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Multi-Level Effects on Behaviour Outcomes in Canadian Children - May 2001
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Appendix

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Table A1
Descriptive Statistics at the Child Level of Analysis for Physical Aggression
(2-11 Years Old)
  Mean Standard Deviation Minimum Maximum
Physical Aggression (2-11) 1.02 1.22 0 6
Female 0.49 0.50 0 1
Child's Age 6.49 2.87 2 11
Hostile/Punitive Parenting 13.90 5.25 0 37
Positive Interaction 13.47 3.28 1 20
Consistent Parenting 14.71 3.48 0 20
Exposure to Violence in the Home 1.11 0.38 1 4
Household socioeconomic Status -0.04 0.78 -3.16 2.82
Recent Immigrant (past 4 years) 0.02 0.15 0 1
Immigrant (5-9 years) 0.04 0.19 0 1
Blended Family 0.05 0.21 0 1
Single Parent Family 0.15 0.35 0 1
Two Biological Parents Family 0.80 0.40 0 1
Years Lived at Current Address 5.83 5.09 0 48
Home Ownership 0.75 0.44 0 1
Residential Crowding 1.38 0.41 0 6
Number of Siblings 1.38 1.01 0 11
Biological Mother's Age at First Birth 28.15 4.96 14 54
PMK Level of Depression 4.75 5.60 0 35
EA Type        
Low Adult Employment, Low Income, Low        
Education 0.01 0.12 0 1
Low Youth Employment, Low Education 0.04 0.20 0 1
High % Single Parents and Immigrants, Low        
Income, Low Employment 0.06 0.24 0 1
High % Single Parents and Immigrants 0.09 0.28 0 1
Lower Middle Class 0.29 0.46 0 1
Middle Class 0.19 0.40 0 1
Upper Middle Class 0.25 0.43 0 1
Very High socioeconomic Status 0.06 0.23 0 1
PMK Perceived Problems in the Neighbourhood 1.31 1.67 0 10
Census (EA) Percentage Home Owners 71.40 22.62 0 100
Census (EA) Percentage Immigrant 14.70 13.77 0 91
Census (EA) Concentrated Advantage 0.58 2.03 -3 10
Census (EA) Concentrated Disadvantage -0.35 2.81 -6 20
Census (EA) Adult/ Child Ratio 2.57 1.14 1 37
Census (EA) Neighbourhood Density 2.90 0.44 1 7
PMK: Neighbours Score 10.70 2.78 0 15
PMK: Neighbourhood Safety 4.30 1.28 0 6

Table A2
Descriptive Statistics at the Child Level of Analysis for Indirect Aggression Analyses
(2-11 Years Old)
  Mean Standard Deviation Minimum Maximum
Indirect Aggression 1.20 1.68 0 10
Female 0.49 0.50 0 1
Child's Age 7.47 2.29 4 11
Hostile/Punitive Parenting 13.73 5.20 0 36
Positive Interaction 12.80 3.05 1 20
Consistent Parenting 14.82 3.47 0 20
Exposure to Violence in the Home 1.11 0.40 1 4
Household socioeconomic Status -0.04 0.78 -3.16 2.82
Recent Immigrant (past 4 years) 0.02 0.15 0 1
Immigrant (5-9 years) 0.04 0.19 0 1
Blended Two Parent Family 0.06 0.23 0 1
Single Parent Family 0.15 0.35 0 1
Two Biological Parents Family 0.79 0.40 0 1
Years Lived at Current Address 6.21 5.24 0 48
Home Ownership 0.75 0.43 0 1
Residential Crowding 1.38 0.41 0 6
Number of Siblings 1.45 1.01 0 11
Biological Mother's Age at First Birth 27.92 4.88 14 54
PMK Level of Depression 4.67 5.63 0 35
EA Type        
Low Adult Employment, Low Income, Low        
Education 0.01 0.12 0 1
Low Youth Employment, Low Education 0.04 0.20 0 1
High % Single Parents and Immigrants, Low        
Income, Low Employment 0.06 0.23 0 1
High % Single Parents and Immigrants 0.09 0.28 0 1
Lower Middle Class 0.30 0.46 0 1
Middle Class 0.19 0.39 0 1
Upper Middle Class 0.26 0.44 0 1
Very High socioeconomic Status 0.06 0.23 0 1
PMK Perceived Problems in the Neighbourhood 1.31 1.65 0 10
Census (EA) Percentage Home Owners 71.86 22.20 0 100
Census (EA) Percentage Immigrant 14.59 13.74 0 90
Census (EA) Concentrated Advantage 0.61 2.06 -3 10
Census (EA) Concentrated Disadvantage -0.40 2.75 -6 20
Census (EA) Adult/ Child Ratio 2.57 1.12 1 23
Census (EA) Neighbourhood Density 2.91 0.44 1 7
PMK: Neighbours Score 10.75 2.77 0 15
PMK: Neighbourhood Safety 4.33 1.27 0 6


