Abstract

Wetlands are lands permanently or temporarily submerged or permeated by water, and characterized by plants adapted to saturated-soil conditions. Wetlands are the only ecosystem designated for conservation by international convention because they absorb the impact of hydrologic events, filter sediments and toxic substances, supply food and essential habitat for many species, provide products for food, energy, and building material, and are valuable recreational areas. Some wetlands help recharge groundwater, while others receive groundwater discharge. Wetlands are vulnerable to climatic variations and extreme events. Wetlands occur across most of Canada. Their location usually depends on local factors of drainage, topography, and surface material.