A 0.407** N/A 1.002 N/A 0.436** N/A 0.210
  (.077)   (.692)   (.074)   (.159)
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec 0.143 0.213** 0.173* 0.962** 0.078 0.192** 0.012 0.047
(.085) (.064) (.071) (.360) (.070) (.058) (.101) (.126)
French-ROC -0.115 0.103 -0.031 -0.159 -0.222 0.283* -0.102 -0.192
(.143) (.132) (.137) (.547) (.127) (.111) (.181) (.173)
Age Group (40-49)
20-29 -0.366** 0.102* -0.613** 0.101 -0.532** 0.060* -0.767** 0.496**
(.046) (.040) (.069) (.221) (.058) (.031) (.066) (.049)
30-39 -0.126** 0.041 -0.197** -0.055 -0.258** -0.003 -0.300** 0.173**
(.043) (.027) (.064) (.116) (.056) (.025) (.066) (.041)
50-59 0.266** 0.130** 0.224** -0.091 0.168** 0.096 0.152** 0.263**
(.051) (.043) (.052) (.165) (.049) (.056) (.050) (.083)
60-69 -0.515** 0.108 -0.113* 0.319 -0.622** -0.110 -0.572** 0.555**
(.050) (.081) (.050) (.279) (.046) (.161) (.058) (.169)
70+ -0.569** -0.079 -0.684** -1.009 -0.514** -0.026 -0.750** 0.460*
(.056) (.185) (.053) (.558) (.043) (.441) (.083) (.203)
Duration (One Year)
Two Years -0.607** -0.587** -0.583** -0.342** -0.668** -0.601** -0.590** -0.503**
(.035) (.029) (.035) (.124) (.032) (.026) (.044) (.041)
Three Years -0.854** -0.967** -0.922** -0.592** -1.064** -0.910** -0.946** -0.677**
(.056) (.047) (.055) (.192) (.052) (.040) (.066) (.067)
Province (Ont.)
NFLD 0.216* 0.397** 0.356** 0.691 0.535** 0.328** 0.307** -0.014
(.101) (.071) (.085) (.374) (.099) (.063) (.115) (.149)
PEI -0.119 -0.087 0.417* -0.534 0.524* -0.134 -0.090 -0.650**
(.204) (.159) (.172) (.658) (.208) (.156) (.259) (.231)
NS 0.268** 0.141* 0.339** 0.504* 0.376** 0.099 0.109 -0.288**
(.078) (.071) (.070) (.253) (.076) (.062) (.104) (.104)
NB 0.075 0.055 0.165* -0.073 0.444** -0.028 0.227* -0.465**
(.092) (.082) (.083) (.321) (.085) (.069) (.113) (.123)
QUEB 0.011 0.054 0.156** -0.265 0.364** 0.062* 0.143** -0.515**
(.038) (.033) (.037) (.137) (.034) (.029) (.050) (.050)
MAN 0.105 0.106 0.138 -0.490 0.184** 0.039 0.198* -0.567**
(.071) (.057) (.071) (.314) (.069) (.052) (.092) (.099)
SASK 0.024 0.027 0.175** 0.175 0.138* 0.138** 0.277** -0.461**
(.076) (.057) (.064) (.269) (.066) (.051) (.089) (.105)
ALTA -0.131* -0.008 -0.087 -0.221 -0.138** 0.059 0.171** -0.404**
(.054) (.043) (.053) (.188) (.052) (.037) (.064) (.067)
BC 0.037 0.064 0.070 0.085 0.291** 0.048 0.134* -0.477**
(.047) (.041) (.044) (.169) (.042) (.034) (.056) (.053)
Mover 0.389** 0.505** 0.091 0.509 0.695** 0.548** 0.491** 0.898**
(.109) (.112) (.149) (.443) (.122) (.086) (.161) (.153)
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 -0.028 -0.082 -0.028 -0.364* 0.019 -0.051 -0.190** 0.039
(.047) (.042) (.047) (.164) (.041) (.036) (.064) (.050)