Table B.1
Correlations Among Individual, Family, and Neighbourhood Independent Variables with Childhood Aggression
  Mean Outcomes
  Indirect Aggression
(4-11)
N=10,971		 Physical Aggression
(2-11)
N=14,287
Independent Variables    
 Female 0.07*** -0.12***
 Child's Age 0.13*** -0.11***
 Hostile/Punitive Parenting 0.28*** 0.39***
 Positive Interaction -0.15*** -0.01
 Consistent Parenting -0.14*** -0.13***
 Exposure to Violence in the Home 0.10*** 0.13***
 Household socioeconomic Status -0.10*** -0.08***
 Recent Immigrant (past 4 years) -0.02* -0.04***
Immigrant (5-9 years) 0.03** -0.03***
Immigrated over 10 years ago -0.01 -0.07***
 Blended Family 0.05*** 0.02*
 Single Parent Family 0.10*** 0.09***
 Two Biological Parents Family -0.12*** -0.09***
 Years Lived at Current Address -0.04*** -0.08***
 Home Ownership -0.09*** -0.07***
 Residential Crowding -0.04*** 0.01
 Number of Siblings 0.00 0.05*
 Biological Mother's Age at First Birth -0.10*** -0.06***
 PMK Level of Depression 0.20*** 0.16***
Census EA Type    
Low Adult Employment, Income and Education 0.02* -0.00
 Low Youth Employment and Education -0.00 -0.01
High % Single Parents and Immigrants, Low Income,    
  Low Employment 0.04*** 0.01
High % Single Parents and Immigrants 0.00 0.02*
Lower Middle Class 0.04*** 0.00
Middle Class -0.01 0.03***
Upper Middle Class -0.02* -0.02
Very High socioeconomic Status -0.05*** -0.05***
PMK Perceived Problems in Neighbourhood 0.09*** 0.11***
Census (EA) Percentage Home Owners -0.04*** -0.01
Census (EA) Percentage Immigrant 0.00 -0.07***
Census (EA) Concentrated Advantage -0.06*** -0.07***
Census (EA) Concentrated Disadvantage 0.05*** 0.03***
Census (EA) Adult/ Child Ratio -0.04*** -0.04***
Census (EA) Neighbourhood Density -0.00 -0.03***
PMK: Neighbours Score -0.09*** -0.07***
PMK: Neighbourhood Safety -0.06*** -0.07***
Notes: =0.10 (two-tailed tests of statistical significance), *=p<0.05, **=p<0.01, ***=p<0.001. All correlations use a normalized weight to retain the effective sample size while adjusting for the research design.

Table B.2
Correlations Among Census-Tract Level Variables
(96 CT Units)
  Percentage
Low Income
Families 		Census
Tract
Population 		Census Tract
Level of
Collective
Efficacy
Percentage of Low Income Families per CT -    
CT Population -0.04 -  
CT Level of Collective Efficacya 0.34*** -0.01 -
CT Level of Perceived Neighbourhood Problemsb -0.24* 0.16 -0.27**
*=p<0.05, **=p<0.01, ***=p<0.001 (two-tailed tests of statistical significance), a=coding on this variable indicate high scores with low levels of collective efficacy, b=coding on this variable equates low scores with high tract level problems.

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Last modified : 2005-01-11 top Important Notices