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Does Policy Affect Outcomes for Young Children? An Analysis with International Microdata - August 1999 |
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Appendix Tables
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| Country | Source | Sample Size (children) | Population Represented |
| Canada | Statistics Canada. National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Cycle 1, Release 2. 1994-95 | 22,831 | All children aged 0-11 |
| Norway | Statistics Norway Health Survey, 1995 | 1,646 | All children aged 0-11 |
| United States | Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor. The National Survey of Children, 1994 | 3,961 | Children of women who were 29-36 on January 1, 1994 |
| Source | |||
| Variables | Canada | Norway | United States |
| Unemployment Rate -1994 -10 yr. History, average (1984-1993) | Statistics Canada, Cansim Statistical Database | Eurostat Yearbook, 1997 | US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment, Annual |
| Gross Domestic Product 1994 -converted to Cdn$ using Purchasing Power Parity conversion factors | Statistics Canada, Cansim Statistical Database, Matrix Label # D21266 | Eurostat Yearbook, 1997 | US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, August 1995. |
| Population | Statistics Canada, Cansim Statistical Database | Eurostat Yearbook, 1997 | US Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Population and Unit Counts, (CPH-2) Current Population Reports, (P25-1106) |
| Poverty incidence | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set |
| Poverty depth | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set |
| Percentage of immigrants | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set |
| Social spending -including health care -excluding national defence -converted to Cdn$ using Purchasing Power Parity conversion factors | HRDC (http://www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/hrdc/corp/stratpol/socpol/stats/tab1_e.html) | Eurostat Yearbook, 1997 | The American Almanac: the US Book of Facts, Statistics and Information, 1996. |
| Average social transfers -converted to Cdn$ using Purchasing Power Parity conversion factors | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set |
| Ratio of the average number of students per teacher In public elementary and secondary schools, Fall, 1994. | Statistics Canada. Education Quarterly Review Vol. 5 No. 1 | Eurostat Yearbook, 1997 | US Department of Education, Office of Research and Improvement. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 1997. |
| Physicians per 100,000 civilian population | Canadian Medical Association Homepage | Eurostat Yearbook, 1997 | American Medical Association, Chicago IL, Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, Annual |
| Percentage of health care publically funded | http://www.cihi.ca/medrls/4nov19.htm | Best Mix Report | http://www.hcfa.gov/stats/nhe-oact/tables/t11.htm |
| Percentage of quintiles receiving transfers | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set |
| Median wages/salaries -Males -Females | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set |
| Percentage of mothers with positive wages | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set | Luxembourg Income Study Data Set |
| Weeks of maternal and parental benefits | Social Security Programs Throughout the World 1993 & 1995. | ||
| United States Regions | New England | Middle Atlantic | East-North Central | West-North Central | South Atlantic |
| Breakdown of states within above region | Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut |
New York New Jersey Pennsylvania |
Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin |
Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas |
Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida |
| United States regions | East-South Central | West-South Central | Mountain | Pacific | |
| Breakdown of states within above region | Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi |
Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas |
Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada |
Washington Oregon California Alaska Hawii |
|
| Note: Regions used are the same as those used by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1994. | |||||
| Variable | Canada | United States | Variable |
| Intercept | 2.45* (0.12) |
0.05 (0.05) |
Intercept |
| Child's age | -0.07* -0.01* |
(0.01) (0.00) |
Child's age |
| Mom's age | 0.01** (0.00) |
0.02* (0.00) |
Mom's age |
| Market income | -2.00E-5* (6.74E-7) |
-2.00E-5* (3.53E-7) |
Market income |
| Dummy=1 if lone mom | 1.14* (0.21) |
0.91* (0.03) |
Dummy=1 if lone mom |
| Number of siblings | 0.60* (0.03) |
0.16* (0.01) |
Number of siblings |
| Dummy=1 if a person in the household is unemployed | 0.91* (0.08) |
1.01* (0.03) |
Dummy=1 if a person in the household is unemployed |
| Newfoundland | -0.06 (0.12) |
-0.08 (0.05) |
New England |
| Prince Edward Island | -0.17 (0.34) |
-0.01 (0.03) |
East North Central |
| Nova Scotia | -0.27** (0.11) |
-0.12* (0.04) |
West North Central |
| New Brunswick | -0.25*** (0.13) |
-0.12* (0.03) |
South Atlantic |
| Quebec | 0.84* 0.07 |
(0.07) (0.05) |
East South Central |
| Manitoba | 0.04 (0.11) |
0.17* (0.04) |
West South Central |
| Saskatchewan | 0.01 (0.12) |
-0.05 (0.04) |
Mountain |
| Alberta | -0.37* (0.06) |
0.17* (0.03) |
Pacific |
| British Columbia | -0.24* (0.06) |
- | |
| Count | Count | ||
| 1 | 15746 | 15354 | 1 |
| 0 | 1231 | 12743 | 0 |
| Note: We do not estimate this equation for Norway, since all children in Norway receive transfer. | |||
| Canada | Norway | United States | ||
| Canada | All Children with Positive Transfers | All Children with Positive Transfers | All Children with Positive Transfers | Variable |
| Intercept | 4356.54* (240.59) |
5544.94* (469.02) |
-5759.85* (368.96) |
Intercept Child's |
| Child's age | -301.54* (13.87) |
26.21 (25.53) |
-95.64* (17.84) |
Child's age |
| Mom's age | 135.89* (7.05) |
21.66 (15.42) |
250.74* (6.83) |
Mom's age |
| Market income | -0.13* (0.00) |
-0.06* (0.00) |
-0.17* (0.01) |
Market income |
| Dummy=1 if lone mum | 2233.83* (133.39) |
3609.90* (232.95) |
4300.30* (161.15) |
Dummy=1 if lone mum |
| Number of siblings | 2040.70* (44.24) |
1907.52* (81.35) |
1581.94* (45.86) |
Number of siblings |
| Dummy=1 if a person in the household is unemployed | 4244.77* (99.95) |
3149.52* (185.46) |
4193.75* (188.14) |
Dummy=1 if a person in the household is unemployed |
| Newfoundland | 281.22 (318.89) |
- | -320.32 (348.76) |
New England |
| Prince Edward Island | 10.25 (602.23) |
- | 245.03 (214.54) |
East-North Central |
| Nova Scotia | -1276.65* (254.29) |
- | -1987.75* (286.18) |
West-North Central |
| New Brunswick | -781.45* (282.45) |
- | -1918.53* (217.00) |
South Atlantic |
| Quebec | 839.07* (113.58) |
- | -1320.28* (275.71) |
East-South Central |
| Manitoba | -1509.80* (227.29) |
- | -598.43* (266.94) |
West-South Central |
| Saskatchewan | -1965.98* (227.95) |
- | -2389.76* (286.97) |
Mountain |
| Alberta | -2826.11* (152.31) |
- | 602.44* (209.88) |
Pacific |
| British Columbia | -1015.61* (143.96) |
- | - | |
| Inverse Mills Ratio | 10641* (306.92) |
- | 9793.66* (392.46) |
Inverse Mills Ratio |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.381 | 0.3572 | 0.1815 | Adjusted R2 |
| Number of observations | 15745 | 3838 | 15353 | Number of observations |
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| Last modified : 2005-01-11 | top | Important Notices |