30,000-99,999 0.043 0.060 -0.007 -0.094 0.006 -0.030 -0.072 0.120*
(.049) (.043) (.048) (.160) (.044) (.037) (.064) (.053)
15,000-29,999 -0.053 0.051 0.065 -0.140 0.128 0.079 0.031 0.231*
(.089) (.078) (.089) (.314) (.085) (.065) (.120) (.099)
0-14,999 0.068 0.078* 0.135** -0.344* 0.069 0.053 0.018 0.167**
(.044) (.036) (.040) (.166) (.041) (.032) (.054) (.053)
Rural Area 0.217** 0.248** 0.223** 0.029 0.184** 0.240** 0.267** 0.377**
(.045) (.034) (.040) (.157) (.046) (.031) (.053) (.064)
Year (1993)
1994 0.161** 0.144** -0.247** 0.008 0.093* 0.182** 0.114* 0.547**
(.040) (.033) (.039) (.143) (.037) (.029) (.051) (.047)
1995 0.164** 0.093** -0.186** 0.060 0.193** 0.130** 0.178** 0.413**
(.041) (.034) (.037) (.150) (.037) (.030) (.051) (.049)
Log Likelihood 31,562 45,835 37,318 2,369 38,783 59,853 21,485 21,467
Sample Size 31,750 46,060 44,140 2,000 41,700 61,260 27,150 18,140
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A8c: Probability Effects for the Hazard Exit Models (%)
  Men Women
   Single    Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent    Single    Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Base Line Probability 34.22** 48.78 43.79** 38.22** 34.33** 53.20** 54.85** 41.96**
Family Dynamics
to     Single      N/A 11.48** 11.62** 18.36** N/A -0.72 4.57** 24.62**
to Attached with Children 29.42** N/A -7.93** 30.82** 42.42** N/A -5.44** 47.72
to Attached no Children 39.23** 10.86** N/A 39.42** 50.90** 8.09** N/A 49.16**
to Lone Parent -2.41 -1.51 -4.07 N/A -17.81** -22.29** -34.33** N/A
to Filing Child 56.82** 43.97** 48.34** ~~ 59.20** ~~ 33.13** ~~
New Spouse N/A 4.79 32.92** N/A N/A 9.56** 25.47** N/A
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A 2.55** N/A 1.11 N/A 2.62** N/A 0.28
Three N/A 3.56** N/A 6.06 N/A 0.36 N/A -2.11*
Four N/A 2.61** N/A 12.77 N/A -1.83* N/A -4.58**
Five or more N/A -2.57 N/A 7.45 N/A -3.42* N/A -1.71
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec -0.14 -4.75** 3.03* -10.16 -0.51 -4.62** -4.72* -1.30
French-ROC -5.44* 2.41 0.04 -12.39 -3.09 -0.35 -2.00 -2.93
Age Group (40-49)
20-29 4.25** -2.86** 4.73** -6.09 2.22* -7.51** 2.49 -12.04**
30-39 2.10** -1.78** 0.74 -4.14* 0.57 -4.22** 0.06 -5.14**
50-59 -2.52** -1.52 -0.28 -1.33 -1.95* -0.39 -1.59 -1.97
60-69 10.67** -2.30 5.99** 11.69* 15.59 7.29* 7.59** 3.15
70+ 16.90** -4.10 14.20** 11.03 20.02 15.99 10.85** 6.95
Duration (One Year)
Two Years -11.20** -13.89** -12.43** -11.50** -11.73** -13.84** -14.94** -12.10**
Three Years -15.79** -19.93** -14.99** -18.11** -17.05** -21.07** -21.12** -17.74**
Four Years -16.70** -21.10** -19.50** -18.40** -19.42** -21.05** -26.57** -17.76**
Province (Ont.)
