Canada-United States Emissions Cap and Trading Feasibility Study

Executive Summary

Introduction

Section A: Air Quality Context

• A.1 OVERVIEW
• A.2 SHARED AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS
• A.3 PRECURSOR EMISSIONS: SOURCES AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SO₂ AND NO_X
• A.4 SHARED SOURCE REGIONS
• A.5 SUMMARY
• A.6 REFERENCES

Section B: Legal Background

• B.1 UNITED STATES
• B.2 CANADA
• B.3 SUMMARY

Section C: Applicability

• C.1 OVERVIEW OF PRINCIPLES
• C.2 SO₂ AND NO_X SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION OF FUEL TYPES
• C.3 EMISSION REDUCTION OPTIONS FOR SO₂ AND NO_X
• C.4 OPT-IN PROVISIONS
• C.5 SUMMARY
• C.6 REFERENCES

Section D: Emissions Monitoring and Reporting

• D.1 PRINCIPLES
• D.2 U.S. MONITORING AND REPORTING
• D.3 ENVIRONMENT CANADA'S PROTOCOL FOR CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS (REPORT EPS 1/PG/7)
• D.4 ANALYSIS
• D.5 SUMMARY
• D.6 REFERENCES

Section E: Allowances Use

• E.1 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
• E.2 ALLOWANCE SERIALIZATION
• E.3 ALLOWANCE DISTRIBUTION
• E.4 ALLOCATION TIMING
• E.5 BANKING
• E.6 BORROWING
• E.7 PROPERTY RIGHTS
• E.8 TRANSPARENCY
• E.9 SET-ASIDES
• E.10 ALLOWANCE ACCOUNTING
• E.11 TAX CONSEQUENCES
• E.12 THE U.S. EXPERIENCE WITH ALLOWANCE USE
• E.13 SUMMARY

Section F: Electronic Emissions Trading Registry: Data Systems for Tracking Allowances and Emissions

• F.1 PRINCIPLES FOR DESIGNING AN ELECTRONIC REGISTRY
• F.2 COMPONENTS OF THE REGISTRY
• F.3 CENTRALIZATION
• F.4 THE U.S. EXPERIENCE WITH DATA TRACKING SYSTEMS
• F.5 THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE WITH DATA TRACKING SYSTEMS
• F.6 SUMMARY

Section G: Compliance and Enforcement

• G.1 OVERVIEW OF COMPLIANCE
• G.2 ENFORCEMENT
• G.3 THE U.S. EXPERIENCE WITH COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
• G.4 COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN CANADA
• G.5 SUMMARY

Section H: Analytical Tool Development and Feasibility Analysis

• H.1 DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF JOINT ANALYTICAL TOOLS
• H.2 ILLUSTRATIVE MODELING SCENARIOS FOR CROSS-BORDER SO₂ AND NO_X EMISSIONS CAP AND TRADING
• H.3 RESULTS FOR THE POWER SECTOR USING THE INTEGRATED PLANNING MODEL
• H.4 RESULTS FROM AIR QUALITY MODELING
• H.5 SUMMARY OF FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS AND TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• H.6 REFERENCES