NFLD -13.85** -16.47** -14.52** -5.52 -14.34** -12.19** -21.88** -15.95**
PEI  -0.96 1.29 0.19 11.34 -5.96 3.94 -5.81 -5.28
NS -7.36** -5.08** -7.31** -7.63 -8.47** -3.72** -8.34** -13.26**
NB -5.00** -7.00** -7.80** 5.58 -10.84** -3.18* -3.69 -11.35**
QUEB -4.40** -2.32** -5.23** 1.73 -6.60** -1.08 -3.94** -7.46**
MAN -3.85** -2.60 -2.10 -10.18* -5.21** 0.08 2.32 -2.94
SASK 0.66 0.17 0.11 4.20 1.36 0.88 0.59 -2.46
ALTA 5.75** 0.46 0.76 7.09* 6.22** 1.44 -0.38 -1.19
BC 0.20 1.09 -1.41 1.25 -3.37** 1.28 -3.94** 2.00*
Mobility
Mover 1.81 -1.75 -0.86 -3.90 -0.27 -5.29** 5.10 -13.64**
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 -0.91 2.68** 3.42** -2.18 0.68 2.86** 3.86** 1.23
30,000-99,999 0.06 2.59 -0.53 -2.00 -0.74 2.87** 2.15 0.01
15,000-29,999 0.81 2.06 1.12 -3.34 -1.97 0.66 0.22 1.52
0-14,999 0.43 1.51* 0.02 -4.24 -1.39* 0.66 0.52 -0.96
Rural Area -1.20 -1.60* -3.31** -1.15 -1.68* -1.42* -1.28 -3.91**
Year (1992)
1993 2.71** 2.00** 0.49 4.68 2.21** -0.28 1.32 -2.80**
1994 1.50 -2.54** 11.43** -3.88 3.20** -2.74** 1.61 -6.75**
1995 -1.81* -2.35** 3.53** -6.59* -1.41 -4.49** -2.81* -10.46**

Table A8d: Probability Effects for the Hazard Re-Entry Models (%)
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Base Line Probability 26.61** 20.28** 21.89** 36.17** 24.79** 18.56** 16.33** 27.83**
Family Dynamics
to     Single      N/A 11.45** 8.76** -3.48 N/A 29.72** 36.57** -8.75**
to Attached with Children -0.75 N/A 15.33** -7.65 -4.90 N/A 13.36** -17.38**
to Attached no Children -9.07** -3.31** N/A ~~ -10.92** -3.68** N/A -14.51*
to Lone Parent 19.49** 17.97** -6.18 N/A 33.75** 54.22** 59.17** N/A
to Filing Child -19.29** -7.66 -2.47 -12.55 -18.56** ~~ 5.92 -13.83
New Spouse N/A 32.82** 22.34** N/A N/A 28.53** 26.88** N/A
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A -0.16 N/A 1.36 N/A 0.78* N/A -0.01
Three N/A 0.70 N/A 5.35 N/A 2.80** N/A 1.17
Four N/A 2.21** N/A 1.48 N/A 5.36** N/A 7.02**
Five or more N/A 7.37** N/A 24.51 N/A 7.49** N/A 4.40
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec 2.87 3.66** 3.09* 23.56** 1.49 3.08** 0.17 0.94
French-ROC -2.18 1.72 -0.53 -3.59 -3.90 4.65* -1.35 -3.68
Age Group (40-49)
20-29 -6.52** 1.69* -8.71** 2.36 -8.57** 0.92* -8.02** 10.94**
30-39 -2.39** 0.66 -3.19** -1.26 -4.50** -0.04 -3.70** 3.60**
50-59 5.50** 2.18** 4.07** -2.08 3.27** 1.50 2.18** 5.57**
60-69 -8.80** 1.80 -1.87* 7.63 -9.75** -1.61 -6.40** 12.34**
70+ -9.58** -1.24 -9.50** -19.05 -8.33** -0.39 -7.89** 10.09*
Duration (One Year)
Two Years -10.11** -7.88** -8.36** -7.47** -10.33** -7.45** -6.57** -8.92**
Three Years -13.24** -11.46** -11.86** -12.30** -14.58** -10.16** -9.28** -11.45*
Province (Ont.)
NFLD 4.42** 7.16** 6.69** 16.89 11.23** 5.48** 4.63** -0.28
PEI -2.26 -1.38 7.95* -11.24* 10.98* -1.94 -1.19 -11.07**
NS 5.55** 2.37* 6.34** 12.24 7.64** 1.54 1.54 -5.39**
NB 1.48 0.90 2.95* -1.66 9.14** -0.42 3.34* -8.33**
QUEB 0.21 0.89 2.77** -5.86 7.38** 0.96* 2.06** -9.11**
MAN 2.11 1.76 2.46 -10.39 3.59** 0.59 2.89* -9.88**
SASK 0.46 0.44 3.13** 4.12 2.67* 2.17** 4.14** -8.27**
ALTA  -2.47* -0.13 -1.45 -4.93 -2.48** 0.91 2.47** -7.35**
BC 0.73 1.06 1.21 1.98 5.81** 0.74 1.92* -8.52**
Mover 8.24** 9.37** 1.60 12.36 14.97** 9.70** 7.84** 20.80**
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999  -0.55 -1.29 -0.47 -7.92* 0.36 -0.75 -2.44** 0.79
30,000-99,999  0.85 0.98 -0.11 -2.14 0.11 -0.44 -0.95 2.46*
15,000-29,999  -1.01 0.83 1.13 -3.15 2.46 1.22 0.42 4.86*
0-14,999  1.34 1.30* 2.39** -7.51* 1.31 0.82 0.25 3.47**
Rural Area 4.45** 4.31** 4.05** 0.66 3.60** 3.91** 3.99** 8.16**
Year (1992)
1994 3.26** 2.43** -3.93** 0.20 1.78* 2.91** 1.62* 12.17**
1995 3.33** 1.55** -3.02** 1.39 3.78** 2.04** 2.58** 8.99**
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A9a: Logit Model Results for the Probability of Entering Low Income, 1995-96
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Intercept -3.150** -4.024** -4.282** -2.442** -3.303** -3.733** -4.282** -2.300**
(.041) (.036) (.046) (.134) (.042) (.031) (.046) (.051)
Family Dynamics
to     Single      N/A 1.124** 0.618** -0.745** N/A 1.812** 1.833** -0.502**
  (.058) (.054) (.198)   (.167) (.050) (.101)
to Attached with Children -0.124 N/A 0.626** -0.208 -0.250 N/A 0.815** -1.168**
(.079)   (.070) (.175) (.264)   (.076) (.087)
to Attached no Children -0.675** -0.275** N/A -0.901 -0.548** -0.218** N/A -1.136**
(.071) (.070)   (.738) (.080) (.067)   (.422)
to Lone Parent 0.922** 0.919** 1.061* N/A 1.872** 2.944** 3.333** N/A
(.101) (.145) (.507)   (.117) (.033) (.240)  
to Filing Child -1.302** -0.093 -0.215 ~~ -1.049** ~~ -0.977 ~~
(.178) (.570) (.797)   (.268)   (.993)  
New Spouse N/A 1.275** 0.777** N/A N/A 1.954** 1.371** N/A
  (.176) (.086)     (.120) (.122)  
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A -0.105** N/A -0.043 N/A 0.015 N/A -0.098*
  (.029)   (.113)   (.025)   (.044)
Three N/A 0.038 N/A 0.070 N/A 0.122** N/A 0.249**
  (.035)   (.176)   (.030)   (.060)
Four N/A 0.097 N/A -0.512 N/A 0.269** N/A 0.699**
  (.053)   (.398)   (.045)   (.104)
Five or more N/A 0.295** N/A 0.359 N/A 0.423** N/A 0.753**
  (.091)   (.742)   (.084)   (.190)
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec 0.062 0.226** 0.009 0.375 0.072 0.338** -0.034 0.239
(.089) (.069) (.071) (.357) (.072) (.059) (.093) (.134)
French-ROC -0.204 -0.070 0.247* 0.031 -0.108 -0.061 0.163 -0.421
(.145) (.125) (.116) (.552) (.131) (.105) (.147) (.235)
Age Group (40-49)
20-29 -0.122* 0.370** -0.360** 0.064 -0.344** 0.425** -0.476** 0.608**
(.050) (.045) (.073) (.289) (.066) (.032) (.067) (.064)
30-39 -0.037 0.215** -0.129* 0.248* -0.352** 0.229** -0.165** 0.266**
(.041) (.027) (.060) (.115) (.056) (.023) (.058) (.044)
50-59 0.201** 0.142** 0.251** -0.093 0.170** 0.120* 0.136** 0.118
(.047) (.042) (.045) (.164) (.046) (.052) (.042) (.087)
60-69 -0.466** 0.377** 0.043 0.621* -0.611** -0.065 -0.571** 0.662**
(.052) (.088) (.044) (.275) (.047) (.187) (.051) (.196)
70+ -0.863** 0.121 -0.880** -0.639 -0.661** -0.205 -1.290** 0.356
(.056) (.200) (.051) (.526) (.042) (.376) (.074) (.216)
Years Low-Income (92-94)
One 1.563** 1.878** 1.960** 1.439** 1.639** 1.556** 1.895** 1.156**
(.037) (.031) (.035) (.127) (.034) (.027) (.042) (.048)
Two 2.016** 2.475** 2.448** 1.897** 2.256** 2.062** 2.465** 1.660**
(.044) (.037) (.040) (.159) (.039) (.032) (.053) (.057)
Three 2.574** 3.046** 2.870** 2.341** 2.837** 2.559** 2.930** 2.173**
(.049) (.045) (.042) (.199) (.045) (.039) (.066) (.067)
Province (Ont.)
NFLD 0.317** 0.444** 0.587** 0.061 0.235* 0.225** 0.471** -0.406*
(.110) (.070) (.077) (.423) (.112) (.062) (.103) (.176)
PEI  0.110 -0.078 0.313 -0.701 -0.001 0.006 -0.306 -0.965**
(.196) (.160) (.172) (.769) (.215) (.133) (.254) (.305)
NS 0.209** 0.212** 0.445** 0.492 0.011 0.078 0.252** -0.564**
(.080) (.066) (.065) (.252) (.082) (.056) (.089) (.122)
NB 0.152 0.157* 0.361** -0.064 0.202* 0.018 0.231* -0.834**
(.091) (.074) (.073) (.315) (.087) (.063) (.096) (.156)
QUEB -0.022 -0.057 0.258** -0.420** 0.163** -0.229** 0.208** -0.751**
(.038) (.032) (.034) (.134) (.035) (.028) (.044) (.056)
MAN 0.038 -0.071 0.045 -0.489 0.102 -0.125* 0.091 -0.777**
(.075) (.061) (.069) (.299) (.067) (.052) (.082) (.117)
SASK 0.012 0.072 0.189** -0.327 0.087 -0.108* 0.301** -0.992**
(.082) (.061) (.066) (.296) (.071) (.055) (.080) (.137)
ALTA -0.110 -0.025 0.116* -0.329 -0.171** -0.028 0.195** -0.587**
(.056) (.043) (.049) (.192) (.054) (.036) (.057) (.076)
BC 0.008 0.015 0.232** -0.088 0.082 -0.040 0.288** -0.658**
(.047) (.041) (.041) (.172) (.043) (.034) (.049) (.064)
Mover 0.588** 0.673** 0.429** 0.518 0.880** 0.980** 0.699** 1.044**
(.110) (.103) (.137) (.440) (.122) (.076) (.140) (.174)
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 -0.024 -0.118** -0.212** -0.266 0.034 -0.098** -0.131* 0.027
(.047) (.040) (.044) (.163) (.041) (.033) (.053) (.058)
30,000-99,999 0.059 -0.035 -0.006 -0.078 0.073 -0.035 -0.022 0.145*
(.049) (.042) (.044) (.162) (.045) (.035) (.056) (.062)
15,000-29,999 -0.070 -0.147 0.061 0.065 0.037 -0.074 0.010 0.280*
(.092) (.081) (.081) (.285) (.092) (.066) (.105) (.120)
0-14,999 0.086 0.129** 0.262** -0.159 0.176** 0.083** 0.256** 0.219**
(.045) (.036) (.037) (.163) (.043) (.031) (.047) (.063)
Rural Area 0.246** 0.435** 0.469** 0.187 0.319** 0.380** 0.583** 0.428**
(.047) (.036) (.038) (.158) (.049) (.031) (.048) (.077)
Log Likl. 38,067 61,369 56,284 2,829 46,885 80,703 34,420 18,348
Sample Size 95,590 230,410 253,040 4,870 140,460 229,760 190,160 27,170
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A9b: Logit Model Results for the Probability of Being Poor, 1996
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Intercept -2.883** -3.987** -4.177** -2.447** -3.228** -3.493** -4.218** -2.127**
(.029) (.028) (.036) (.098) (.031) (.024) (.037) (.034)
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A -0.047* N/A -0.164* N/A -0.064** N/A 0.101**
  (.021)   (.076)   (.018)   (.026)
Three N/A 0.018 N/A -0.287* N/A -0.004 N/A 0.391**
  (.025)   (.127)   (.022)   (.038)
Four N/A 0.101** N/A -0.358 N/A 0.120** N/A 0.716**
  (.037)   (.228)   (.033)   (.073)
Five or more N/A 0.284** N/A 0.177 N/A 0.304** N/A 1.068**
  (.066)   (.507)   (.059)   (.150)
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec 0.071 0.271** 0.024 0.311 0.012 0.170** 0.238** -0.088
(.056) (.048) (.052) (.244) (.049) (.044) (.066) (.080)
French-ROC 0.137 -0.033 0.076 0.099 -0.002 -0.121 0.146 -0.011
(.088) (.090) (.091) (.344) (.082) (.082) (.115) (.128)
Age Group (40-49)
20-29 -0.151** 0.322** -0.222** 0.531** 0.049 0.098** -0.558** 0.951**
(.034) (.033) (.053) (.179) (.044) (.024) (.053) (.039)
30-39 -0.081** 0.189** -0.084 0.375** -0.108** 0.121** -0.126** 0.476**
(.028) (.019) (.045) (.080) (.038) (.017) (.046) (.027)
50-59 0.180** 0.061* 0.253** -0.032 0.199** 0.082* 0.218** 0.002
(.031) (.030) (.034) (.101) (.032) (.036) (.033) (.052)
60-69 -0.717** 0.118 0.058 -0.060 -0.752** 0.024 -0.298** 0.187
(.033) (.062) (.033) (.187) (.032) (.117) (.037) (.129)
70+ -1.219** 0.017 -0.929** -0.978** -0.747** -0.068 -0.794** 0.163
(.035) (.137) (.037) (.246) (.029) (.269) (.052) (.137)
Years Low-Income (92-95)
One 2.258** 2.600** 2.638** 2.156** 2.314** 2.297** 2.650** 1.650**
(.026) (.024) (.026) (.089) (.025) (.021) (.032) (.031)
Two 2.979** 3.403** 3.393** 2.920** 3.188** 2.995** 3.365** 2.379**
(.028) (.025) (.028) (.100) (.026) (.022) (.036) (.035)
Three 3.672** 4.170** 3.833** 3.526** 4.006** 3.670** 3.955** 3.135**
(.029) (.027) (.029) (.110) (.028) (.024) (.039) (.039)
Four 5.348** 5.337** 5.313** 4.944** 5.759** 4.847** 5.028** 4.434**
(.032) (.029) (.032) (.124) (.029) (.025) (.040) (.040)
Province (Ont.)
NFLD 0.528** 0.665** 0.712** 0.597* 0.680** 0.428** 0.640** 0.047
(.069) (.049) (.054) (.238) (.068) (.045) (.069) (.095)
PEI 0.095 -0.104 0.287* -0.330 0.232 -0.160 -0.065 -0.362*
(.132) (.122) (.131) (.468) (.127) (.107) (.183) (.165)
NS 0.279** 0.330** 0.436** 0.284 0.415** 0.098* 0.292** 0.097
(.052) (.049) (.049) (.185) (.050) (.043) (.066) (.069)
NB 0.208** 0.226** 0.350** 0.305 0.466** 0.031 0.169* -0.020
(.061) (.055) (.056) (.204) (.057) (.049) (.077) (.082)
QUEB 0.150** -0.011 0.183** -0.177 0.353** -0.198** 0.030 -0.099**
(.025) (.024) (.026) (.092) (.023) (.021) (.034) (.032)
MAN 0.083 0.012 0.042 0.065 0.157** -0.059 -0.042 -0.344**
(.049) (.042) (.051) (.173) (.047) (.038) (.065) (.065)
SASK 0.020 -0.029 0.111* -0.149 -0.101 -0.060 0.166** -0.386**
(.055) (.045) (.050) (.183) (.052) (.040) (.064) (.071)
ALTA -0.117** -0.004 0.021 -0.482** -0.282** -0.084** 0.153** -0.315**
(.038) (.031) (.037) (.132) (.038) (.027) (.043) (.045)
BC 0.001 -0.079** 0.221** -0.040 0.154** -0.139** 0.243** -0.531**
(.032) (.030) (.031) (.115) (.030) (.026) (.037) (.038)
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 0.000 -0.090** -0.198** -0.159 0.054 -0.165** -0.172** 0.084*
(.031) (.030) (.033) (.111) (.028) (.025) (.041) (.036)
30,000-99,999 -0.016 -0.039 -0.031 0.002 0.113** -0.162** -0.096* 0.133**
(.033) (.031) (.032) (.109) (.030) (.027) (.043) (.038)
15,000-29,999 0.007 0.004 -0.016 -0.204 0.100 -0.109* -0.064 0.205**
(.061) (.057) (.060) (.200) (.060) (.049) (.080) (.073)
0-14,999 -0.022 0.087** 0.119** -0.061 0.172** -0.013 0.127** 0.222**
(.030) (.027) (.028) (.106) (.029) (.023) (.037) (.039)
Rural Area 0.099** 0.358** 0.307** 0.126 0.245** 0.250** 0.363** 0.401**
(.031) (.026) (.028) (.109) (.033) (.023) (.037) (.046)
Log Likl. 76,681 97,927 85,728 5,750 89,375 124,774 54,755 46,688
Sample Size 131,280 254,780 275,840 7,800 182,650 260,330 205,390 56,010
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A9c: Probability Effects for 1995-1996 Entry (%)
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Base Line Probability 4.11 1.76 1.36** 8.00** 3.55** 2.34** 1.36** 9.12**
Family Dynamics
to     Single      N/A 3.46** 1.14** -4.04** N/A 10.43** 6.59** -3.39**
to Attached with Children -0.46 N/A 1.16** -1.40 -0.76 N/A 1.67** -6.09**
to Attached no Children -1.97** -0.42** N/A -4.59 -1.46** -0.45** N/A -6.00**
to Lone Parent 5.62** 2.53** 2.48* N/A 15.74** 28.90** 26.55** N/A
to Filing Child -2.96** -0.15 -0.26 ~~ -2.27** ~~ -0.85 ~~
New Spouse N/A 4.25** 1.56** N/A N/A 12.10** 3.80** N/A
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A -0.17** N/A -0.31 N/A 0.04 N/A -0.78*
Three N/A 0.07 N/A 0.53 N/A 0.30** N/A 2.29**
Four N/A 0.18 N/A -3.05 N/A 0.70** N/A 7.67**
Five or more N/A 0.59** N/A 3.07 N/A 1.19** N/A 8.43**
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec 0.25 0.44** 0.01 3.24 0.25 0.91** -0.05 2.19
French-ROC -0.73 -0.12 0.38* 0.23 -0.35 -0.14 0.24 -2.94
Age Group (40-49)
20-29 -0.46* 0.77** -0.41** 0.48 -1.01** 1.19** -0.51** 6.44**
30-39 -0.14 0.41** -0.16* 2.02* -1.03** 0.58** -0.21** 2.46**
50-59 0.87v 0.26** 0.38** -0.66 0.63** 0.29* 0.20** 1.02
60-69 -1.49** 0.78** 0.06 5.93* -1.59** -0.14 -0.59** 7.16**
70+ -2.33** 0.22 -0.79** -3.61 -1.68** -0.42 -0.98** 3.41
Years Low-Income (92-94)
One 12.88** 8.71** 7.57** 18.84** 12.37** 7.84** 7.05** 15.05**
Two 20.23** 15.76** 12.42** 28.70** 22.42** 13.49** 12.62** 25.42**
Three 31.88** 25.58** 18.23** 39.48** 34.99** 21.28** 19.19** 37.71**
Province (Ont.)
NFLD  1.45** 0.95** 1.06** 0.46 0.90* 0.57** 0.80** -2.85*
PEI 0.45 -0.13 0.49 -3.86 0.00 0.01 -0.36 -5.44**
NS  0.91** 0.40** 0.75** 4.45 0.04 0.18 0.38** -3.72**
NB 0.64 0.29* 0.58** -0.46 0.76* 0.04 0.35* -4.94**
QUEB -0.08 -0.09 0.39** -2.60** 0.60** -0.47** 0.31** -4.60**
MAN 0.15 -0.12 0.06 -2.94 0.36 -0.27* 0.13 -4.71**
SASK 0.05 0.13 0.28** -2.10 0.31 -0.23* 0.47** -5.53**
ALTA -0.41 -0.04 0.17* -2.11 -0.54** -0.06 0.29** -3.83**
BC 0.03 0.03 0.35** -0.63 0.29 -0.09 0.45** -4.18**
Mover 3.05** 1.63** 0.72** 4.74 4.59** 3.66** 1.34** 13.06**
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 -0.09 -0.19** -0.26** -1.75 0.12 -0.21** -0.17* 0.23
30,000-99,999 0.24 -0.06 -0.01 -0.56 0.26 -0.08 -0.03 1.28*
15,000-29,999 -0.27 -0.24 0.09 0.49 0.13 -0.16 0.01 2.60*
0-14,999 0.35 0.24** 0.40** -1.10 0.65** 0.20** 0.39** 1.98**
Rural Area 1.09** 0.93** 0.80** 1.49 1.27** 1.04** 1.05** 4.22**
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.

Table A9d: Probability Effects for Being Poor, 1996 (%)
  Men Women
    Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent     Single      Attached with Children Attached no Children Lone Parent
Base Line Probability 5.30** 1.82** 1.51** 7.97** 3.81** 2.95** 1.45** 10.65**
Number of Children (One)
Two N/A -0.08* N/A -1.12* N/A -0.18** N/A 1.00**
Three N/A 0.03 N/A -1.87* N/A -0.01 N/A 4.33**
Four N/A 0.19** N/A -2.26 N/A 0.36** N/A 8.95**
Five or more N/A 0.58** N/A 1.40 N/A 1.01** N/A 15.09**
Minority Language (ENG/FR)
English-Quebec 0.37 0.55** 0.04 2.60 0.05 0.53** 0.38** -0.81
French-ROC 0.73 -0.06 0.12 0.76 -0.01 -0.33 0.22 -0.11
Age Group (40-49)
20-29 -0.71** 0.68** -0.30** 4.86** 0.18 0.29** -0.62** 12.93**
30-39 -0.39** 0.37** -0.12 3.22** -0.38** 0.37** -0.17** 5.45**
50-59 0.98** 0.11* 0.43** -0.23 0.80** 0.25* 0.35** 0.02
60-69 -2.64** 0.22 0.09 -0.43 -1.98** 0.07 -0.37** 1.91
70+ -3.67** 0.03 -0.91** -4.81** -1.97** -0.19 -0.79** 1.66
Years Low-Income (92-95)
One 29.58** 18.16** 16.16** 34.81** 24.81** 20.28** 15.80** 27.64**
Two 47.09** 33.97** 29.84** 53.64** 45.20** 34.87** 28.43** 45.61**
Three 63.46** 52.73** 39.97** 66.66** 64.71** 51.48** 42.01** 62.60**
Four 86.86** 77.59** 74.19** 84.43** 88.82** 76.54** 67.77** 80.29**
Province (Ont.)
NFLD 3.37** 1.66** 1.52** 5.62* 3.44** 1.51** 1.27** 0.45
PEI 0.49 -0.18 0.49* -2.11 0.95 -0.42 -0.09 -2.99*
NS 1.59** 0.69** 0.81** 2.34 1.85** 0.29* 0.48** 0.96
NB 1.14** 0.45** 0.62** 2.54 2.13** 0.09 0.26* -0.19
QUEB 0.81** -0.02 0.30** -1.20 1.53** -0.52** 0.04 -0.90**
MAN 0.43 0.02 0.06 0.49 0.62** -0.16 -0.06 -2.86**
SASK 0.10 -0.05 0.18* -1.02 -0.35 -0.17 0.26** -3.15**
ALTA -0.56** -0.01 0.03 -2.89** -0.91** -0.23** 0.24** -2.64**
BC 0.01 -0.14** 0.37** -0.28 0.60** -0.37** 0.39** -4.10**
Area Size (500,000+)
100,000-499,999 0.00 -0.15** -0.27** -1.09 0.20 -0.44** -0.23** 0.82*
30,000-99,999 -0.08 -0.07 -0.05 0.01 0.44** -0.43** -0.13* 1.33**
15,000-29,999 0.04 0.01 -0.02 -1.37 0.38 -0.30* -0.09 2.11**
0-14,999 -0.11 0.16** 0.19** -0.43 0.68** -0.04 0.19** 2.30**
Rural Area 0.52** 0.76** 0.53** 0.97 1.01** 0.81** 0.62** 4.45**
Log Likl.
Sample Size
* Significance at the 95% level
** Significance at the 95% level
~~ The coefficient had to be suppressed to alleviate convergence problems.
PreviousContentsNext
     
   
Last modified : 2005-01-11 top Important Notices